The aim of this study was to describe occurrences of peer harassment and the influences it has on Form Three learners in Zimbabwean rural day secondary schools. A review of studies conducted internationally indicated that peer harassment is prevalent and is stressful for most learners. Reports indicate that the negative impacts of peer harassment limit the educational achievements of the learners, and that learners need teacher and parental assistance to deal with peer harassment. In particular there appears to be a need for the creation of safe learning environments. This study was informed by an eclectic framework based on Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, Bronfenbrenner's socio-ecological theory and Allardt's social welfare theory. These three theories point to the need for understanding that the social supports available to an individual determine how the individual perceives and responds to all his or her experiences. Investigations of the perceptions which individuals hold of their diverse lived experiences are best understood from a qualitative paradigm. Since the study intended to gain an understanding of the forms of peer harassment experienced by learners and how their individual experiences influenced their wellbeing, a phenomenological design was used. The sample was comprised of fifteen Form Three (grade 10) learners from three rural schools who volunteered to share their experiences of peer harassment. Data generated from semi-structured interviews with the individual participants were analyzed revealing emergent themes to answer the research questions. Findings revealed that the learners experienced various forms of peer harassment with physical peer harassment being the most prevalent. The data also revealed that peer harassment had both psychological and social influences on the well being of the learners which were primarily negative. Most learners felt that they were not getting adequate support from the adults (i.e., their teachers and the parents and guardians. The apparent reason for this lack of support from the adults was related to the community values which adults held about how learners were expected to deal with peer harassment. It was also evident that most learners chose to suffer silently, or hoped that God would intervene to assist them. Teachers were also not doing enough to assist the learners to stop peer harassment. Like the parents and guardians, most of the teachers did not perceive peer harassment as a serious problem in learners' lives so they did very little to assist victims who complained to them. Learners relied primarily on friends for support. The study concluded that peer harassment influenced the learners 'psychological and social well being negatively. It provided recommendations for schools, teachers, parents and the learners themselves. These stakeholders may collaborate to establish anti-harassment policies and to inform the design and implementation of anti-harassment policies in Zimbabwean rural schools. Recommendations are also provided for further studies aimed at identifying effective responses to the phenomenon of peer harassment.

This thesis focuses on relationship between specific learning disorders and conduct disorders in puberty. The theoretical part explains the basic terms apearing in the thesis such as specific learning disorders, conduct disorders, puberty and prevention of conduct disorder formation. It presents Czech and foreign research which have already been done in this and related areas. The empirical part uses a quantitative method to measure anxiety and occurrence of conduct disorders in second grade students in 2. ZŠ in Třeboň and ZŠ Londýnská in Prague. Data gained from children with specific learning disorder are compared with data from children without disorder.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:23:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:30:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000851753.pdf: 1526672 bytes, checksum: 690748b02e2955532dbeaac8900163cc (MD5) / O presente estudo tem por objetivo geral caracterizar o perfil de superdotados atendidos em um serviço público especializado quanto aos aspectos clínicos e sociodemográficos, avaliando a qualidade de vida. Foram descritas as características sociodemográficas, o desempenho nos testes de inteligência, as coocorrências e os problemas emocionais/comportamentais apresentados pelos superdotados para análise das relações entre essas características e a qualidade de vida. Os superdotados com até 18 anos de idade foram selecionados do Ambulatório de Desvios da Aprendizagem da Disciplina de Neuropediatria do Hospital das Clínicas da UNESP de Botucatu de 2008 a 2014 através do resultado de quoeficiente de inteligência da escala Wechsler de 120 ou mais. Todos haviam sido encaminhados ao serviço por motivo de alteração do comportamento e/ou desvio da aprendizagem e não suspeitavam da superdotação anteriormente à avaliação. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: A escala Wechsler de inteligência, o protocolo sociodemográfico elaborado para este estudo, a versão brasileira do Inventário de comportamentos para crianças e adolescentes (CBCL) e os Questionários Pediátricos de Qualidade de Vida (PedsQL). A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se o programa STATA 10.0. Inicialmente foi feita análise descritiva, com checagem de consistência dos dados e correções, quando necessárias. Estimativas de prevalência foram acompanhadas de intervalos de confiança de 95%, e medidas de tendência central e dispersão foram calculadas. A mediana da idade foi 10 e a média do Quoeficiente de Inteligência Total foi de 129,59. A Escala Total de Problemas Emocionais/Comportamentais se mostrou na faixa Clínica para 51,8% dos superdotados e 66,7% nessa mesma faixa para as Escalas de Internalização. A Dimensão Emocional da Qualidade de Vida foi a que obteve menores escores tanto nas respostas dos superdotados quanto nas dos... / The objective of this study is to characterize the profile concerning social demographic and clinic aspects, and to evaluate life quality of gifted students assisted by a specialized service. The social demographic characteristics, the gifted student intelligence tests performance, their previous diagnostics/comorbidities and the behavior/emotional problems were described to analyze the relations among these characteristics and their life quality. The gifted students with 18 years old or less were selected from child neurology outpatient clinic of Learning Deviations (Learning Deviations Ambulatory) of Clinical Hospital of UNESP- Botucatu in the years 2008 to 2014 by Wechsler intelligence scales results above 120. All of them were sent to the service for behavior and/or learning problems and had no suspect of being gifted before the evaluation. The following instruments were used: Wechsler intelligence scale, social demographic protocol elaborated for this study, the Brazilian version of Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and of life quality questionnaires: Pediatric Life quality questionnaire (PedsQLTM). The 10.0 STATA Program was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis was made first, with checking of data consistency and corrections when needed. Prevalence estimative was associated of trust intervals of 95% and measures of central tendency and dispersion were calculated. The age median was 10 and the Intelligence Quotient mean 129,59. The Total Emotional/Behavior Problems and Internalization Scales were in the clinical range for respectively 51,8% and 66,7% of the gifted students. The Emotional Dimension of Life Quality showed the lower score for the gifted and their parents. Life Quality was inversely proportional to Executive Intelligence Quotient and Perceptual Organization and was also clinical range of Anxiety/Depression Syndrome from CBCL. The results suggest that life quality can be worse as specific abilities have ...

Orientador: Paulo Dalgalarrondo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T05:57:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Teixeira_EduardoHenrique_D.pdf: 18618532 bytes, checksum: 0774e13250c5cbc72b5b26afc4bc65d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Introdução: Comportamento agressivo pode ser a principal manifestação clínica de Transtorno de Conduta (TC) e Autismo e deve ser cuidadosamente manejado na criança e adolescente, considerando os possíveis prejuízos e a evolução para transtornos psiquiátricos graves na idade adulta. A clozapina se mostrou eficaz no controle da agressividade em crianças e adolescentes com esquizofrenia. Objetivos: Fazer uma análise detalhada dos resultados do uso clínico naturalístico da clozapina no manejo da agressividade patológica grave em TC e Autismo e seu impacto no funcionamento global dos casos estudados. Método: Sete crianças/adolescentes com diagnóstico de TC e quatro com diagnóstico de Autismo foram acompanhados durante seguimento ambulatorial em uso de clozapina por um período de 26 semanas para controle de agressividade patológica grave. Foram avaliadas periodicamente através das escalas CGI e CBCL. Resultados: O resultado foi positivo com dose média de clozapina de 375,0 mg/dia (± 202,2) principalmente em relação à agressividade afetiva/impulsiva, independente do diagnóstico. Em apenas um caso de TC os níveis de agressividade se mantiveram inalterados. A agressividade predatória/pró-ativa teve diminuição apenas parcial. As alterações hematológicas ficaram dentro dos limites de segurança. Conclusões: A clozapina se mostrou eficaz, foi bem tolerada e não ocorreram reações adversas graves, podendo ser considerada um recurso terapêutico útil nos casos em que os níveis de agressividade são muito elevados ou foram esgotadas outras abordagens terapêuticas. Esse antipsicótico se mostrou mais eficiente nos padrões de agressividade do tipo impulsiva/afetiva, portanto, esse tipo de agressividade parece poder ser manejada farmacologicamente e a clozapina é uma opção viável / Abstract: Introduction: Aggressive behavior can be the main clinical manifestation of Conduct Disorder (CD) and Autism, and has to be carefully approached in children and adolescents, since it may lead to serious psychiatric disorders in adulthood. Clozapine has proved effective in controlling aggressive behavior in schizophrenic children and teenagers. Objectives: Make a detailed analysis of the results of the naturalistic clinical use of Clozapine to control serious aggressive behavior in CD and Autism and its the global impact on patients. Method: Seven adolescents diagnosed with CD and four with Autism treated with Clozapine were followed during a period of 26 weeks to control severe aggressive behavior. They were analyzed periodically on the CGI and CBCL scale. Results: The results were positive with a medium doze of clozapine of 375,0 mg/day (± 202,2), specially in the cases affective/impulsive aggressiveness, regardless the diagnosis. In just one case of CD the levels of aggressiveness didn't change. The predatory/pro-active kind of aggressiveness experienced only partial reduction. The hematological alterations remained within safe limits. Conclusion: Clozapine was helpful, easily accepted and there weren't important adverse reactions. It can be considered a useful resource in cases where the levels of aggressiveness are extreme or there are no other therapeutic ways. This antipsychotic drug has show to be more effective in the impulsive/affective type of aggressive disorder. Therefore, this kind of aggressiveness seems to be controllable by pharmaceutical means and Clozapine is a viable option / Doutorado / Saude Mental / Doutor em Ciências Médicas

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The purpose of this study was to compare pre- and post-treatment differences in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in male adolescents with conduct disorder. The Children's PTSD Inventory and the PTSD Reaction Index were used to diagnose PTSD and determine trauma type (Type I single trauma or Type II recurring trauma). Pre- and post-treatment measures included the PTSD Reaction Index, the Children's Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, and the Youth Self-Report. The six-week, biweekly group treatment included education, exposure, and cognitive elements. Primary hypotheses that the abused group would statistically differ from the non-abused group in terms of pre- and post-treatment levels of avoidance, dissociation, anger/aggression, self-destructiveness, social problems, and overall levels of PTSD symptoms, were not confirmed. Overall, group therapy participants experienced statistically significant decreases in PTSD symptoms over the course of therapy. Results are discussed in light of clinical implications, recommended cautions given the lack of a robust control group, and directions for future research.

Externalizing disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) have a high prevalence rate in both children of alcoholics and in those with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). These disorders are also predictors of alcohol dependence (alcdep), heritable, and share an underlying genetic liability with alcdep. Furthermore, a mother who drinks while pregnant is likely to be alcohol dependent (AD), and vice-versa. This study incorporated these factors into one model, including as well as a measure of broad genetic risk for ADHD and alcdep to test for the contributions of these effects simultaneously. An independent sample was used to confirm the results for PAE and broad genetic risk. The hypothesis is that PAE will increase the risk to ADHD but not to CD or ODD.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2006. / Title from title page screen, viewed on April 22, 2007. Dissertation Committee: Mark Swerdlik, Matthew Hesson-McInnis (co-chairs), Adena Meyers, Kathryn Hoff, Raymond Redick. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-113) and abstract. Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Special Education / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.) - Carleton University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-95). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.