Previous research has suggested that misinterpretations of hurricane track forecasts can lead to errors in estimation of perceived risk. One factor that can be used to understand these errors in judgment of risk perception is called optimistic bias, in which an individual perceives that compared to another person they are at less risk. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine how risk perceptions of hurricane track forecasts are influenced by the optimistic bias and changes in the forecasts. Students from three coastal universities took a survey regarding hurricane risk from two different track scenarios of a hypothetical hurricane approaching their university. Results indicated that optimism and perceptions of hurricane tracks were not correlated. Regardless of changes in forecast tracks, students perceived the same level of risk by the final forecast. This research has important social implications because hurricane track forecasts are part of the hurricane decision-making process.

The sciatic nerves of rats were crushed with fine forceps and allowed to survive for 3 or 7 days, at which time the 5th lumbar dorsal root ganglion was injected with [3H]glucosamine. Animals were killed 18 h later and the nerves proximal and distal to the crush site were cut into 3 mm segments. Gangliosides were purified from these segments, and radioactivity was separately measured in gangliosides, neutral glycolipids and glycoprotein. For all 3 fractions, radioactivity was distributed similarly between the crush site the point of maximum axonal elongation. A second smaller peak of ganglioside radioactivity was seen to span a few segments immeidately distal to the point of maximum axonal elongation. We propose two possible explanation for this: (1) it represents ganglioside synthesis by Schwann cells (from blood-borne [3H]glucosamine) as part of the mitogenic response of these cells to the reappearance of axons; or (2) recently synthesized, transported gangliosides are released from the growth cone and taken up by adjacent mitogenic Schwann cells.

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<p>  </p> <p>The use of headed reinforcement in concrete has found an increasing interest in construction applications. From shear reinforcement in walls to longitudinal reinforcement in beams and columns, there is a growing need to understand the behavior of headed rebars. A headed rebar is a deformed bar with a head attached to its end and while similar anchorage devices such as headed studs and hooked rebars are well established in theory with design equations developed, headed reinforcement lack this level of knowledge and hence, their application in industry is limited.</p> <p>Current code provisions such as fib Model Code 2010 allow the design of headed rebars as (1) a hooked bar, (2) a headed stud, and (3) using experimental results. Moreover, ACI 318-19 only contains a design equation for the development length of headed rebars but not its capacity. While the literature has justified the approximation of the capacity of headed rebars with hooked bars through a multitude of studies comparing both anchorage devices. Such a justification is not well-founded for headed studs due to a scarcity of studies comparing headed rebars to headed studs. Moreover, there is a lack of design equations accurately predicting the behavior of headed rebars in several parameters. All these issues emanate from the complexity of headed rebars due to their joint mechanism of anchorage coming from both resistance along the rebar deformations and bearing on the head.</p> <p>This study aims to better understand the behavior of headed bars by numerically analyzing the influence of different parameters on their performance. Furthermore, direct comparisons are made between headed reinforcement, headed studs, and straight bars to segregate the effect of the bond along the shaft and the bearing at the head on the behavior of headed bars. </p> <p>The parameters included in this study are embedment depth, edge distance, and concrete compressive strength. The numerical models are verified using a 3D non-linear finite element software MASA (Macroscopic Space Analysis) which employs the microplane model with relaxed kinematic constraint as the constitutive laws of concrete. Two numerical approaches, which differ only in the interface properties between the head and concrete, are validated against experimental results before carrying out the parametric study. Several properties including head, concrete, and bond stresses, along with ultimate capacities and crack patterns are extracted from the models and analyzed. Moreover, the load-displacement graphs of headed rebars, studs, and straight rebars are compared and contrasted. Assessments and theories about the discrepancies between the behavior of headed studs and rebars are stipulated. Finally, potential methods for formulating design equations are proposed for future studies.</p>

Inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is the technique of choice worldwide for trace elemental determinations because of its excellent ionization ability, low detection limits and fast analysis speeds. However, the ICP-MS still suffers from some disadvantages, such as spectral overlap and severe matrix effects. Matrix effects or interferences, partly arise from changes in the analyte transmission through the interfacial region between the ICP and mass spectrometer with changes in sample matrix. Better understanding of the transmission behaviors of analyte through the sampling and skimmer cones will provide the insights needed to alleviate matrix interferences and to improve the interface design between the ICP and mass spectrometer. Laser induced fluorescence is a highly sensitive, non-invasive and element specific detection method. The research herein endeavors to explain the transport behaviors of analytes upstream and downstream from the sampling cone in an ICP-MS. The final goal of this research is to improve the consistency and efficiency with which ions are transported from an ICP source to a mass analyzer. Several issues related to analyte transmission through the sampling and skimmer cones have been explored and discussed in this dissertation. First, it is found that the existence of the sampling cone not only disturbs the local thermodynamic equilibrium of the plasma, but also changes the spatial distributions and number densities of analyte species. Second, it has been verified that the spread of analyte species in the first vacuum stage is mass-dependent and can be explained by ambiploar diffusion theory. Finally, the current research suggests that the transmission efficiencies of the skimmer cone are impacted by the nebulizer flow and first vacuum stage pressure of the ICP-MS. To better elucidate the analyte transport behaviors from the plasma to the ion detector in an ICP-MS, more investigation needs to be carried out. Further research, such as the entire measurements of analyte transmission efficiency through the skimmer cone, the variation of doubly charged ions under different plasma operational conditions, and the functions of argon metastable atoms on analyte ionization inside the plasma will require much additional work.

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INTRODUCTION: The compatibility of EndoSequence BC Sealer (BC Sealer; Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA) for warm vertical compaction has been questioned due to changing physical properties under higher temperature. The aim was to evaluate the effect of heating on the physical properties (flowability and radiopacity) of a new calcium-based root canal sealer (EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow [HiFlow]) in comparison with EndoSequence BC Sealer. METHODS: The flow, and radiopacity of the 2 sealers were measured according to ISO 6786/2012 at different temperatures. Forty real printed plastic teeth (incisor) were used to evaluate the flowability of the two Standard EndoSequence BC Sealer and HiFlow EndoSequence BC Sealer into the lateral and apical accessory canals. These evaluation was done with two obturation techniques including single cone and warm vertical condensation. RESULT: The mean flowability was ranging from 22.25 mm to 9.52 mm. The results indicate that there is a statistical difference between the flowability of the two calcium silicate based sealers under all three different temperatures (37˚C, 100˚C and 150˚C). Radiopacity was measured at two different temperatures including 21˚C and 100˚C. The mean gray value ranged from 213.55 to 202.25. Results showed that HiFlow is more radiopaque and there is a statistically significant difference at both temperatures. The results of single cone and warm vertical obturation techniques show that there is no significant difference between the flowability of the two calcium silicate based sealers into the lateral and apical accessory canals at 21°C and there is a significant difference at higher temperatures. CONCLUSIONS: HiFlow BC sealer had higher flow and was more radiopaque, especially at high temperatures, which are generated by the commonly used warm vertical compaction technique.

Thesis advisor: O. Ernesto Valiente / Thesis advisor: Benjamin Valentin / The thesis focuses on two historical forms of oppression: economic and racial, as well as two attempts to theologize these phenomena: one by Jon Sobrino, an author writing from the perspective of El Salvador and Latin America, and the other by James H. Cone, the founder of black liberation theology. Both theologians construct a link between the contemporary oppressed and the theological categories of cross and salvation. In Cone's and Sobrino's view, the perspective of historical victims allows for a better understanding of the biblical account of Jesus' death and resurrection. At the same time, the reality of oppression itself can only be fully understood in the light of Jesus' story, which creates a specific hermeneutical loop. At the center of this thesis lies the category of the crucified people, essential to Sobrino's theology, and the analogy between the cross and the lynching tree introduced by Cone. The proposed analysis juxtaposes some key elements of the two authors' writings and the historical contexts of their reflections. It shows where their interpretations meet, in what elements they differ, and how they can aid each other in constructing the perspective of historical soteriology. / Thesis (STL) — Boston College, 2023. / Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry. / Discipline: Sacred Theology.

In recent years, the study of fluid flow with nanoparticles in base fluids has attracted the attention of several researchers due to its various applications to science and engineering problems. Recent investigations on convective heat transfer in nanofluids indicate that the suspended nanoparticles markedly change the transport properties and thereby the heat transfer characteristics. Convection in saturated porous media with nanofluids is also an area of growing interest. In this thesis, we study the effects of radiation on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of nanofluid flows over solid surfaces. In Chapter 2, an investigation is made into the effects of radiation on mixed convection over a wedge embedded in a saturated porous medium with nanofluids, while in Chapter 3 results are presented for the effects of radiation on convection heat transfer about a cone embedded in a saturated porous medium with nanofluids. The resulting governing equations are non-dimensionalized and transformed into a non-similar form and then solved by Keller box method. A comparison is made with the available results in the literature, and the results are found to be in very good agreement. The numerical results for the velocity, temperature, volume fraction, the local Nusselt number and the Sherwood number are presented graphically. The salient features of the results are analyzed and discussed for several sets of values of the pertinent parameters. Also, the effects of the Rosseland diffusion and the Brownian motion are discussed.