本研究主要是從現階段台日國會交流，探討台灣的國會外交。由於台灣外交受到中國全方位無理的打壓，國際社會的處境十分艱難。因此在許多無邦交國家，傳統外交工作及駐外單位與外國行政機關的接洽聯繫經常受到限制，然而經由國會交流管道，卻往往可以達到一定的成效。另外就邦交國而言，由於國會代表民意，國會議員間的互訪、交流、聯繫也更能加強雙邊互動。選定日本為研究個案的原因，主要是日本為內閣制國家，國會外交的影響較為直接，且近期台日交流有重大發展，如美日安保諮商「二加二會談」首度納入台海問題、日本支持台灣成為WHA觀察員、台灣觀光客赴日免簽證等；另外，台日雙方國會議員往來密切，且有運作成熟之跨黨派國會聯誼組織，進行有系統的交流，如台日交流聯誼會、日華議員懇談會等。 本研究係採用深度訪談法，選擇的訪談對象為參與外交事務的國會議員、立法院行政人員、外交部官員、日本國會議員，以及國際關係學者。經由訪談分析，所獲致的研究成果有：一、了解台灣目前國會外交現況、困境以及未來可能的發展策略。二、評估國會外交的功能，並探討其運作方式對台灣外交與其他方面之影響。三、借重台日國會交流經驗，提供政府國會外交政策建議，藉以協助台灣突破目前所面臨的外交困境。 / It is mainly to explore the implications of congressional diplomacy of Taiwan in this study, by reviewing the exchanges of the Congress between Taiwan and Japan at current stage. Undoubtedly, China is doing its best to keep Taiwan out of the diplomatic arena at all levels in the world, so as to worsen the situation of national identity of Taiwan in the international community. Under such circumstances, the restrictions are constantly imposed upon the routine works and contacts for the Taiwan Representative Offices abroad with government authorities or agencies in the undiplomatic countries. As for the congress represents the general public will in the democratic countries, it is surely helpful for the interactions of bilateral relations among congressmen of Taiwan and other countries through visits, exchanges and contacts. Furthermore, it is achieved in the goal of the promotion on the substantial relations with other countries. Japan is a cabinet-oriented country, its members of the Cabinet come from the Congress. It therefore produces direct influence on diplomacy of congress. Besides, there are some enormous breakthroughs on the exchanges between Taiwan and Japan at current stage, such as: the Taiwan issue has been put on the agenda of ”2 plus 2” US-Japan security consultation meeting for the first time, Japan supports Taiwan as an observer in the WHA, free visa entry treatment for Taiwanese tourists, and so on. Based on this, it is primary to take the exchanges of the Congresses between Taiwan and Japan as the subject of this study. Moreover, there are maturely operating and multiparty members’ amity groups conducted in both country’s congress, which are keeping close contacts, such as Taiwan-Japan Exchanges Amity Group, Sino-Japanese Diet Members Conference. It is going to be reviewed on this part in the study. The method of in-depth interview will be exercising in the research. The selected interviewees are ranging from those legislators who are actively participating in foreign affairs, senior administrators of the Legislative Yuan, officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japanese Congressmen and heavy-weighted scholars who are familiar with international relations. Through the analysis of interviews, it will be expected to produce some outcomes in this study, such as following: 1. To realize the situation, hardship and future possible development strategy of the congressional diplomacy of Taiwan at current stage. 2. To evaluate the achievement of the congressional diplomacy of Taiwan, and to explore what influence its operation will be on Taiwan’s diplomacy and other aspects. 3. To advise the Government about the feasible policy of the congressional diplomacy and assist in breaking through hardship of Taiwan’s diplomacy right at the moment by borrowing the experiences of the exchanges of the Congress between Taiwan and Japan.