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Thesis advisor: Stephen Hudson / This paper analyzes the intellectual rift in the contemporary American conservative movement, focusing on the differences of opinion between classical liberals and national conservatives on economic policy and economic philosophy. Given the precipitous economic malaise of the domestic American economy, and the attendant decay of social cohesion and quality of life for many Americans, the paper proposes that domestic manufacturing offers a distinctively important way of life that is inclusive of the largest possible segments of American workers. This paper finds that nations compete as economic actors, and that sovereign nations have an interest in promoting certain economic outcomes, similar to how other market actors participate in the global market. This paper concludes by affirming that on these grounds, America has an interest in pursuing an industrial policy through the tools of law and public policy. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Philosophy.

This dissertation re-examines the history of the American Liberty League, building upon observations in recent works by Kimberly Phillips-Fein and David Farber that trace the origins of the modern American conservative political movement back to the reaction against the New Deal programs implemented by Franklin Roosevelt. The Liberty League, it is argued here, established a tradition of what I describe as Constitutional conservatism. The Liberty League, established in 1934 with the expressed purpose of "upholding the Constitution," represented the most forceful and coherent contemporary resistance against a trend toward centralization of power in the federal government and the executive branch that took shape during the Progressive Era and was cemented by the New Deal. Historians writing about conservatism in the the U.S. have most often highlighted other explanations for the motivations underpinning the movement, most notably the "racial backlash" thesis, but a theme of Constitutional conservatism can be traced through many of the conservative political organizations that have emerged in the United States since the demise of the Liberty League in 1936. The first chapter discusses the origins of the Liberty League, which to a considerable extent evolved out of the Association Against the Prohibition Movement. In addition to their shared focus on Constitutional issues, the two organizations utilized the same tactics and showed considerable overlap in terms of membership, leadership and financial backing. Leaders of the organization, discussed in a separate chapter, included Jouett Shouse, William Stayton, Al Smith, Raoul Desvernine, along with a number of wealthy industrialists that provided financial backing, including Pierre du Pont, his brother Irénée du Pont, John Raskob and E. F. Hutton. Further chapters examine the activities of the local and state branches of the Liberty League, the League's attempts to coordinate efforts with other organizations professing a desire for upholding the Constitution and analysis of the publications produced and distributed by the Liberty League. While the organization was funded largely by a small group of wealthy individuals with a vested interest in protecting their vast fortunes, the Liberty League devoted itself in practice to arguing in favor of the more strict interpretation of the Constitution that had largely prevailed in the United States before the New Deal era. Of course, the League failed utterly to convince the electorate, as evidenced by the overwhelming electoral triumph achieved by President Roosevelt in 1936, but it's relentless attempts to highlight the perceived excesses of the New Deal helped fill the void left by the virtual absence of any meaningful Republican opposition, perhaps helping to place some limits on the extent of the New Deal and laying the ground work for future generations of conservatives that continue to draw on the theme of Constitutional conservatism in their efforts to turn back some of the advances made by proponents of a more activist federal government during the Twentieth Century. / History

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is a hybrid organization managing the most critical Internet infrastructure - the Domain Name System. ICANN represents a new, emerging Internet self-governance model in which the private sector takes the lead and the government sector plays a more marginal role. Little is known, however, about what is actually happening in this new organization. The dissertation (a) systematically assesses ICANN's overall performance based on a set of evaluative criteria drawn from its mission statements; (b) explores possible factors and actors that influence ICANN's overall performance by tracing the governance processes in three cases based on a preliminary conceptual framework; and (c) suggests practical and theoretical implications of ICANN's governance and performance in its broader institutional context. The study finds that although differing governance processes have led to different performance outcomes (Lynn et al. 2000), "stability" has been the defining value that has shaped the overall path of ICANN's governance and performance. The study characterizes ICANN as a conservative hybrid captured, based on specific issues, by the technical and governmental communities. It also proposes the concept of "technical capture" to suggest how technical experts can have significant, but often implicit, influence over the policy development process in organizations. / Ph. D.

In the past, emergence of right-wing conservative moral reform movements has resulted in profound changes for our society. Two of the most visible examples would be the 18th amendment establishing the prohibition of alcohol and the movement to destroy communism in America, McCarthyism. since the mid-1970’s, a movement in America has been gaining strength to once again morally reform America. Some of the issues now on the new right agenda are: banning abortion, getting prayer back in school, and defeating the Equal Rights Amendment. In this study, we first draw an historical comparison between the current moral reform movement and one of the past (e.q. McCarthyism). Second, we test the relative explanatory power of two different theories that attempt to account for the origins of moral reform ideas using data 1977 and 1982. / M.S.

“‘Law-Abiding Citizens’: How the National Rifle Association’s battle for gun rights shaped the New Right” explicates the development of the gun rights movement and its central role in the modern American Right. In recent decades scholars have explored the contributions of evangelical Christians, business leaders, white southerners, and women to the making of the modern conservative movement and the transformation of the Republican Party. This study establishes the central role of firearms owners and the NRA in the conservative ascendancy. Based on extensive research in congressional collections at the Dolph Briscoe Center, and the papers of Howard Metzenbaum, Roman Hruska, Birch Bayh, and Robert Dole, as well as the Nixon, Ford, and Reagan Presidential Libraries, the National Archives, and substantial research into NRA publications and related documents, the dissertation explores the evolving political strategy of the NRA and the broader gun community to halt gun control from the 1930s to the 1980s. During the 1960s, high-profile assassinations and rising crime rates put pressure on the Johnson, Nixon, and Ford administrations to “do something” about gun violence. The threat of strict federal gun control prompted the NRA and the broader gun rights community to mobilize grassroots action. Its failure to block the Gun Control Act of 1968 sparked a gradual shift within the association. As it moved rightward, its ability to mobilize its substantial membership and deliver votes made it an attractive political partner for the GOP. Long an association of hunters and shooting sportsmen devoted to firearms safety and military training in wartime, the struggle over gun control legislation divided and ultimately transformed the NRA. As it shifted its focus from hobby to lobby, the NRA became a foundational element of the New Right, playing a decisive role in the shaping of modern American conservatism. / 2030-06-30T00:00:00Z

The problem of this thesis is to show the relationship between liberalism, radicalism, conservatism and certain associated factors.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:33:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo_Sergio_Pereira_da_Rocha_Junior.pdf: 6043436 bytes, checksum: a22f083748370c7d978940b279a5bd88 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-18 / This paper investigated the ability of the cross listing, through the issuance of ADR (American Depositary Receipt), to change the influence of the institutional environment in discretionary power. Several economic factors are mentioned to justify investments in ADR programs. Moreover, this study seeks to understand if the cross listing is a channel of influence in conservatism. It is an ex-post-facto research that seeks to observe in Brazilian ADRs issuers a behavior more conservative than in the rest of the companies traded on BOVESPA, between the period of 2008 to 2013. The econometric model of Basu (1997) was used to measure the degree of conservatism. This model evaluates whether reported earnings incorporate bad news faster than good news, considering as a proxy for the bad news the negative stock returns. Therefore, we test the relationship of reported earnings with simple stock returns. It was found with the application of the model that there are signs that Brazilian ADRs issuers are more conservative, even when they adopt practices of earnings management (ECKEL, 1981). The results, however, do not show statistical significance / Este trabalho investigou a capacidade que a listagem dupla, por meio da emiss??o de ADR (American Depositary Receipt), tem para alterar a influ??ncia do ambiente institucional no poder discricion??rio. Diversos fatores econ??micos s??o apontados para justificar os investimentos em programas de ADRs. Por outro lado, este estudo objetiva compreender se a listagem dupla ?? um canal de influ??ncia no conservadorismo. Trata-se de pesquisa ex-post-facto que busca observar nas emissoras de ADRs brasileiras um comportamento mais conservador do que o das demais empresas negociadas na BOVESPA, entre o per??odo de 2008 a 2013. Utilizou-se o modelo econom??trico de Basu (1997) para mensurar o grau de conservadorismo. Este modelo avalia se o lucro divulgado incorpora m??s not??cias mais rapidamente do que as boas not??cias, considerando como proxy para as m??s not??cias o retorno negativo das a????es. Com isto, testa-se a rela????o do lucro divulgado com o retorno simples das a????es. Verificou-se com a aplica????o do referido modelo que existem sinais de que as emissoras de ADRs brasileiras s??o mais conservadoras, mesmo quando adotam pr??ticas de gerenciamento de resultados (ECKEL, 1981). Os resultados, no entanto, n??o apresentam signific??ncia estat??stica

Submitted by Elba Lopes (elba.lopes@fecap.br) on 2017-04-04T00:34:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Mauro_Camilo_dos_Santos.pdf: 1108982 bytes, checksum: 19fa1d8e28c232198e2db3653e865495 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T00:34:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Mauro_Camilo_dos_Santos.pdf: 1108982 bytes, checksum: 19fa1d8e28c232198e2db3653e865495 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-23 / With the enactment of Resolution no 3786/2009, the Central Bank of Brazil, financial institutions began to prepare and publish since December 31, 2010 in addition to the existing standards, the consolidated financial statements according to International Financial Reporting Standards - IFRS. Such procedures have caused a major change in the technical and legal framework due to existing conceptual differences between local standards - BRGAAP and international standards - IFRS. This work aims to verify whether the accounting convergence is altering the degree of conservatism in constitutions of allowance for doubtful accounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements published by financial institutions in Brazil, and whether the characteristics of the financial institutions such as size, profitability, control capital, market segment, listed on stock exchanges and public or private sector could influence the constitution of the provisions. For that were examined in the two accounting standards, the financial statements of forty-three financial conglomerates in the period 2009-2013, which represented 93% of the assets of Sistema Financeiro Nacional (National Financial System) at December 31, 2013. The results revealed differences statistically significant of provisions between the two accounting standards, showing that local standards are more conservative relative to international standards. Showed, too, that although starting from the same operations the institutions obtained different results due to the use of different standards for recognition, measurement and disclosure. On examination of the independent variables was found that there are specific groups of banks with larger discrepancies between the balances of provisions in the two financial statements indicating that the characteristics of financial institutions could influence the constitution of the provisions. / Com a edi????o da Resolu????o no 3786/2009, do Banco Central do Brasil, as Institui????es Finan-ceiras passaram a elaborar e divulgar desde 31 dez 2010 adicionalmente ??s normas vigentes, as Demonstra????es Cont??beis Consolidadas com base nas Normas Internacionais de Relat??rios Financeiros (International Financial Reporting Standards - IFRS). Tais procedimentos t??m provocado uma grande mudan??a no arcabou??o t??cnico e legal em decorr??ncia de diverg??ncias conceituais existentes entre as normas locais - BRGAAP e as normas internacionais - IFRS. Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar se a converg??ncia cont??bil est?? alterando o grau de conservadorismo na constitui????o da provis??o para cr??ditos de liquida????o duvidosa nas De-monstra????es Cont??beis Consolidadas publicadas pelas institui????es financeiras, no Brasil, e se as caracter??sticas das institui????es financeiras como porte, rentabilidade, controle de capital, segmento de mercado de atua????o, listadas em bolsas de valores e setor p??blico ou privado poderiam influenciar na constitui????o das PCLD. Para tanto foram examinados, nos dois pa-dr??es de contabilidade, as demonstra????es financeiras de quarenta e tr??s conglomerados finan-ceiros no per??odo de 2009 a 2013, que representavam 93% dos ativos do Sistema Financeiro Nacional, em 31 de dezembro de 2013. Os resultados revelaram diferen??as estatisticamente significantes entre os valores das provis??es dos dois padr??es de contabilidade, evidenciando que as normas locais s??o mais conservadoras em rela????o ??s normas internacionais. Mostraram, tamb??m, que embora partindo das mesmas opera????es as institui????es obtiveram valores diferentes em suas carteiras de cr??dito e nos montantes de PCLD em decorr??ncia da utiliza????o de padr??es diferentes de reconhecimento, mensura????o e divulga????o. No exame das vari??veis independentes constatou-se que existem grupos espec??ficos de bancos com maiores discre-p??ncias entre os saldos de PCLD nas duas demonstra????es indicando que as caracter??sticas das institui????es financeiras poderiam influenciar na constitui????o da PCLD.