No description available.

Thesis advisor: Stephen Hudson / This paper analyzes the intellectual rift in the contemporary American conservative movement, focusing on the differences of opinion between classical liberals and national conservatives on economic policy and economic philosophy. Given the precipitous economic malaise of the domestic American economy, and the attendant decay of social cohesion and quality of life for many Americans, the paper proposes that domestic manufacturing offers a distinctively important way of life that is inclusive of the largest possible segments of American workers. This paper finds that nations compete as economic actors, and that sovereign nations have an interest in promoting certain economic outcomes, similar to how other market actors participate in the global market. This paper concludes by affirming that on these grounds, America has an interest in pursuing an industrial policy through the tools of law and public policy. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Philosophy.

Le projet du gouvernement grec en 2006 d’introduire une Cour constitutionnelle pour remplacer le contrôle diffus pose le problème du choix entre le modèle américain et le modèle européen. Il n’y a pas de supériorité inhérente d’un modèle sur le plan axiologique, logique, technique et empirique. Les défauts du système américain sont amplifiés en Grèce par le contexte européen de sorte que le système grec assure la dépolitisation du contrôle mais n’assure pas la sécurité juridique. De même, il est activiste en matière socioéconomique mais il ne l’est pas concernant les droits individuels de premier rang. Par ailleurs, les mécanismes correctifs (Cour suprême spéciale, Cour plénière, Tribunal des Salaires) aggravent le problème d’irrationalité en raison du grand nombre des juges. Ils engendrent aussi des décisions provocatrices dans les domaines électoraux et judiciaires. D’autre part, la Cour constitutionnelle se heurte à l’existence d’un système américain actif, d’un contexte culturel non continental, à l’interprétation historique des principes irrévisables et à un contexte social clientéliste. Plus particulièrement, la Cour constitutionnelle proposée favorise la loi en raison de la désignation des juges uniquement par le parti majoritaire et aussi de la saisine de la Cour dans le cas de deux invalidations successives de la loi. En conclusion, il est opportun d’établir un système mixte selon la nature des lois contrôlées comprenant une Assemblée Plénière restreinte et une Cour constitutionnelle constituée parmi une liste triple. / The project of the Greek government in 2006 to introduce a Constitutional Court in order to replace the diffused control poses the problem of the choice between the American model and the European model. There is non inherent superiority of one model from axiological, logic, technical and empirical point of view. The defaults of the American system are amplified in Greece by the European context, so that the Greek system assures the depoliticization of the control but it does not assure the legal security. In addition, it is activist in the socioeconomic domain but it is self-restrained concerning the fundamental liberties. The remedial mechanisms (Supreme Special Court, Plenary Court, “Tribunal of Wages”) aggravate the problem of irrationality, because of the existence of lot of judges and they engender also provocative decisions in the electoral and judicial domain. On the other hand, the introduction of a Constitutional Court comes up against the existence of an active American system, a non continental cultural context, the historical interpretation or irrevisable principles and a clientelist social context. More particularly, the proposed Constitutional Court favors the law owning to the fact that the judges are appointed only by the majority party and that the Court intervenes after two invalidations of the law. In conclusion, it is convenient to establish a mixed system according to the nature of controlled laws including a restricted Plenary Court and a Constitutional Court constituted among a triple list.

This diploma thesis aims to show, whether main changes introduced to American economy due to Civil War in 1861 to 1865 had or had not positive effect on post-bellum economic development. were following antebellum development, or whether they go against it. To reach this objective, ante-bellum development of policies, which were changed the most during or after the war, is outlined; main political and social changes are introduced; application of the American system and its effects, mostly of protectionism and national banking system, are presented; and changes in size and role of federal government and effects of war on economy, mainly in the South, are analysed. I draw a conclusion from this evidence, that emancipation did not lead to immediate economic development in South, but rather due to other reasons. Also, I find that neither policy of protective tariffs, nor changes to the banking system had any positive effect on American economic growth in the last third of 19th century, and that their contribution was probably negative. Therefore, it can be stated, that American system, brought by the war, was not the cause of country's economic success.

O presente trabalho possui como escopo analisar, a partir da perspectiva das relações internacionais, o diálogo entre a política externa de direitos humanos do Brasil e o Sistema Interamericano de Proteção aos Direitos Humanos. Para tanto, a primeira parte desta dissertação abordará as origens, a institucionalização e a internacionalização da proteção dos direitos humanos, examinando a sua trajetória histórica até sua previsão em diversos textos legais, assim como a sua salvaguarda no plano internacional, com ênfase no sistema interamericano de proteção aos direitos humanos. Na segunda parte, este trabalho pesquisará as relações entre política externa e direitos humanos no Brasil após a redemocratização, com foco no impacto das decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos sobre a política externa nacional, para, ao final, traçar algumas conclusões sobre o tema. / This work aims to analyze, from the international relations’ perspective, the dialogue between Brazil’s Human Rights’ foreign policy and the Inter-American System of Human Rights. Therefore, the first part of this dissertation will address the origins, institutionalization and internationalization of human rights protection, examining its historical trajectory until its positivation in several legal texts, as well as its safeguarding at the international level, with emphasis on the inter-American system of human rights. In the second part, this work shall address the relationship between Brazil’s foreign policy and human rights after the country’s democratization, focusing on the impact of the decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the national foreign policy, to in the end, draw some conclusions on the subject.

O presente trabalho possui como escopo analisar, a partir da perspectiva das relações internacionais, o diálogo entre a política externa de direitos humanos do Brasil e o Sistema Interamericano de Proteção aos Direitos Humanos. Para tanto, a primeira parte desta dissertação abordará as origens, a institucionalização e a internacionalização da proteção dos direitos humanos, examinando a sua trajetória histórica até sua previsão em diversos textos legais, assim como a sua salvaguarda no plano internacional, com ênfase no sistema interamericano de proteção aos direitos humanos. Na segunda parte, este trabalho pesquisará as relações entre política externa e direitos humanos no Brasil após a redemocratização, com foco no impacto das decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos sobre a política externa nacional, para, ao final, traçar algumas conclusões sobre o tema. / This work aims to analyze, from the international relations’ perspective, the dialogue between Brazil’s Human Rights’ foreign policy and the Inter-American System of Human Rights. Therefore, the first part of this dissertation will address the origins, institutionalization and internationalization of human rights protection, examining its historical trajectory until its positivation in several legal texts, as well as its safeguarding at the international level, with emphasis on the inter-American system of human rights. In the second part, this work shall address the relationship between Brazil’s foreign policy and human rights after the country’s democratization, focusing on the impact of the decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the national foreign policy, to in the end, draw some conclusions on the subject.

O presente trabalho possui como escopo analisar, a partir da perspectiva das relações internacionais, o diálogo entre a política externa de direitos humanos do Brasil e o Sistema Interamericano de Proteção aos Direitos Humanos. Para tanto, a primeira parte desta dissertação abordará as origens, a institucionalização e a internacionalização da proteção dos direitos humanos, examinando a sua trajetória histórica até sua previsão em diversos textos legais, assim como a sua salvaguarda no plano internacional, com ênfase no sistema interamericano de proteção aos direitos humanos. Na segunda parte, este trabalho pesquisará as relações entre política externa e direitos humanos no Brasil após a redemocratização, com foco no impacto das decisões da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos sobre a política externa nacional, para, ao final, traçar algumas conclusões sobre o tema. / This work aims to analyze, from the international relations’ perspective, the dialogue between Brazil’s Human Rights’ foreign policy and the Inter-American System of Human Rights. Therefore, the first part of this dissertation will address the origins, institutionalization and internationalization of human rights protection, examining its historical trajectory until its positivation in several legal texts, as well as its safeguarding at the international level, with emphasis on the inter-American system of human rights. In the second part, this work shall address the relationship between Brazil’s foreign policy and human rights after the country’s democratization, focusing on the impact of the decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the national foreign policy, to in the end, draw some conclusions on the subject.

Despite the vast research on industrial innovation in the United States, little shows innovation as a process from the theoretical origins to its practical application. The image that emerges from the overall literature is one showing only the importance of applied innovation. This thesis argues that historians need to reevaluate how manufacturing advancements are studied in the United States. Using the creation of the American System of Manufacturing as a case study, this study focuses on innovation as a connected process from its theoretical origins to its applied state. This study focuses less on the individuals involved and more on the system itself. This accomplishes two points. First is that it shows that the idea is more important than the peoples. Second is that this thesis provides a greater understanding of how the American System of Manufacturing came to fruition. By examining these two points, this thesis demonstrates that historians need to look beyond the traditional application-only focus that has plagued the study of technological history. Instead historians must show industrial innovation as both the creation of the theoretical concept and the systems practical application. / History

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ADRIANO CIELO DOTTO.pdf: 7287803 bytes, checksum: 81fb9bb825be8efbc19c44cccf41c944 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-09 / This dissertation is aimed on analyzing the role of a general individual inside the inter- American system for protection of the human rights, in order to understand how this individual is subject to rights and duties before the International Rights. More specifically, this work wants to verify an individual's legal capacity to sue inside this regional system, based on the American Convention for Human Rights. Bibliographical-deductive and comparative methods were used, which means this research had an exploratory-qualitative approach. It started by a dogmatic-juridical study and after that the historical study was made, using also the ideas from the logical-semantic constructivism. The historical approach of the human rights was aimed on adding conceptual and fundamental questions, in order to understand the process of internationalization and protection of these rights. In the area of the inter-American regional system, the structure and the functionality of the Inter-American Commission were analyzed, based on four selected real cases, and starting from a completeness point of view of the process, in other words, cases that would allow an analysis of the works of the Commission and the Court. The cases Ximenes Lopes, Nogueira de Carvalho, Sétimo Garibaldi and Escher, all of them against Brazil, allowed observing how the individual accesses the Commission and the step-by-step of a case inside this organism of the American Convention. Following, the structure and the functionality of the American Court were studied, also in regard to the four cases listed above, aimed on analyzing whether the individual has corporate entity, and therefore having the legal capacity to sue under these twoinstitutions: Commission and court. From the individual's lack of being recognized by the Court, the main organism of the inter-American system, a potential failure was detected, regarding the major purpose of this system, which is to promote the enforcement of the human rights inside the inter-American regional context, since these rights will only be fully respected and enforced by actions that truly allow the effective access of the individual to the entities of verification and judgment, turning the individual into a real subject of the international rights. / A presente dissertação busca analisar o papel do indivíduo dentro do sistema interamericano de proteção dos direitos humanos, para, depois, compreendê-lo como sujeito de direitos e deveres frente ao Direito Internacional. Mais especificamente, busca-se verificar o reconhecimento da capacidade processual dos indivíduos dentro desse sistema regional, com respaldo na Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos. Utilizaram-se os métodos dedutivo bibliográfico e comparativo, sendo a pesquisa de natureza exploratório-qualitativa. Iniciou-se pelo estudo dogmático jurídico e, em seguida, passou-se ao estudo histórico, adotando-se, ainda, as linhas do construtivismo lógico-semântico. A abordagem histórica a respeito dos direitos humanos, com questões conceituais e fundamentais, visou a compreender o processo de internacionalização dos mecanismos de proteção de tais direitos. No âmbito do sistema regional interamericano, analisou-se a estrutura e o funcionamento da Comissão Interamericana, tendo como objeto quatro casos concretos selecionados a partir de uma idéia de completude do processo, ou seja, casos que permitissem a análise do funcionamento tanto da Comissão quanto da Corte. Os casos Ximenes Lopes, Nogueira de Carvalho, Sétimo Garibaldi e Escher, todos em desfavor do Brasil, permitiram observar o mecanismo de acesso do indivíduo à Comissão e o andamento de um caso na esfera desse órgão da Convenção Americana. Em seguida, estudou-se a estrutura e o funcionamento da Corte Interamericana, também à luz dos quatro casos mencionados, com vistas a analisar se o indivíduo é dotado de personalidade jurídica, portanto detentor de capacidade processual, no âmbito de tais instituições: Comissão e Corte. Tendo em vista a falta de reconhecimento dessa personalidade no âmbito da Corte, principal órgão do sistema interamericano, detectou- se uma falha potencial no que se refere à principal finalidade do sistema, qual seja, promover a observância dos direitos humanos no contexto regional interamericano, uma vez que tais direitos só poderão ser plenamente respeitados por meio de medidas que permitam o acesso efetivo do indivíduo aos seus órgãos de verificação e julgamento, elevando-o à condição de verdadeiro sujeito de direito internacional.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alberto Lopes de Oliveira Junior.pdf: 6485475 bytes, checksum: 99a03ebfb93c8a8d4c430e9c413801b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-16 / It is a legal research focused on the study of socio, political and economic development of Brazil. The development towards treated in this work has direct relation to the evolution of the people, in an inclusive and fraternal, enabling all, without exception, the right to participation and enjoyment of the product of this development. Development here is exposed as a complex network formed by another complex elements, which, when united, form a system. This system should protect economic growth, ensuring social and political evolution. The Inter-American System of Human Rights is considered as a complementary channel to the Brazilian legal system, available to citizens, to guarantee and protect human rights, which is a presupposition to the development. As an experiment for the application of the Inter-American System of Human Rights in Brazil's development, we will analyze the situation of the Rubber Soldiers, lived in northern of the Brazil. Rubber Soldiers were men recruited in the opportunity of the Government of Getúlio Vargas, as the Allied war effort, the United States, at the time of the second world war. These men left their lands in the Northeast and were induced to move their lives to the north of the country, hoping to aid the motherland and better quality of life. However, they were treated as slaves and never received any honors as Soldiers. Treatment that differentiates them from "Excombatants", a class that had been treated as a priori similar. The reasoning method and approach of this work is outlined by means of induction (inductive), which analyzes data from a particular case to verify a general reality. It is a systematic analytical study / Trata-se de uma pesquisa jurídica, voltada ao estudo do desenvolvimento sócio, político e econômico do Brasil. O desenvolvimento na perspectiva tratada nesse trabalho tem direta relação à evolução do povo, de forma inclusiva e fraternal, propiciando a todos, sem exclusão, o direito de participação e gozo do produto desse desenvolvimento. Desenvolvimento aqui é tratado como uma rede complexa, formada por elementos também complexos, que, ao se unirem, formam um sistema. Esse sistema deve tutelar o crescimento econômico, garantindo a evolução social e política. O Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos, por sua vez, é analisado como via complementar ao ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, disponibilizado ao cidadão, para garantia e proteção dos direitos humanos, que é um pressuposto imbricado no desenvolvimento. Como experimento para aplicação do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos no desenvolvimento do Brasil, será analisada a situação dos Soldados da Borracha, vivenciada na região norte do Brasil. Soldados da Borracha foram homens recrutados na oportunidade do Governo de Getúlio Vargas, como um esforço de guerra ao aliado, Estados Unidos, no momento da segunda guerra mundial. Esses homens deixaram as suas terras no nordeste do país e foram induzidos a moverem suas vidas à região norte do país, na esperança de auxílio à pátria e melhor qualidade de vida. Porém, foram tratados como escravos e jamais receberam qualquer menção honrosa como Soldados. Tratamento que os diferencia dos Ex-combatentes , uma classe que a priori fora tratada como semelhante. O método de raciocínio e abordagem deste trabalho é delineado por meios de indução (método indutivo), o qual analisa dados de um caso particular para projetar uma realidade geral, num esforço analítico sistemático