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The purpose of this study was to implement pivotal response training (PRT) strategies paired with constant time delay (CTD) to teach an individual with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID) to self-initiate through question asking. A multiple probe across behaviors design was used to evaluate effectiveness of implementation. Results show that this naturalistic intervention is effective for some questions, while other questions need to be taught in more contrived scenarios.

We are currently in an era of accountability, so the need for measuring fidelity of implementation is gaining attention. However, there is little research in the area of fidelity of implementation and an inclusive early childhood classroom. In addition, most of the research is conducted using teachers. This study examined the fidelity of implementation by two teaching assistants using the teaching strategies of time delay and system of least prompts with children with and without disabilities in an inclusive early childhood setting. A multiple-probe design with conditions across two behaviors and across two participants design was used to determine the effects of teaching assistants’ fidelity of implementation of evidence-based teaching strategies. Also a multiple probe across two behaviors, replicated across children was used. Most importantly, the results showed that teaching assistants could implement systematic teaching strategies with fidelity. Secondly, the children were able to make progress towards their target skills.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Cristina Marques.pdf: 1583337 bytes, checksum: 89fc35b70bc25acc6534461616827a7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-05 / This study evaluated three procedures to teach single digit addition to three children diagnosed with Autism. It was intended to specifically compare a parallel design of independent variables for the three procedures including Constant Time Delay, Simultaneous Prompting and No-No Prompting. With the simultaneous model, a matching procedure was used to train the children to point to the sum (model) when given a field of three numbers to compare, one being the correct answer. Prior to teaching, a complete probe of all additions of all blocks was implemented to determine baseline levels. Then the children were taught three additions in each block for each procedure, ensuring that the number of training trials for all teaching sessions remained constant for each procedure in each session. Daily probes were also conducted, as they were considered the most effective to achieve 100% accuracy in three consecutive daily sessions. Results indicate that the Constant Time Delay procedure was the most effective for teaching two participants whereas Simultaneous Prompting was most effective for the other participant. Theses results also demonstrate the need for more comparative studies to further evaluate the optimal teaching procedure / Este estudo ensinou somas por meio dos procedimentos Atraso de Tempo Constante, Simultaneous Prompting e No-No Prompting para três crianças com diagnóstico de autismo. Utilizou-se o emparelhamento com o modelo simultâneo no qual as crianças foram treinadas a apontar o resultado de uma soma (modelo) quando apresentados três números comparação, sendo um deles a resposta correta. O presente estudo pretendeu comparar por meio de um delineamento de tratamento paralelo de variáveis independentes os três procedimentos. Foram ensinadas três somas em cada bloco para cada procedimento. O número de tentativas nas sessões de ensino permanecia o mesmo em cada sessão para cada procedimento. Antes do início do ensino era aplicada uma sonda completa composta por todas as somas de todos os blocos. Também foram realizadas sondas diárias. Considerava-se mais eficaz o procedimento de ensino que atingisse 100% de acertos em três sessões diárias consecutivas. Os resultados mostraram que o procedimento Atraso de Tempo Constante foi o mais efetivo para o ensino desta tarefa para dois participantes e o Simultaneous Prompting para um participante. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de mais estudos comparativos de procedimentos de ensino

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an intervention package that included constant time delay (CTD) and sentence frames on correct word selection for sentences constructed using technology-aided instruction (TAI) during and following a story-based lesson (SBL) for participants ages 6-8 who have intellectual disability, developmental delays, and autism (IDD). A multiple probe across participants design was used to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention. Probes were conducted during baseline, intervention, generalization, and maintenance phases to determine the effectiveness of the intervention on correct word selection for sentence construction. Results indicate a functional relation between the intervention package on correct word selection for sentence construction during a shared story. Additionally, the Percent of Nonoverlapping Data (PND) indicate overall strong effects. Finally, students were able to demonstrate both generalization and maintenance of skills.