No description available.

Dans le cadre de la réception de l’ouvrage, le législateur est comme ce compositeur, cet écrivain qui compose des musiques pour l’un et rédige des manuscrits pour l’autre. Par la conceptualisation de la réception de l’ouvrage, il entend marquer la césure avec les concepts juridiques avoisinants tels que la livraison, l’achèvement... Des aspects techniques de la réception de l’ouvrage, la loi prévoit entre autre une approbation amiable ou, à défaut judiciaire mais en tout état de cause contradictoire. Sur le plan fonctionnel, l’acte juridique unilatéral de réception est présenté comme le sésame d’une pléthore d’effets de droit. Face à l’ensemble de ces données juridiques, les praticiens du droit sont quant à eux des interprètes ou éditeurs. En studio d’enregistrement ou dans la maison d’édition, l’interprète ou l’éditeur apprécie la composition, l’œuvre littéraire élaborée en vue de l’approuver, la désapprouver, proposer des aménagements ou encore combler des carences. Dans le cadre du droit de la construction, comme vêtus d’un manteau réversible, les praticiens du droit agissent à la fois en qualité d’avocat et de procureur. Le procès de la réception de l’ouvrage fait globalement état d’une perception légale empreinte de plasticité. Selon l’espèce, peuvent effectivement être décelés des rapports de symétrie entre la réception et les notions voisines. Dans les faits, l’observation de la technicité de la réception de l’ouvrage révèle de nouvelles modalités telles que la forme tacite de la notion de droit. En pratique, il ne se produit pas toujours un effet inhibiteur en l’absence de réception. L’achèvement de l’ouvrage fait souvent office d’ersatz de l’acte juridique de réception. Force est alors de constater que c’est en la synthèse de l’appréhension dogmatique du législateur et de l’appréhension pragmatique des praticiens du droit que réside le salut du concept juridique. / As part of the acceptance of the work, the legislator is like this composer, this writer who composes music for one and writes manuscripts for the other. By the conceptualization of the acceptance of the work, he intends to mark the caesura with the neighboring legal concepts such as delivery, completion... Of the technical aspects of the acceptance of the work, the law foresees inter alia an amicable approval or, in its absence a court order, but in any case contradictory. Functionally, the unilateral act of acceptance of work is presented as the cornerstone of a plethora of legal effects. Faced with all of this legal data, law practitioners are interpreters or publishers. In the recording studio or in the publishing house, the interpreter or publisher appreciates the composition, the literary book elaborated for the purpose of approving, disapproving, proposing adjustments or filling gaps. In the context of construction law, as they wear a reversible coat, they act both as a lawyer and a prosecutor. The lawsuit of the acceptance of the work globally states of a legal perception marked with plasticity. According to the trial can be revealed a symmetry between the acceptance and the nearby notions. In reality, observation of the technicality of the acceptance of the work reveals new modalities such as the tacit shape of the legal notion. In practice, it does not still occur an inhibitor impact in the absence of acceptance. Often, the completion of the work acts as ersatz of the legal act of acceptance. It must therefore be concluded that it is in the synthesis of the dogmatic apprehension of the legislator and the pragmatic apprehension of law practitioners that the safety of the legal concept resides.

Comparative research is undertaken on certain aspects of standard forms of building contract claims within the framework of Scottish, English and Malaysian laws. This thesis examines 'consideration' and '<i>jus quaesitum tertio</i>' in contract to provide an alternative to negligence actions in tort for claims arising out of defects in building. Issues pertaining to 'Practical Completion' and 'Final Certificate' in JCT 80, JCT 63 and PAM69 standard forms are studied to settle the difference between the practice in the building industry and the legal expectation. An examination on the validity of 'automatic determination' clause is made and a revision is suggested. An old Scottish case, <i>Arthur de Mornay Bidoulac and others v. James Kidd (Sinclair's Trustee</i>) (1889) 17 R 144, is analysed in this context. Arbitration, being a preferred method of settling disputes, is comparatively analysed in relation to the powers of the court to supervise and hear appeals therefrom. A claim for economic loss in tort relating to defective works is examined in the light of <i>Murphy v. Brentwood District Council</i> [1990] 2 All ER 908. <i>Junior Books Ltd. v. Veitchi Co. Ltd</i>. 1982 SLT 492, [1982] 3 All ER 201 (HL) is defended as a sound authority for the recovery of pure economic loss by an employer from a third party specialist subcontractor. The English Defective Premises Act 1972 is examined in search of a better approach to the situation in Malaysia. The law relating to prescription and limitation period is analysed. Malaysia still enforces the law disapproved in <i>Pirelli General Cable Works Ltd. v. Oscar Faber & Partners (a firm)</i> [1982] 3 All ER 201 (HL). The work identifies important issues relating to building contract claims and provisions in the laws that need to be addressed and attended to for future development.

In order for construction projects to be completed within the specified time limit while at the same time be financially sustainable it requires thorough preparation and an extensive planning. Most essential is the groundwork and the design that determines the project's progress. There are many aspects to consider in order to avoid inconveniences such as delay, litigation, unexpected cost etcetera. If mistakes are made in an early stage it is very likely that the error will follow the process and become an expensive correction cost towards the later part of the project. In other words, it is expensive to rectify defects later on. Many times more expensive than if the deficiencies can be found before the construction phase begins. It is up to the client to define what they want to have built. When the idea for a project has been brought to the client he/she must describe and explain the construction in detail. It is from these documents that contractors will base their tender in the hope of performing the contract. This basis is called for enquiry documents and includes specifications, blueprints and descriptions of the project. Inadequate enquiry documents may lead to major consequences. Consequences that often is easy to avoid through a detailed and thorough groundwork. That is unfortunately not the case in the construction industry today. This bachelor thesis is intended to analyse and identify the development of enquiry documents and investigate the common shortcomings. The work has been carried out for eleven weeks in collaboration with Skanska Sweden and creates an awareness and understanding of the enquiry documents value to the reader in the industry. The study also deals with procurement process, which is the stage where the enquiry documents plays its part. Common deficiencies in the enquiry documents will be presented as a conclusion combined with the flaws impact on project time and project cost. Finally, there are also suggestions on how common deficiencies can be avoided.

This diploma thesis concentrates on approved inspector's activities and protection of the concerned persons' rights especially from the perspective of jurisprudence. Original intention of the legislator was to unburden the builders and building Authorities by introducing the possibility to use the authorised persons' services. That person was located on the border of private and public law. This status was not defined correctly by the lawmaker and it resulted in many legal disputes. It was necessary to react by adoption of the complex amendment. Aim of the thesis is to analyze the legislation and to pronounce if the original intention of the legislator was fulfilled. Also to proposese changes for the future legislation.

The aim of this thesis named "So called black construction and their legal fate" is to provide a complex view on issues concerning black constructions in accordance with new trends in the Czech construction law. The new trends in the Czech construction law relates especially to the concept amendment of the Building Act made by Act No. 350/2012 Coll., on amendment of Planning and Building Regulation (Building Act), as amended. The further aim of this thesis is to trace the problematic issues concerning black constructions and try to suggest the solutions of these problematic issues de lege ferenda. The principle of a protection of an ownership is being compared against the principle of a public interest in the first chapter. These principles clash against each other in the issue and disputes related to black constructions. The following second chapter is dedicated to the definition of a construction in the legal manner. In the third chapter are being presented legal titles of a construction right. The next chapter deals with the process of the discharge and dissolution of a construction right and genesis of a black construction. The fifth part is dedicated to the definition of a black construction and the differentiation of the black construction from an illegal building in the manner of civil law...

This diploma thesis is focused on legal aspects of a private and public construction law from builder's perspective with a special emphasis on several current issues of Czech legislation and jurisprudence. As its name suggests this thesis is divided into two parts which corresponds to construction entitlement and construction permit. The first part of the thesis is comparison of terms land and building within different legal regulations. These two terms are highly important because they represent a normative basis for the issue. Subsequently, the most frequent private- law titles, entitling the construction of a building, together with the institutions of usucaption and the problem of unauthorized construction, which are very closely related to these titles, are analyzed. The core of this thesis is the second part, dealing with spatial planning, planning proceeding and construction permitting. These partial problems are analyzed in a timeline as they naturally follow from one viewpoint of the builder. While less emphasis is placed on spatial planning and construction permits, a deeper analysis is devoted to the planning proceeding. This fact has its merit, because from the procedural point of view, the planning proceeding is of the greatest importance and also has a close connection with a...

Darbe nagrinėjami šalių bendradarbiavimo pareigos vykdant statybos rangos sutartį teoriniai ir praktiniai aspektai. Pirmoje darbo dalyje siūlomas šios pareigos apibrėžimas, klasifikuojami pareigą sudarantys elementai, aptariama pareigos apimtis, ribos, reikšmė. Bendradarbiavimo pareiga statybos rangos atžvilgiu suprantama labai plačiai, kaip apimanti įvairaus pobūdžio šalių veiksmus, būtinus, kad būtų pasiektas statybos rangos sutarties tikslas. Antroji darbo dalis skirta praktiniams aptariamos pareigos aspektams ir su jais susijusioms problemoms aptarti. Šioje dalyje nagrinėjami šalių bendradarbiavimo pareigos klausimai susiję su statybos leidimo pateikimu, statybvietės sąlygomis, darbų atlikimu su užsakovo medžiagomis, projektinės dokumentacijos pateikimu ir pranešimu apie jos klaidas, neatitikimus, darbų perdavimu – priėmimu, darbų pakeitimais ir t.t. Darbe kritiškai vertinamas kai kurių statybos rangos sutarties sričių teisinis reguliavimas Lietuvoje, t.y. atsakomybės neproporcingas paskirstymas tuo atveju, kai darbai atliekami su užsakovo pateiktomis netinkamomis medžiagomis, atliktų darbų perdavimo – priėmimo kriterijai ir t.t. Analizuojami klausimai dėl užsakovo ir genrangovo teisės kontroliuoti darbus, o būtent tai, kad darbų kontrolė yra tapusi ne teise, o pareiga. Aptariami kiti veiksniai įtakojantys statybos rangos sutarties šalių bendradarbiavimą vykdant statybos rangos sutartį. Trečioje darbo dalyje pristatoma alternatyvi šalių bendradarbiavimą statybos rangos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This master thesis analyses practical and theoretical aspects concerning the parties’ obligation to cooperate in the performance of a construction contract. The first part of the work proposes the definition of such obligation, discuses the extent and limits of this obligation, also classifies its elements. The parties’ obligation to cooperate in the performance of a construction contract is understood very broadly and includes all reasonable actions of a party necessary to be taken in order to achieve the goals of the construction contract. The second part of the work analyses the practical aspects of the obligation and the problems that surround it. This part particularly deals with the questions of the cooperation concerning the delivery of the permission to build, the site conditions, delivery of the design projects and the contractor’s obligation to warn about any discrepancies therein, taking over of the works and so on. The work presents a critical approach to some spheres of legal regulation in Lithuania, i.e. disproportion of the liability concerning the work done with inappropriate materials presented by the employer, the criteria of the works that have to be taken over and so on. Another point analysed is the right of the employer or the main contractor to control the works which has actually transformed into an obligation. Also other factors are analysed that have the influence on the cooperation between the parties in the performance of a construction contract... [to full text]

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 1992. / Title from web page (viewed on Mar. 4, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Esta dissertação se propõe a uma investigação científico-dogmática das demandas relativas às teses repetidas, isto é, de mesma fundamentação jurídica. Para tanto, a partir da concepção histórica do processo civil, desde o seu nascimento até a mudança de paradigma com o surgimento das ações de massa, refletiu-se a respeito da descrição das melhores técnicas, tendo sido várias delas já inseridas em nossa legislação, para que assim se realize o direito de massa como um modelo de processo diferente do individual e do coletivo. Introduziu-se a noção de um processo de resultados práticos a partir da releitura do procedimento para casos diferenciados, de modo a ocorrer maior racionalização dos julgamentos. Também foi analisado o uso dos precedentes judiciais e suas variantes como meio de unificação da jurisprudência, o que denota maior aproximação ao direito de família do Common Law. A partir da demonstração de tais premissas, concluímos que é possível a construção de uma dogmática própria para as ações de massa, pois crucial para garantir maior segurança jurídica nas soluções de casos análogos. / This dissertation aims to research scientific-dogmatic of demands conceming repeated theses, in other words, with the same legal reasoning. Therefore, from the historical conception of civil procedure, from its birth to the paradigm shift with the emergence of mass action, reflected about the best techniques that were able to make the mass right as a model process other than the individual and the collective. Introduced the notion of a process of practical results from the rereading of the procedure for different cases in order to occur a greater rationalization of the judgments. Also discussed was the use of judicial precedents and its variants as a means of unification of the jurisprudence, which denotes closer to family law in the Common Law. After the demonstration of such assumptions, concluded that it is possible to construct a particular dogmatic for mass actions, as crucial to ensure greater legal certainty in the solutions of similar cases.