by Iu Ho Tsz Carmen & Tam Suk Yan Tammy. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-132). / abstract --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.viii / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- Literature Review --- p.5 / Chapter III. --- Background --- p.11 / Chapter IV. --- Hypotheses --- p.18 / Chapter V. --- Methodology --- p.25 / Content Analysis --- p.26 / Information Content --- p.26 / Emotional Appeal --- p.26 / Sex Appeal --- p.27 / Selection of Magazines --- p.28 / Selection of Advertisements --- p.29 / Evaluation of Advertisements --- p.29 / Survey --- p.30 / Chapter VI. --- Results --- p.32 / Content Analysis --- p.32 / General Magazine Profile --- p.32 / General Presentation of Advertisements --- p.33 / Proportion of Advertising Product Category in Women's Magazines --- p.33 / Color and Size --- p.34 / lmage Model --- p.35 / Contact Methods --- p.36 / Information Content --- p.37 / Emotional Appeal --- p.42 / Use of Sex Appeal --- p.44 / Survey --- p.46 / Reading Habit --- p.46 / Advertising Effectiveness --- p.49 / Information Content --- p.49 / Emotional Appeal --- p.52 / Perception Towards Sex Appeal --- p.56 / Definition of Sex Appeal --- p.56 / Impression on Sex Appeal --- p.58 / Comparison of Feelings --- p.59 / Chapter VII. --- Discussions And Implications --- p.61 / General --- p.61 / Advertisers' Selection of Magazines --- p.61 / Necessities of Contact Modes --- p.62 / Information Content --- p.63 / Text Level vs. Information Level --- p.66 / Usefulness vs. Attractiveness of Advertisements --- p.66 / Emotional Appeal --- p.66 / Sex Appeal --- p.67 / Women's Perceptions of Sex Appealin Print Advertisements --- p.67 / Appropriateness/Acceptance Level of the Use of Sex Appeal --- p.68 / Acceptance Level of Sex Appeal vs. Age --- p.69 / Sex Appeal vs. Nudity --- p.69 / Limitations --- p.70 / APPENDIX --- p.72 / bibliography --- p.124

The paper presents a review of 128 studies on the behavior of older consumers published in the last 35 years (from 1980 to 2014) in 35 peer-reviewed journals. The purpose of the procedure is twofold: First, we aim to summarize results on agerelated changes in consumer research. Second, by doing so, we evaluate the relative importance of age-related factors (chronological, biological, psychological, and social age as wells as life events and life circumstances) in research on older consumers. Results of the review show that research on older consumers is still dominated by investigations using chronological age. Influences of other aspects of the aging process, although recommended by previous research reviews and providing valuable insights, are still playing a minor role in the investigation of consumer behavior. Research with alternative age measures is still in an early, exploratory stage and future studies should include specific aspects as well as multitheoretical models of aging.

This dissertation contains three essays in Economic Theory. The first chapter relates to information economics and mechanism design: it studies the inefficiencies that arise from delegating information acquisition to an uninterested agent. The second and third chapter are essays in decision theory and explore the behavioral implications of certain types of incomplete preferences. In the first chapter, a principal hires an agent to acquire costly information that will influence the decision of a third party. While the realized piece of information is observable and contractible, the experimental process is not. Assuming a general family of information cost functions (inclusive of Shannon’s mutual information), we show that the first best is achievable when the agent has limited liability or when he is risk averse, in contrast to standard moral hazard models. However, when the agent is risk averse and has limited liability, efficiency losses arise generically. Specifically, we show that the principal obtains his first best outcome if and only if she intends to implement a ”symmetric” experiment, i.e. one in which the cost of generating each piece of evidence is the same. On the other hand, ”asymmetric” experiments that are relatively uninformative with high probability but occasionally produce conclusive evidence will bear large agency costs. In the second chapter, we define an elimination rule as a binary relation that is reflexive and has no strict cycle. We study the behaviors of decision makers that can be represented by certain types of menu dependent elimination rules: upward refinements, in which the elimination rule becomes more complete as the choice set grows and are consistent with the decision maker extracting increasingly more information from bigger sets; and downward refinements, in which the elimination rule shrinks as the choice set grows, and that are consistent with choice overload phenomena. Finally, we study the behavior of a decision maker with incomplete preference who uses a heuristic rule to select an arbitrary subsets of undominated elements in each choice set. We show how to use this framework to identify all choice data consistent with a certain behavioral bias, by illustrating it with both the compromise effect and the attraction effect. In the third chapter, we introduce the notion of revealed betweenness for partial orders of dimension two, i.e. that are the intersection of two linear orders: how to identify solely from binary comparisons which of three mutually incomparable alternatives is ranked as the middle one for both linear orders. We use it to provide a new set of sufficient conditions for a partial order to be of order dimension two or less, by applying a characterization of a particular class of ternary relations: betweenness relations. We finally address the issue of identifiability of this pair of criteria.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aspirational and dissociative reference group influence on consumer behavior. There are two ways in which behavior is influenced by reference groups. First, reference groups influence aspiration levels and therefore play a major role in producing satisfaction or frustration. Second, reference groups influence kinds of behavior, i.e., they establish approved patterns of behavior.

Law, Ka Lai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-86). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (English) --- p.2 / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.3 / Dedication --- p.4 / Acknowledgements --- p.5 / Table of Contents --- p.6 / List of Tables --- p.8 / List of Figures --- p.9 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.10 / Chapter 1.0 --- Overview --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Objectives --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of This Thesis --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4 --- Organization of The Thesis --- p.13 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review & Model Development --- p.14 / Chapter 2.0 --- Overview --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1 --- Literature Review on Licensing Effect --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Components of Licensing Effect --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Licensing Effect and Its Mediator --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Rejection of Alternative Explanations --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Literature Review on Guilt-Reduction Mechanism --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Guilt --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Guilt-Reduction Mechanisms --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3 --- Conceptual Model and Hypotheses --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Conceptual Model --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Hypotheses --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Research Methodology --- p.28 / Chapter 3.0 --- Overview --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Design --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2 --- Pretest --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Relative Luxury Items --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Scenario Development --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Questionnaire Development --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Procedures --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3 --- Main Study --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Participants --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Design --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Materials --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Scenarios --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Manipulation Checks --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- "Dependent, Mediator and Other Measures" --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Procedures --- p.41 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Results And Discussion --- p.43 / Chapter 4.0 --- Overview --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1 --- Manipulation Checks --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2 --- Reliability and Validity of Scales --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Reliability Analysis --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Construct Validity --- p.45 / Chapter 4.3 --- Hypothesis Testing --- p.47 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- MANOVA --- p.47 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- MANOVA by Path Analysis --- p.51 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussions --- p.57 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.58 / Chapter 5.0 --- Overview --- p.58 / Chapter 5.1 --- Contributions --- p.58 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Theoretical Contribution --- p.58 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Managerial Contribution --- p.59 / Chapter 5.2 --- Limitations --- p.60 / Chapter 5.3 --- Future Research Directions --- p.61 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusion --- p.62 / Appendix --- p.63 / References --- p.82

Dissertation : Berlin :Freie Universitat Berlin, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 254-294)

<p>Several researches show that the advertisements play an important role on customers choosing goods or services and especially are more effective on children as consumer. Advertising is to offer them about new products. This study‟s‟ approach is examine if the TV advertisements affects consumers. This study will be a qualitative approach will be done with 20 respondents, and the respondents are in the ages 12-21 and 45-55.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rhode Island, 2006. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-148).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago Graduate School of Business, December 1998. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- American University, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 221-258). Also available on the Internet.