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Submitted by Odilio Hilario Moreira Júnior (odilio@espm.br) on 2016-11-29T11:48:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana R Gomes Amorim.pdf: 3472009 bytes, checksum: 8209d3401639ca2f42fae13b68aac31a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Odilio Hilario Moreira Júnior (odilio@espm.br) on 2016-11-29T11:48:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana R Gomes Amorim.pdf: 3472009 bytes, checksum: 8209d3401639ca2f42fae13b68aac31a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Cristina Bonfim Aquarone (deborabonfim@espm.br) on 2016-11-29T11:50:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana R Gomes Amorim.pdf: 3472009 bytes, checksum: 8209d3401639ca2f42fae13b68aac31a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-29T11:50:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana R Gomes Amorim.pdf: 3472009 bytes, checksum: 8209d3401639ca2f42fae13b68aac31a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-17 / The object of this dissertation is the consumption of cultural goods and its relations with the media, using Casa do Saber as a start point, an institution that offers arts, philosophy, drama, music an science courses in an extra academic space. With the objective to broach the role of media in glamorization process of the consumption of cultural goods –the theoretical concepts of Pierre Bourdieu is used in this paper – in a first part, we show how the consumption of these goods are present in the legitimation and identity’s construction process of the agents/consumers and how the valuation process occurs, which means the ethical aspects of this kind of consumption. In the second part of this dissertation we set our focus in the media and its reception of the agents/consumers. We research the aspects of the media’s production and afterward analyze its reception. In this part, we also work the aspects of production and reproduction of a “legitimate culture”, analyzing how this culture is offered an which are its definition criteria. Using a qualitative methodology for this investigation, joining the direct observation and in depth interview, we could perceive the media as more than a glamorizing instance of the consumption of cultural goods; its acts permeating the social relations in the institution and constitutes one kind of capital for the agents of this specific field. / O objeto de estudo desta dissertação é o consumo de bens culturais e suas relações com a mídia a partir da Casa do Saber, instituição que oferece cursos livres em um espaço extra-acadêmico nas áreas de artes, filosofia, teatro, música, ciências, etc. Com o objetivo de abordar o papel da mídia na glamorização do consumo de bens culturais, analisamos - a partir dos conceitos do sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu - numa primeira parte, como o consumo destes bens está presente nos processos de legitimação e construção identitária dos agentes/consumidores da instituição e como se dá a valoração dos mesmos, ou seja, os aspectos éticos deste consumo. Já na segunda parte da dissertação olhamos para a mídia e sua recepção com os agentes/consumidores. Para tanto, averiguamos primeiramente os aspectos da produção midiática para posteriormente analisarmos sua recepção. Nesta parte também trabalhamos a produção e reprodução de uma “cultura legítima”, analisando como se dá a oferta desta cultura e quais são os seus critérios de definição. Usando uma metodologia qualitativa de investigação, unindo a observação participante e pesquisa em profundidade, vimos que a mídia é mais do que uma instância glamorizadora do consumo de bens culturais, ela atua permeando as relações sociais da instituição e constitui uma forma de capital para os agentes deste campo específico.

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das alltägliche Mediennutzungsverhalten von Flüchtlingen in Deutschland. Beispielhaft wurden dazu 140 Flüchtlinge in Teilen Sachsens schriftlich anhand standardisierter Fragebogen befragt. Ziel der explorativen Studie war es, ein differenziertes Abbild über die Mediennutzung von Flüchtlingen zu erhalten. Genauer gesagt ging sie der Frage nach, welche Medien Flüchtlinge im Alltag, in welchem Umfang und zu welchem Zweck nutzen. Neben einem an den tagesaktuellen Medien ausgerichteten Medienrepertoire waren im Rahmen der Erhebung Neue Medien von besonderem Interesse. Den Ausgangspunkt zur Formulierung des Forschungsgegenstandes bilden medien- und flüchtlingswissenschaftliche Theorien und Studien, sowie eine situative Betrachtung der in Sachsen lebenden Flüchtlinge. Im Ergebnis zeichneten sich ausgeprägte Mediennutzungspräferenzen hinsichtlich des Smartphones und damit verbunden dem Internet, sowie internetbasierter Anwendungen ab. Darüber hinaus schließt die allgemeine Mediennutzung von Flüchtlingen ein breit aufgestelltes Medienrepertoire aus klassischen und Neuen Medien ein. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse stellen eine Erweiterung der Wissensbasis zur bekannten Thematik dar und eröffnen dadurch Möglichkeiten, anhand derer beispielsweise auf die Entwicklung neuer Medieninhalte für die Zielgruppe Einfluss genommen werden kann.:ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS 5 TABELLENVERZEICHNIS 6 1 EINLEITUNG 6 1.1 Fragestellung 6 1.2 Erläuterung des Vorgehens 7 2 THEORETISCHE ANNAHMEN ZUR MEDIENNUTZUNG IM KONTEXT VON FLUCHT 8 2.1 Mediennutzungsforschung: Begriffe und Spezifikationen 8 2.1.1 Medien 8 2.1.2 Mediennutzung 13 2.1.3 Mediennutzungsforschung 14 2.2 Flüchtlinge als Forschungsobjekte 15 2.2.1 Der Flüchtlingsbegriff 15 2.2.2 Flüchtlingsforschung und ihre Relevanz 16 2.2.3 Flüchtlinge in Sachsen: eine situative Darstellung 18 2.3 Flüchtlinge und Medien – ein Forschungsüberblick 20 3 KONZEPTION UND METHODE DER STUDIE 24 3.1 Forschungsleitende Fragestellungen 25 3.2 Forschungsdesign 26 3.2.1 Datenerhebung mittels standardisierter schriftlicher Befragung 26 3.2.2 Population und Stichprobenauswahl 26 3.3 Fragebogenentwicklung und Operationalisierung 28 3.3.1 Formale Aspekte der Fragebogenentwicklung 28 3.3.2 Translation des Fragebogens 29 3.3.3 Inhaltliche Aspekte der Fragebogenentwicklung 32 3.4 Pre-Test 36 3.5 Durchführung 37 4 EMPIRISCHE ERGEBNISSE ZUR ALLTÄGLICHEN MEDIENNUTZUNG VON FLÜCHTLINGEN 39 4.1 Dateneingabe und Auswertungsmethode 39 4.2 Beschreibung der erhobenen Stichprobe 40 4.3 Darstellung und Interpretation der Ergebnisse 41 4.4 Ergänzende Auswertungen 51 5 SCHLUSSBETRACHTUNG 55 5.1 Methoden- und Ergebnisdiskussion 55 5.2 Ausblick 56 LITERATUR- UND QUELLENVERZEICHNIS 58 ANHANG 63 Ergänzende Tabellen A Anschreiben zur Probandenakquise B Fragebogen Deutsch C Fragebogen Englisch D Fragebogen Arabisch E Fragebogen Persisch (Farsi) F / The current study examines the everyday media usage behavior of refugees in Germany. As an example, 140 refugees in Saxony were surveyed by using standardized paper and pencil questionnaires. Objective of the project was to obtain a differentiated picture of the media usage behavior of refugees. More specifically, the study wants to investigate the question which media refugees use in their daily lives, to what extent and for what purpose. In addition to a media repertoire that was aimed at the daily media, the New Media were of special interest. The study is based on specific theories and reports on media research and refugee studies, as well as a situational view on refugees living in Saxony. As a result, there were noticeable media usage preferences with regard to smartphones and the Internet as well as internet-based applications. In addition, the general media usage of refugees includes a wide-ranging media repertoire of classical and New Media. The findings provide an extension to the knowledge base of the known subject and thus open up possibilities by which, for example, the development of new media content for the target group can be influenced.:ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS 5 TABELLENVERZEICHNIS 6 1 EINLEITUNG 6 1.1 Fragestellung 6 1.2 Erläuterung des Vorgehens 7 2 THEORETISCHE ANNAHMEN ZUR MEDIENNUTZUNG IM KONTEXT VON FLUCHT 8 2.1 Mediennutzungsforschung: Begriffe und Spezifikationen 8 2.1.1 Medien 8 2.1.2 Mediennutzung 13 2.1.3 Mediennutzungsforschung 14 2.2 Flüchtlinge als Forschungsobjekte 15 2.2.1 Der Flüchtlingsbegriff 15 2.2.2 Flüchtlingsforschung und ihre Relevanz 16 2.2.3 Flüchtlinge in Sachsen: eine situative Darstellung 18 2.3 Flüchtlinge und Medien – ein Forschungsüberblick 20 3 KONZEPTION UND METHODE DER STUDIE 24 3.1 Forschungsleitende Fragestellungen 25 3.2 Forschungsdesign 26 3.2.1 Datenerhebung mittels standardisierter schriftlicher Befragung 26 3.2.2 Population und Stichprobenauswahl 26 3.3 Fragebogenentwicklung und Operationalisierung 28 3.3.1 Formale Aspekte der Fragebogenentwicklung 28 3.3.2 Translation des Fragebogens 29 3.3.3 Inhaltliche Aspekte der Fragebogenentwicklung 32 3.4 Pre-Test 36 3.5 Durchführung 37 4 EMPIRISCHE ERGEBNISSE ZUR ALLTÄGLICHEN MEDIENNUTZUNG VON FLÜCHTLINGEN 39 4.1 Dateneingabe und Auswertungsmethode 39 4.2 Beschreibung der erhobenen Stichprobe 40 4.3 Darstellung und Interpretation der Ergebnisse 41 4.4 Ergänzende Auswertungen 51 5 SCHLUSSBETRACHTUNG 55 5.1 Methoden- und Ergebnisdiskussion 55 5.2 Ausblick 56 LITERATUR- UND QUELLENVERZEICHNIS 58 ANHANG 63 Ergänzende Tabellen A Anschreiben zur Probandenakquise B Fragebogen Deutsch C Fragebogen Englisch D Fragebogen Arabisch E Fragebogen Persisch (Farsi) F

This master's thesis focuses on the credibility of social media as news sources in journalistic practices in the Czech Republic. The paper is based on the sociological conceptualization of trust put forward by Niklas Luhmann and Piotr Sztompka and its modern adaptation by media scholars, e.g. Thorsten Quandt. The aim of this work has been to find out through thirteen substantive, one- on-one interviews with readers of the print and online media editions of Krkonošský deník how the credibility of news stories depend on the information sources used. The thesis includes the theoretical part that is based on the theoretical conceptualization of trust: from the main concepts and conflict topics to the journalistic practices that should ensure trustworthiness and audiences' perceptions of trustworthiness. The Methodology section describes the area of qualitative research and related procedures, which include a detailed description of the data collection method, which is a semi-structured, in-depth interview, and the characteristics of the research sample. In findings the results of the research from the data obtained through interviews conducted with respondents are interpreted. The conclusion of the thesis is dedicated to summarizing the research results.

For six decades, consumer researchers have relied heavily on Goffman's (1963) seminal work on stigma, often limiting themselves to a one-dimensional treatment of it as a static variable that determines the behaviour of homogenous groups. Such views, however, stand at odds with wider paradigm shifts away from modernity, and with feminist considerations about intersectionality. Most importantly, the dearth of studies examining the interplay between structural macro-dynamics and micro-level experiences has meant that rapid changes in societal attitudes have received insufficient attention. Considering the rise of minority portrayals in the past few years and importance of the media in dispersing and ameliorating stigma, there is a need to understand how media experiences differ across generations, sociocultural categories, and individual life-courses. Focusing on lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, and other (LGBTQ+) individuals, and building on Bauman's (2000) concept of liquid modernity as well as Bourdieu's (1994) theory of practice, this thesis explores how stigma experiences of two generations of LGBTQ+ consumers have changed, how this relates to their experiences of LGBTQ+ media portrayals, as well as what this tells us about how (marginalised) consumers navigate their lives and particularly the fragmentation of identity politics through (media) consumption. I followed an intersectional phenomenological enquiry, employing a meaning-based model of media experience that contributes to the literature by extending Mick and Buhl's (1992) work to account for considerations of intersectionality and intertextuality. Life story- and subsequent media experience interviews were analysed individually and across cases. The sample consisted of eight LGBTQ+ members of the Boomer- and ten of the Millennial generation. This study develops a theoretical framework of stigma as viscous instead of static: in constant flux due to the dynamic interplay between the doxic attitudes in social fields, as well as individual embodied dispositions, the stigma habitus. This provides a richer understanding of how it is enacted in consumer culture, enabling a critical analysis of the dialectic relationship between individuals and their environment. Through this framework, my study challenges generational accounts of difference, which are found to be too simplistic to account for diverging (media) experiences. Instead, it is the dialectic between context and (stigma) habitus that shapes dynamic experiences. For participants facing high levels of stigma viscosity, for example, LGBTQ+ portrayals seemed particularly important and experiences revolved around social acceptance. Moreover, lived experiences, as well as doxic beliefs about media, advertising, and a text's 'author' formed an intertextual frame of reference used to evaluate portrayals' authenticity and harmfulness. Importantly, participants' preference for or rejection of 'radical' vs heteronormative portrayals was shaped by tastes that have become naturalised in their habitus, with disparate doxic beliefs generating reflexive guilt and ambivalence. My findings suggest that stigma amelioration may ultimately lead to symbolic violence within the LGBTQ+ community against those who do not adhere to accepted consumption standards. This study also has implications for consumers more broadly as changes in viscosity affect consumption practices. Adhering to a critical approach, I describe a range of recommendations for practitioners and reflexive practices I engaged in following this study.

In my thesis, I have covered interviews with ten women - mothers who have decided to use for their babies a changing system of modern cloth diapers. For the topic I have used a qualitative sociological research strategy. The purpose of the received data from the interviews was to answer questions about motivations and reasons for the usage of this type of nappies and decide what benefits they see in them. As our society is used to disposable baby diapers and looks at them as a norm, I was interested in people's reactions, which these mothers have faced and how they have coped with. Finally, I have tried to find out the role of the internet and the social media in this matter. The theoretical part is devoted to the history of cloth and disposable diapers. There I have put into the context the issue of cloth diapers with the principles of sustainable development and responsible consumption. In the practical part I have carried out an analysis of ten semi-structured interviews with mothers who have been using cloth diapers for babies, along with examples of expressions of activities associated with cloth diapers in social media on the internet.