Tam, Hiu Wah. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Estimation with Known Misclassification Probabilities --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Model --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Maximum Likelihood Estimation --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3 --- Examples --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Example 1: A Real data set analysis --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Example 2: An Artificial Data for 3x3 Table --- p.11 / Chapter 3 --- Estimation by Double Sampling --- p.12 / Chapter 3.1 --- Estimation --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2 --- Example --- p.14 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Example 3: An Artificial Data Example for 3x3 Table --- p.14 / Chapter 4 --- Simulation --- p.15 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.17 / Table --- p.19 / Appendix --- p.27 / Bibliography --- p.41

Abstract not available

Due to rising standard of life in Taiwan, power consumption rose dramatically, power systems network are becoming complicated, thus serious impact increasingly. But for many Taipower on-site staffs, lack of blackout related experience and emergency plan. Therefore it is necessary to understand the weaknesses of Taipower systems and the cause and affect of accidental accidents over the years, to develop blackout emergency plan and minimum the loss. In July 29, 1999, Taiwan had occurred unprecedented collapse of the power transmission system in the midnight, caused the country blackouts, outages four-fifths of users in Taiwan, this was the biggest power rationing during the past 50 years. Then 921 Chichi earthquakes, Chung-Liao substation led to the dumping destroyed, caused more than two weeks of power rationing in northern Taiwan. Such comprehensive blackout in the high-tech industries economic pattern¡¦s country like ours, the losses caused of the economic impact is goes without saying. This Study is base on the ¡§Crisis Management¡¨ theory to explore the emergency response while the power outage occurs, and how to deal with the crisis issue. This thesis through data collected, literature review and in-depth interview results, analysis Taipower internal contingency handling mechanism through unpredicted natural disasters or artificial improper operation, intend for Taipower reference to construct a contingency mechanism for unexpected incident which triggered off a blackout accident.

This study investigates the degree of professionalization of human resource departments (HR departments) based on the contingency theory and institutional theory. Previous studies indicate that organizational structures are influenced by rational and institutional determinants. The requirement for increasing efficiency in organizations will drive the organizations to fit the rational determinants and demonstrate assorted structures. In contrast to the rational model, the motivation for acquiring legitimacy will drive organizations to conform to the institutional determinants and demonstrate similar structures under institutional pressure. Nevertheless, efficiency and legitimacy are not always contradictory. Organizations that share the same environment are believed to become structurally similar. By investigating the influence factors on the professionalization of HR departments, as well as how and why these influences work, this study can clarify the possible role of HR department in an organization. Extensive surveys and interviews have been conducted for this study. Specifically, one hundred and forty-four (144) questionnaires are collected from 517 Taiwanese public companies, representing a response rate of 27.85 %. Additionally, interviews are performed with qualified senior HR managers in selected companies. These interviews act to complement the surveys. The results show that the degree of professionalization in HR departments is influenced by both contingency and institutional factors. Environmental uncertainty and cost-driven strategy are two important contingency determinants. There are two possible institutional determinants. One is the mechanism of imitation by industrial trait, and the other is the normative pressure from professional HR groups. Furthermore, results demonstrate that the degree of professionalization of HR departments is higher in the electronic industry. This phenomenon may be due to the organization to deal with the high environmental varieties, to imitate successful organizations and to be influenced by professional HR groups. Since imitation is a strategy to face uncertainty, the higher degree of professionalization of HR department in this industry is not only a rational arrangement, but also helps the organization to acquire legitimacy. These findings reveal that HR department plays the roles to help the organization to increase efficiency and also to serve the motivation for legitimacy. The possible rationales for variations in the degree of professionalization among HR departments are discussed in this study. Finally, it points out that the increased professionalization will become increasingly important for Taiwanese HR departments as international competitions grow in the future.

This thesis serves auto part manufacturers as research objects, and categorizes them by market characters into types of OEM and AM strategy groups in order to discover the application differences in managerial control systems by group. This thesis aims at finding the relation between strategy group and their managerial control systems. This research took these firms¡¦ current application practices of managerial control systems as the cases. The outcomes of this study could provide a reference base for the management of underlying firms for the design and operation management of managerial control systems. This thesis developed related hypotheses via multiple case interview and questionnaire surveys with contingency point of view. The main hypotheses used in this study are: (1) Cost leadership group is facing a generally stable environment while differentiation group facing a generally uncertain environment, (2) Cost leadership group assumes less uncertainty in techniques, firms in this group aim at mass production while differentiation group assumes more uncertainty in techniques, aims at researching capacity, (3) Firms in cost leadership group have relatively formal, centralized and larger sized organizations while firms in differentiation group have flexible, decentralized and smaller sized organizations, and (4) Cost leadership firms value formal control, budgeting systems while differentiation firms value planning process and interpersonal control. Via interviews and questionnaires, the study discovered following points: OEM firms are categorized into cost leadership group, their managerial control systems think highly of cost budgeting and formal control; AM firms are categorized into differentiation group, their managerial control systems think highly of information process integration and participative budgeting. Gather quantitative information via mass amount of questionnaires is recommended. Researchers could also analyze and research further in practical realms through managerial control systems¡¦ tools in order to help forms design their tools for enhancing forms strategy implementation and objective attainment.

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η ανάλυση του δείγματος των ερωτηματολογίων ως εργαλείο μελέτης των παραγόντων που σχετίζονται μεταξύ τους και επηρεάζουν σημαντικά στην ίδρυση μιας μικρομεσαίας επιχείρησης. Το είδος και η μορφή των ερωτήσεων, μας οδηγούν αρχικά να διερευνήσουμε τις μεταβλητές μας μέσω πινάκων συνάφειας, καθώς οι εμπλεκόμενες μεταβλητές είναι κυρίως κατηγορικές. / The topic of the present thesis is, at a first stage, the evaluation of those questionnaires on the whole, as a tool of the study of the factors that may affect the establishment of a small and medium-sized enterprise. The type and the form of the questions initially lead us to introduce mainly categorical variables (nominal or ordinal) and to cross-classify them, forming thus contingency tables.

Increased impulsivity and alterations in reward sensitivity co-occur in many psychiatric disorders. Moreover, individuals reporting more impulsive traits are less efficient in learning stimulus-reward associations. This suggests that impulsivity and reward sensitivity may be linked, consistent with evidence that the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) is implicated in both processes. This study examined the relationship between impulsive traits, assessed by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and the Eysenck (EIQ), and performance on three behavioral tasks that measure impulsivity and reward sensitivity. The tasks included a Conditioned Pattern Preference (CPP) task, which measures the preference for abstract visual cues as an index of implicit emotional learning, a Probabilistic Reversal Learning (PRL) task that assessed the ability to alter behaviour when reward contingencies change and an Emotional Stroop task which assessed attentional control in response to emotionally salient stimuli. This study provided novel information on the relationship between processes that mediate impulsivity and reward sensitivity. In brief, subjects that were considered to have some explicit knowledge of experimental conditions showed a higher preference formation for the pattern paired with the reward on 90% of the conditioning trials. Although there was no overall effect of impulsivity, the medium impulsive group displayed the strongest preference formation (highest score for the 90% pattern and lowest score for the 10% pattern) compared to the low and high groups. Furthermore, there was an overall effect of Word Category in that participants made more errors for the emotional words (positive and negative) than the neutral words. There was no overall effect of Impulsivity on Stroop performance in this sample. Finally, for the PRL task more participants in the high impulsive group did not meet criterion for the Acquisition stage while more low impulsive subjects did not meet reversal criterion. Furthermore, high impulsive subjects made more overall errors in the Acquisition stage but not Reversal stage. In brief, low and high impulsive subjects performed sub-optimally on the CPP and PRL tasks but not on the Stroop task. This pattern reflects an inverted-U shaped relationship of the effects of impulsivity on associative learning. / Thesis (Master, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2010-02-05 13:33:27.076

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Notre Dame, 2009. / Thesis directed by Alfred Freddoso for the Department of Philosophy. "January 2009." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-171).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Apr. 22, 2009). Advisor: Nawal Ammar. Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-112).

The analysis of categorical data often leads to the analysis of a contingency table. For large samples, asymptotic approximations are sufficient when calculating p-values, but for small samples the tests can be unreliable. In these situations an exact test should be considered. This bases the test on the exact distribution of the test statistic. Sampling techniques can be used to estimate the distribution. Alternatively, the distribution can be found by complete enumeration. A new algorithm is developed that enables a model to be defined by a model matrix, and all tables that satisfy the model are found. This provides a more efficient enumeration mechanism for complex models and extends the range of models that can be tested. The technique can lead to large calculations and a distributed version of the algorithm is developed that enables a number of machines to work efficiently on the same problem.