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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Comunidade de joaninhas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) e aspectos fitot?cnicos da couve (Brassica oleraceae var. acephala) em cons?rcio com coentro (Coriandrum sativum), sob manejo org?nico. / Community of ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and cropping aspects of kale (Brassica oleraceae var. acephala) intercropped with coriander (Coriandrum sativum), under organic management.

Resende, Andr? Luis Santos 22 February 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008- Andre Luis Santos Resende01.pdf: 7392122 bytes, checksum: fd01e5b7d3b70d5a684bf2fec040cc46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The agroecological approaches of vegetable organic production presumed the design of more diversified production units over time and space, where the intercropped systems are included. One of these approaches is that the persistence, the abundance and the diversity of natural enemies that act in the insect-pest biological control are stimulated. In Brazil, despite of informal reports, such as personal communication, little has been recorded about the effects of intercropped systems in populations of insect pests and natural enemies. In this context, the present study has as objectives to determine the diversity and the community structure of the ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) associated with aphids in kale cultivated intercropped with coriander, and to evaluate the potential of coriander to provide the vital resources for survivor and reproduction of ladybirds, as well as evaluate the crop performance of this intercropped system, in agroecologically-based organic production system. The study was conducted in two consecutive years (2006 and 2007) in the experimental farm of integrated crop-livestock production called of Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica (SIPA) or Fazendinha Agroecol?gica km 47, localized in the municipality of Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where the experiments were carried out and involved the intercropped system of kale (Brassica oleraceae var. acephala D.C.) with coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in relation to kale in the monocrop system, in order to determine the diversity of ladybirds by collection of specimens through removal sampling and yellow sticky cards, as well as characterize the structure of their community by the faunistic analysis. The performance of intercropped system was also evaluated, determining the crop parameters of associated crops. A total of 25 ladybird species are present in the SIPA, but Hyperaspis (Hyperaspis) festiva Mulsant, Scymnus (Pullus) sp.3, Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) and Eriopis connexa Germar were more frequent species. There was no infestation by aphids in kale intercropped with coriander, which was used by the ladybirds as food site (resource of pollen, nectar and alternatives preys), oviposition site, refuge for larvae, pupae and adults, and mating site. As for the cropping parameters, the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) for the intercropped system of kale with coriander, taking into account the fresh mass yield, were superior in 92% (coriander harvested with 55 days after the sowing) and 85% (coriander allowed for flowering) in relation to monocrop system. The intercropped system of kale with coriander in the arrangement of one row of kale and four paralleled rows of coriander, harvesting the two central rows at 55 days after sowing and allowed the two rows in the border of the seedbed for flowering, do not cause increases of kale yield, but was effective in respect to land effective use and as strategy of ladybirds conservation in diversified production systems. / As abordagens agroecol?gicas de produ??o org?nica vegetal pressup?em o desenho das unidades de produ??o mais diversificado, no tempo e no espa?o, onde se inclui os cons?rcios de culturas, tamb?m conhecidos como policultivos. Um dos princ?pios dessa abordagem ? que atrav?s da diversifica??o dos cultivos, estimula-se a persist?ncia, a abund?ncia e a diversidade de inimigos naturais que atuam no controle biol?gico de insetos-pragas. No Brasil, apesar dos relatos informais, do tipo comunica??o pessoal, pouco tem sido registrado a respeito dos efeitos dos policultivos nas popula??es de insetos-pragas e inimigos naturais. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve por objetivos determinar a diversidade e a estrutura da comunidade de joaninhas predadoras (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) associados a pulg?es em couve, cultivada em cons?rcio com coentro, al?m de avaliar o potencial do coentro como provedor de recursos vitais para sobreviv?ncia e reprodu??o das joaninhas, assim como o desempenho fitot?cnico desse cons?rcio, em sistema de produ??o org?nica conduzido em bases agroecol?gicas. O estudo foi realizado em dois anos consecutivos (2006 e 2007) na unidade experimental de produ??o integrada lavoura-pecu?ria denominada de Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica (SIPA) ou Fazendinha Agroecol?gica km 47, localizada em Serop?dica (RJ), realizando experimentos que envolveram o cons?rcio couve (Brassica oleraceae var. acephala D.C.) com coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.) em compara??o com o monocultivo de couve, para determinar a diversidade de joaninhas por meio da coleta de indiv?duos atrav?s amostragens por remo??o e placas amarelas adesivas, bem como caracterizar a estrutura de sua comunidade por meio da an?lise faun?stica. O desempenho do cons?rcio foi tamb?m avaliado, determindo os par?metros fitot?cnicos das culturas associadas. Um total de 25 esp?cies de joaninhas est? presente no SIPA, mas Hyperaspis (Hyperaspis) festiva Mulsant, Scymnus (Pullus) sp.3, Cycloneda sanguinea (L.) e Eriopis connexa Germar foram as esp?cies mais frequentes na comunidade. N?o houve infesta??o por pulg?es na couve consorciada com coentro, o qual foi usado pelas joaninhas como s?tio de alimenta??o (fonte de p?len, n?ctar e presas alternativas), s?tio de oviposi??o, abrigo para larvas, pupas e adultos, al?m de s?tio de acasalamento. Quanto aos par?metros fitot?cnicos, o ?ndice de equival?ncia de ?rea (IEA) para os cons?rcios couve e coentro, considerando as produtividades de massa fresca, foram superiores em 92% (coentro colhido aos 55 dias ap?s a semeadura) e 85% (coentro deixado para florescer) em rela??o aos cultivos solteiros. O cons?rcio couve-coentro no arranjo de uma linha central de couve e quatro linhas paralelas de coentro, colhendo-se as duas centrais aos 55 dias ap?s a semeadura e deixando as duas linhas na borda do canteiro para florescer, n?o causa aumentos de produtividade da couve, mas mostra-se eficiente em termo do uso eficiente da terra e como estrat?gia de conserva??o de joaninhas nos sistemas de produ??o diversificados.

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