Adult marijuana users seeking treatment (N = 291) were randomly assigned to 3 treatment conditions: 1) a cognitive-behavioral relapse prevention support group (RPSG), 2) individualized assessment and advice group, and 3) delayed treatment control group. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of self-efficacy in goal setting and treatment outcomes based on self-stated goals (abstinence or moderation) for marijuana use. Measures of marijuana use, treatment goal, and self-efficacy for achieving one's goal were used. Goal choice was shown to influence treatment outcome such that, participants were more likely to achieve outcomes consistent with their treatment goal. The findings suggest that self-efficacy for goal achievement is more strongly related to outcomes for those with abstinence treatment goals, but appears to exert some effect across both goal types. / Master of Science

Aside from drug users who are addicted and sometimes need expert aid, there are also individuals who can prevent the unfavourable consequences of drug use, i.e. the controlled users. These users are concealed and official records about them do not exist. This diploma thesis deals with the controlled users and their social impact. During the recent years researchers focused mainly on the controlled use of hard drugs, such as heroin or cocaine, but there is still only a very few studies dealing with the controlled use of cannabis drugs. In the theoretical part of the work cannabis is characterised from general and botanical point of view and its basic kinds (cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, cannabis ruderalis) and forms (marijuana, bhang, bhang oil) are described. Next chapter is dedicated to a brief history of cannabis drugs in the world. Other discussed topics are cannabis as a remedy as well as health consequences of cannabis drugs use. Next, the most frequent social circumstances which can cause an individual to start taking cannabis drugs are described and a typology of cannabis drugs users is introduced. The last chapter deals with the theoretical models of controlled drug use and the theory of controlled drug use in general. The aim of the work was to find out what relationship the controlled users of cannabis substances have to the respective drug. Two research questions were formulated. The first one is about whether the cannabis drug use caused any significant change in the lives of controlled users or not. The second one's purpose is to find out when it is not suitable for the controlled users of cannabis drugs to use the drug. The research sample consisted of 12 communication partners from Pilsen, seven male and five female, in the age between 21 and 35 years. The communication partners were selected for the research by snowball method. Only those individuals who were over 18 and have at least two year experience with the respective substance were selected for the research to ensure that only controlled users and no experimental users are included. Another condition was at least ten separate experiences with the use of respective drug. Individuals under research must not have suffered any damage from the cannabis drug use and must not have undergone any drug addiction treatment. The communication partners also must not have been legally prosecuted with regard to drugs. The research took place between January and April 2015. The empirical part of the work is based on a qualitative research. Data were collected via narrative interviews. In the course of this type of interview the individual under study is encouraged to narrate freely. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and are enclosed in the attachments section of the work. The data obtained from the interviews were compiled via anchored theory. The first two degrees of coding were employed in the work open coding and axial coding. The work can serve as a practical guide for cannabis drug users to become controlled users of these substances or to achieve total abstinence. It can also be used to provide complex information about the topic to general public.

Desde a entrada do crack no cenário mundial, pesquisas nesta área geralmente tendem a focar no uso problemático, visto como resultado da perda de controle do uso da substância com interferência para vida social e privada do usuário. Vários estudos são desenvolvidos com pessoas que estão em tratamento ambulatorial ou internados. Outros focam nas cenas de uso público, como a Cracolândia, mas sem dissociar: uso da substância, e, viver em situação de rua (que, por si só, tal situação traz grandes prejuízos à saúde). Tendo isso em conta, a perspectiva desse estudo é de colocar em discussão a afirmação de que o uso do crack se daria sem nenhum controle por parte dos envolvidos nesta prática. Deste modo, propõe-se a investigar a existência de padrões de controle e autocuidados no contexto desse uso e os significados a ele atribuídos. Visa, também, examinar em que medida os usos problemáticos (associados às cenas de uso públicos), e, a produção de discursos morais e estigmatizantes performam as experiências dos usuários de crack de uso não visível. Identificar os diferentes padrões de uso e as estratégias desenvolvidas para um uso controlado, tendo em consideração o conhecimento construído pelos usuários, é importante para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas mais eficazes e que respeitem os direitos e a autonomia dos usuários quer tenham desenvolvido problemas com o uso ou não / Since the worldwide appearance of crack, research in this area generally tends to focus on problematic crack use, as seen as a result of the loss of control of the use of the substance with interference to the users social and private life. A variety of studies is done with people who are in outpatient or inpatient treatment. Other studies focus on scenes of public use, such as Cracolândia, but without dissociating the use of the substance from living in a street situation that in itself causes great harm to health. Taking this into account, the perspective of this study is to put in discussion the assertion that the use of crack would occur without any control on the part of those involved in this practice. In this way, it proposes to do research on the existence of control and self-care patterns in the context of this use and the meanings assigned to it. It also aims to examine the extent to which problematic uses, associated with public use scenes, and the production of moral and stigmatizing discourses, perform the experiences of crack users of non-visible use. Identifying the different usage patterns and developed controlled use strategies, thereby taking into account the knowledge built up by the users, is important for the development of public policies that are more effective and that respect the rights and autonomy of users regardless of whether or not they have developed drug using problems

Desde a entrada do crack no cenário mundial, pesquisas nesta área geralmente tendem a focar no uso problemático, visto como resultado da perda de controle do uso da substância com interferência para vida social e privada do usuário. Vários estudos são desenvolvidos com pessoas que estão em tratamento ambulatorial ou internados. Outros focam nas cenas de uso público, como a Cracolândia, mas sem dissociar: uso da substância, e, viver em situação de rua (que, por si só, tal situação traz grandes prejuízos à saúde). Tendo isso em conta, a perspectiva desse estudo é de colocar em discussão a afirmação de que o uso do crack se daria sem nenhum controle por parte dos envolvidos nesta prática. Deste modo, propõe-se a investigar a existência de padrões de controle e autocuidados no contexto desse uso e os significados a ele atribuídos. Visa, também, examinar em que medida os usos problemáticos (associados às cenas de uso públicos), e, a produção de discursos morais e estigmatizantes performam as experiências dos usuários de crack de uso não visível. Identificar os diferentes padrões de uso e as estratégias desenvolvidas para um uso controlado, tendo em consideração o conhecimento construído pelos usuários, é importante para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas mais eficazes e que respeitem os direitos e a autonomia dos usuários quer tenham desenvolvido problemas com o uso ou não / Since the worldwide appearance of crack, research in this area generally tends to focus on problematic crack use, as seen as a result of the loss of control of the use of the substance with interference to the users social and private life. A variety of studies is done with people who are in outpatient or inpatient treatment. Other studies focus on scenes of public use, such as Cracolândia, but without dissociating the use of the substance from living in a street situation that in itself causes great harm to health. Taking this into account, the perspective of this study is to put in discussion the assertion that the use of crack would occur without any control on the part of those involved in this practice. In this way, it proposes to do research on the existence of control and self-care patterns in the context of this use and the meanings assigned to it. It also aims to examine the extent to which problematic uses, associated with public use scenes, and the production of moral and stigmatizing discourses, perform the experiences of crack users of non-visible use. Identifying the different usage patterns and developed controlled use strategies, thereby taking into account the knowledge built up by the users, is important for the development of public policies that are more effective and that respect the rights and autonomy of users regardless of whether or not they have developed drug using problems

This paper deals with selected conditions of good practice of the Department of Social-legal Protection of Children (OSPOD) in the current system of care for children at risk and their families. Currently, this system finds itself in the early stage of transformation. Its starting point is the trans-sectoral "National action plan for the transformation and unification of the system of care for children at risk for the period 2009-2011" (NAP). NAP is a set of key measures in the form of visions, among which an idea of OSPOD as a core body of multidisciplinary cooperation stands out. This thesis addresses the cooperation of OSPOD with other subjects in practice. The first chapter identifies key concepts; other chapters analyze specific areas of cooperation of OSPOD (multidisciplinary cooperation, social planning, cooperation with clients) and highlight the potential risks and opportunities. The thesis closes with a research, which aims to find examples of good practice in OSPOD in the Central Bohemian Region in the Czech Republic.

Au début des années 1970, les travailleurs de l'amiante de Thetford Mines et d'Asbestos ont entrepris un combat pour assainir leurs milieux de travail et leurs villes, dans lesquelles les mines étaient imbriquées. À Thetford Mines, ils ont mené une longue grève de sept mois et demi qui a conduit à la mise sur pied du Comité d'étude sur la salubrité dans l'industrie de l'amiante, puis, avec l'élection du jeune Parti québécois, à la Loi sur la santé et la sécurité du travail qui introduisait les principes de l'élimination des dangers à la source et de la participation des travailleurs à son application. La crédibilité de leurs syndicats s'en trouvait renforcée. Mais bientôt la montée d'un mouvement international visant à bannir l'amiante et la crise économique du début des années 1980 allaient porter un dur coup à l'industrie et entrainer un déclin que rien ne pourrait arrêter. Les travailleurs miniers, qui s'étaient unis contre leurs employeurs et parfois contre l'État dans leur combat pour la santé, s'allièrent dès lors à leurs entreprises et aux pouvoirs publics pour promouvoir le minéral et tenter de préserver leurs emplois et la vitalité de leurs régions. Ils n'ont jamais envisagé l'arrêt de la production d'amiante car ils ont toujours considéré qu'il est possible d'en maitriser les risques et ils défendirent bec et ongles leur produit en arguant du caractère sécuritaire de ses utilisations modernes, malgré un consensus international grandissant à l'encontre de cette thèse. / The asbestos workers in the cities of Thetford Mines and Asbestos launched a campaign for better working conditions and healthier living conditions despite the entanglement of the mines in the heart of their cities, in the early 1970s. The unions in Thetford Mines together led a long, seven-and-a-half month strike, which culminated with the establishment of a committee on hygiene in the asbestos industry (Comité d’étude sur la salubrité dans l’industrie de l’amiante), and then, with the election of the young Parti Québécois, with a new occupational safety and health law which implemented the principles of eliminating dangers at their source, as well as that of worker participation in the endeavour. The asbestos unions had become credible political players. But the rise of an international movement to ban asbestos, along with the economic crisis of the early 1980s, dealt a crushing blow to the industry from which it would never recover. The miners, who had come together to take on their employers - and the government in some cases – to better their health, soon sided with industry and the public authorities to promote asbestos as a way to preserve their jobs and the life of their surrounding areas. They had never considered ceasing asbestos production because they believed the hazards could be controlled, and they persisted in their steadfast defense of the safety of the product even as an international consensus formed against this thesis.