O carcinoma epidermóide (CE) representa mais de 90% das neoplasias malignas encontradas na boca. Em casos avançados, quando o controle locoregional já não é possível somente com o tratamento cirúrgico mais a radioterapia, a quimioterapia adjuvante e neoadjuvate torna-se uma importante modalidade de tratamento para aumentar a qualidade de vida e sobrevida desses pacientes. Eventos moleculares que ocorrem durante a carcinogênese assemelham-se àqueles observados no processo da inflamação. Dessa forma, o estudo de substâncias anti-inflamatórias pode ser um importante caminho para o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de novos agentes quimioterápicos para o câncer. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar uma possível ação antineoplásica de 2 anti-inflamatórios naturais (óleos de Copaiba e Andiroba) e um sintético (Dexametasona) numa linhagem de carcinoma epidermóide de orofaringe (FaDu), além de verificar se há uma correlação da expressão da proteína NFkB (fator de transcrição de genes envolvidos nos processos de carcinogênese e inflamação) com a inibição da proliferação celular. Para tanto, foram feitas análises quantitativas (curvas de crescimento, curva de viabilidade celular e Western Blot) e qualitativas (imunofluorescência) antes e depois do tratamento celular com os fármacos. O grupo controle foi representado pelas mesmas células (FaDu) cultivadas na ausência dos fármacos pesquisados. Após tratamento foi observado diminuição do crescimento e da viabilidade celular promovida por todos os fármacos, porém com potenciais de ação diferentes. O óleo de Copaíba apresentou uma potente ação inibição da proliferação e indução de apoptose, este último verificado pela positividade do teste Tunel para células apoptóticas. O óleo de Andiroba e Dexametasona promoveram inibição da proliferação dessas células, mas não indução de apoptose, sendo que para o último fármaco a ação foi dependente da concentração e tempo. Também pôde-se observar uma diminuição da expressão e marcação nuclear do NFkB por western Blot e imunofluorescência, respectivamente, após tratamento com os três antiinflamatórios. Os óleos de Copaíba e Andiroba e a Dexametasona, anti-inflamatórios naturais e sintético, respectivamente, promoveram ação de inibição da proliferação celular da linhagem FaDu, tendo uma relação com os níveis diminuídos da proteína NFkB que é responsável pela regulação de genes envolvidos nos processos de proliferação e sobrevivência celular. / Squamous cell carcinoma represents more than 90% of oral cavity malignancies. In advanced cases, when locoregional control is not possible using only surgery and radiotherapy adjuvant chemotherapy may play an important role to improve the quality of life and survival of these patients. Molecular events that occur during carcinogenesis are similar to those observed in the inflammatory process. So, the study of anti-inflammatory substances may be an important way for the development of new chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze a possible antitumoral effect of 2 natural anti-inflammatory oils (Copaiba and Andiroba) and a synthetic drug (dexamethasone) in a cell lineage of oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (FaDu). Moreover, we tried to correlate NFkB protein expression with the inhibition of cell proliferation. Drugs effects were evaluated through quantitative methods (Western Blot method, growth and cell viability curves) and qualitative analyses (Immunofluorescence methods) before and after cell treatment. The control group was represented by the same cells (FaDu) grown in the absence of the drugs studied. After treatment all drugs promoted reduced growth and cell viability but with different potential actions. Copaiba oil showed a potent anti-proliferation action and to be inductor of apoptosis; the latter checked by testing positive for Tunel apoptotic cells. Andiroba oil and Dexamethasone promoted inhibition of cell proliferation, but not induction of apoptosis. The Dexamethasone action was time and dose dependent. There was a decrease expression and nuclear staining of NFkB by Western Blot and Immunofluorescence methods, respectively, after treatment with three anti-inflammatory substances. Oils of Copaiba and Andiroba and the dexamethasone promoted inhibition of cell proliferation FaDu lineage, showing an association with the level of expression of NFkB, which regulate genes that are involved in proliferation and cell survival.

La voie orale suscite un intérêt pour l'administration des médicaments anticancéreux, qui sont encore administrés essentiellement par voie parentérale. En effet, la biodisponibilité des principes actifs est fortement limitée par leurs propriétés physico-chimiques et des facteurs physiologiques. L'utilisation de systèmes à base de lipides et de nanoparticules polymères peuvent se montrer très performants pour surmonter certaines limitations. L'objectif de ce travail a consisté à développer deux familles de systèmes dispersés pour la voie orale contenant dans leur phase interne de l'huile de copaïba servant de véhicules à des médicaments anticancéreux comme le paclitaxel. Dans la première partie du travail a été consacrée au développement et à la validation de méthodes d’analyses de l’huile de copaiba par chromatographie en phase gaseuse et de dosage du paclitaxel dans l'huile de copaïba. Dans la deuxième partie du travail, des microémulsions d'huile de copaïba/eau ont été formulée en proposant une approche originale basée sur la complémentarité chimique des composés de l'huile et des tensioactifs. Cette approche a permis l'obtention de microémulsion contenant des fractions volumiques importantes de l'huile essentielle de copaïba (19.6%) tout en maintenant les concentrations en tensioactifs faible (13.7%). Du paclitaxel a pu être incorporé dans les microémulsions sans perturber notablement les caractéristiques du system. La troisième partie du travail a été consacré au développement de nanocapsules mucoadhésives contenant de l'huile de copaïba. La mise en œuvre d’un plan d’expérience a contribué à la formulation de nanocapsules incorporant du paclitaxel pouvant être marquée par une sonde fluorescente. La stabilité des nanocapsules a été étudiée dans des milieux gastrique et intestinaux simulés. Leur mucoadhésion a été évaluée sur des fragments de muqueuse intestinale prélevés chez le rat. Les résultats de ces travaux ont conduit au développement de deux formulations de paclitaxel dans des nanosystèmes originaux qui pourront par la suite être évalués pour en étudier leur capacité à délivrer l'agent anticancéreux par voie orale. / Anticancer drug are still mainly administered by the parenteral route. Oral delivery is limited the physicochemical properties of drugs and physiological. Systems based on lipids and polymeric nanoparticles may overcome these limitations. The aim of our project was to develop dispersed systems containing copaiba oil in their internal phase as vehicle for oral administration of paclitaxel, an anticancer drug, paclitaxel. The work was carried on in three parts. At first, methods of analysis of copaiba oil and of dosage of paclitaxel in this oil were developed and validated based on gas chromatography and HPLC respectively. Then, copaiba oil/water microemulsion was formulated from a new approach based on the pairing of chemical properties of the oil components and the surfactants. Stable microemulsion containing remarkably high amount of copaiba essential oil (volume fraction 19.6%) and a low surfactant concentration (13.7%) were obtained and could incorporate paclitaxel. Finally, an experimental design approach was proposed to develop mucoadhesive nanocapsules encapsulating copaiba oil, paclitaxel and that can be labeled with a fluorescent. These systems were tested for their ability to concentrate paclitaxel on the gut mucosa by evaluating their mucoadhesion using a ex vivo model based on the Ussing chambers. The nanosystems proposed in this work are ready for an evaluation for their capacity to deliver this anticancer drug by the oral route.