En aquesta Tesi es proposa una nova estructura de control amb l'objectiu de solucionar el conflicte entre rendiment i robustesa en l'esquema de realimentació tradicional. La teoria matemàtica de la factorització coprimera permet proposar un configuració de control basada en observador. És el que es denomina configuració Observador-Controlador i es fa servir de diferents maneres. La primera proposta enfoca la millorar les prestacions de robustesa com a una alternativa al disseny d'un controlador robust. Amb la intenció d'aconseguir un bon rendiment en presència de pertorbacions i d'incerteses procedim de la següent manera: en primer lloc, dissenyem un sistema de control per realimentació estàndard per tal de satisfer els requeriments de seguiment a referència; en segon lloc, millorem les propietats de robustesa sense alterar les propietats de seguiment del sistema de control inicial. Aquesta estratègia es basa en la generació d'un complement pel sistema de control nominal mitjançant una estructura fonamentada en la configuració Observador-Controlador. Els sistema de control resultant funciona de tal manera que la planta estarà controlada només pel controlador per realimentació nominal quan no hi hagi ni incerteses ni pertorbacions externes i el controlador per a la robustificació estarà actiu només en presencia de incerteses i/o pertorbacions externes.La segona proposta afronta l'objectiu d'aconseguir un bon rendiment en presència de pertorbacions i d'incerteses. En aquest cas, desenvolupen un controlador de dos graus de llibertat (2-DOF) i procedim de la següent manera: primer, dissenyem un sistema de control per realimentació basat en observador per tal de garantir un nivell mínim d'estabilitat robusta; segon, dissenyem un prefiltre per tal de garantir robustesa en les propietats de llaç obert. Malgrat les dues propostes no es basen en una reformulació en termes del factor de Youla, es possible fer una parametrització basada en Youla per tal de caracteritzar el conjunt de tots els observadors per una planta nominal. En essència, les dues propostes es poden veure com a estructures de dos graus de llibertat. Tot i que l'esquema de la primera proposta no s'adapta a una estructura de 2-DOF clàssica, amb un prefiltre i una part per realimentació, podem considerar-la com a tal pel fet que aconsegueix una complerta separació de propietats. En aquest cas, el controlador inicial s'ocupa de les especificacions de seguiment a referència per a la planta nominal i el controlador per a la robustificació s'encarrega de la millora, si cal, les prestacions de robustesa nominals. / In this Thesis, we shall propose a new controller architecture to try to completely overcome the conflict between performance and robustness in the traditional feedback framework. The proposed control configuration comes from the coprime factorization approach and, in such a context, a somewhat uncommon observer-based control configuration is derived. It is the Observer-Controller configuration and it is used in different arrangements.The first proposal deals with the robustness enhancement problem as an alternative to the design of a robust control system. With the lofty goal of achieving high performance in the face of disturbances and uncertainties we proceed as follows: first, an initial feedback control system is set for the nominal plant to satisfy tracking requirements and second, the resulting robustness properties are conveniently enhanced while leaving unaltered the tracking responses provided by the initial controller. The approach is based on the generation of a complement for the nominal control system by means of an structure based on the Observer-Controller configuration. The final control system works in such a way that the plant will be solely controlled by the initial nominal feedback controller when there is neither model uncertainties nor external disturbances and the robustification controller will only be active when there is model uncertainties and/or external disturbances. The second proposal also addresses the goal of high performance in the face of disturbances and uncertainties. In this case, a two degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) control configuration is developed. We proceed as follows: first, an observer-based feedback control scheme is designed to guarantee some levels of stability robustness and second, a prefilter controller is computed to guarantee robust open-loop processing of the reference commands. Despite both proposals are not based on a reformulation in terms of the Youla parameter, it is possible to perform a Youla parametrization to characterize the set of all observers for the nominal plant. Essentially, both proposals can be considered as 2-DOF control configurations. The first presented proposal do not fit the standard 2-DOF control scheme made up with a feedback controller and a prefilter controller. Nevertheless, it can also be seen to lie in the 2-DOF control configuration in the sense that a complete separation of properties is achieved. In such case, the tracking properties of the nominal plant are attained by a controller and the robustness properties are considered and enhanced if necessary by the Observer-Controller configuration.

A group G is called an FC-group if the conjugacy class of every element is finite. G is called a minimal non-FC-group if G is not an FC-group, but every proper subgroup of G is an FC-group. The first part of this thesis is on minimal non-FC-groups and their finitary permutational representations. Belyaev proved in 1998 that, every perfect locally finite minimal non-FC-group has non-trivial finitary permutational representation. In Chapter 3, we write the proof of Belyaev in detail. Recall that a group G is called quasi-simple if G is perfect and G/Z(G) is simple. The second part of this thesis is on finite quasi-simple groups and their coprime automorphisms. In Chapter 4, the result of Parker and Quick is written in detail: Namely / if Q is a quasi-simple group and A is a non-trivial group of coprime automorphisms of Q satisfying |Q: C_{Q}(A)| &lt / n then |Q| &lt / n3, that is |Q| is bounded by a function of n.

[pt] O trabalho apresenta uma teoria de fatorações coprimas para sistemas não lineares e aplicações dessa teoria em problemas de controle. A parte inicial é exatamente a teoria de fatorações coprimas, que se assemelha à versão linear. O problema da estabilização de sistemas não lineares é resolvido através de realimentação aditiva, com pré e pós compensadores dinâmicos não lineares. A solução para esse problema é dada na forma da classe de compensadores que estabilizam o sistema. São também apresentadas condições para a estabilidade na presença de ruídos aditivos. Outro problema bastante relevante do ponto de vista de controles é o da especificação da dinâmica do sistema de malha fechada. O enfoque apresenta soluções de caráter local, o que permite que a dinâmica a ser especificada seja definida apenas sobre uma restrição do espeço de entrada. Dessa forma tornou-se factível a especificação de dinâmicas dentro de uma classe relativamente ampla. São discutidas possibilidades para o problema da regulação. Também utilizando condiçòes locais é apresentada uma teoria de estabilização robusta com relação a perturbações não estruturadas. Algumas soluções explícitas e relativamente estruturadas são apresentadas. / [en] The control of nonlinear systems via coprime factorization is the subject of this dissertation. Initially, a broad theory concerning nonlinear factorizations is presented. The class of stabilizing controllers for a given nonlinear plant is derived using that theory. Then, there are derived sufficient conditions for the closed loop system are also presented. One of the major departures from the original work on nonlinear factorizations is the fact that the solutions presented need only to be locally derived, which allows a wider class of dynamics to be assigned for the closed loop input- output transference relation. The robust control of nonlinear systems is achieved through the use of locally defined solutions, allowing to control systems subject to some relatively structured perturbations.

abstract: The problem of systematically designing a control system continues to remain a subject of intense research. In this thesis, a very powerful control system design environment for Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) plants is presented. The environment has been designed to address a broad set of closed loop metrics and constraints; e.g. weighted H-infinity closed loop performance subject to closed loop frequency and/or time domain constraints (e.g. peak frequency response, peak overshoot, peak controls, etc.). The general problem considered - a generalized weighted mixed-sensitivity problem subject to constraints - permits designers to directly address and tradeoff multivariable properties at distinct loop breaking points; e.g. at plant outputs and at plant inputs. As such, the environment is particularly powerful for (poorly conditioned) multivariable plants. The Youla parameterization is used to parameterize the set of all stabilizing LTI proper controllers. This is used to convexify the general problem being addressed. Several bases are used to turn the resulting infinite-dimensional problem into a finite-dimensional problem for which there exist many efficient convex optimization algorithms. A simple cutting plane algorithm is used within the environment. Academic and physical examples are presented to illustrate the utility of the environment. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Electrical Engineering 2013

No description available.

Nous considérons deux classes de systèmes fractionnaires linéaires invariants dans le temps avec des ordres commensurables et des retards discrets. La première est composée de systèmes fractionnaires à entrées multiples et à une sortie avec des retards en entrées ou en sortie. La seconde se compose de systèmes fractionnaires de type neutre avec retards commensurables. Nous étudions la stabilisation de la première classe de systèmes à l'aide de l'approche de factorisation. Nous obtenons des factorisations copremières à gauche et à droite et les facteurs de Bézout associés: ils permettent de constituer l'ensemble des contrôleurs stabilisants. Pour la deuxième classe de systèmes, nous nous sommes intéressés au cas critique où certaines chaînes de pôles sont asymptotiques à l'axe imaginaire. Tout d'abord, nous réalisons une approximation des pôles asymptotiques afin de déterminer leur emplacement par rapport à l'axe. Le cas échéant, des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes de stabilité H-infini sont données. Cette analyse de stabilité est ensuite étendue aux systèmes à retard classiques ayant la même forme. Enfin, nous proposons une approche unifiée pour les deux classes de systèmes à retards commensurables de type neutre (standards et fractionnaires). Ensuite, la stabilisation d'une sous-classe de systèmes neutres fractionnaires est étudiée. Premièrement, l'ensemble de tous les contrôleurs stabilisants est obtenu. Deuxièmement, nous prouvons que pour une grande classe de contrôleurs fractionnaires à retards il est impossible d'éliminer dans la boucle fermée les chaînes de pôles asymptotiques à l'axe imaginaire si de telles chaînes sont présentes dans les systèmes à contrôler. / We consider two classes of linear time-invariant fractional systems with commensurate orders and discrete delays. The first one consists of multi-input single-output fractional systems with output or input delays. The second one consists of single-input single-output fractional neutral systems with commensurate delays. We study the stabilization of the first class of systems using the factorization approach. We derive left and right coprime factorizations and Bézout factors, which are the elements to constitute the set of all stabilizing controllers. For the second class of systems, we are interested in the critical case where some chains of poles are asymptotic to the imaginary axis. First, we approximate asymptotic poles in order to determine their location relative to the axis. Then, when appropriate, necessary and sufficient conditions for H-infinity-stability are derived. This stability analysis is then extended to classical delay systems of the same form and finally a unified approach for both classes of neutral delay systems with commensurate delays (standard and fractional) is proposed. Next, the stabilization of a subclass of fractional neutral systems is studied. First, the set of all stabilizing controllers is derived. Second, we prove that a large class of fractional controllers with delays cannot eliminate in the closed loop chains of poles asymptotic to the imaginary axis if such chains are present in the controlled systems.

Après une introduction à l'analyse et au contrôle des systèmes singuliers linéaires, on étudie le placement optimal de capteurs et d'actionneurs, le diagnostic robuste et le contrôle de systèmes singuliers. Le placement optimal de capteurs et d'actionneurs pour les systèmes singuliers s'appuie sur une approche énergétique. Les capteurs et/ou actionneurs sont sélectionnés pour obtenir les plus grands transferts d'énergie entre le système et son environnement. Pour cela on cherche à maximiser les grammiens généralisés. Différentes méthodes de diagnostic robuste sont proposées. Une première approche dédiée aux systèmes maillés autorise une génération de résidus décentralisée afin de détecter et de localiser les défauts de mesures. Une deuxième méthode consiste à étendre le filtrage Hinfini à l'estimation des défaillances. Troisièmement, la génération de résidus fondée sur la factorisation copremière -dont l'intérêt majeur est de pouvoir synthétiser des générateurs de résidus au moyen de filtres propres- est généralisée aux systèmes singuliers. Enfin, la synthèse, et l'utilisation pour le diagnostic robuste, des observateurs de type proportionnel-intégral sont étudiées. Deux stratégies de contrôle de systèmes singuliers sont proposées. Le contrôle multicritère permet de déterminer des correcteurs statiques ou dynamiques assurant le placement de pôles, ainsi que des contraintes de normes H2 et Hinfini sur le système en boucle fermée. Le contrôle tolérant aux fautes intègre un module de diagnostic dans le correcteur afin de localiser les fautes, et de modifier la loi de commande pour minimiser la déviation des sorties dues aux fautes et aux perturbations. Les correcteurs sont des systèmes propres, déterminés par optimisation convexe sous contraintes LMI.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:02:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Lucimeire.pdf: 347668 bytes, checksum: 1994a286b451a5d4bd05254e9a5299d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-25 / Let P be a locally finite group of prime exponent p, admitting a finite soluble automorphism group G of order n coprime to p. In this work we study the influence of the centralizers of the automorphisms in G on the structure of P. In this sense we show that if CP(G), the subgroup of fixed points is soluble of derived length d, then P is nilpotent of class bounded in terms of p, n and d. It will be also shown that if a (p-1)-Engel Lie algebra L of characteristic p (or 0) admits a finite soluble automorphism group G of order n coprime to the characteristic of L, such that CL(G), the subalgebra of fixed points, is soluble of derived length d, then the Lie algebra L is nilpotent of class bounded in terms of p, n and d. / Seja P um grupo localmente finito de expoente primo p, admitindo um grupo G de automorfismos solúvel finito de ordem n coprima com p. Neste trabalho estudaremos a influência dos centralizadores dos automorfismos em G sobre a estrutura de P. Nesse sentido, mostraremos que se CP(G), o subgrupo de pontos fixos, é solúvel de comprimento derivado d, então P é nilpotente de classe limitada em termos de p;n e d. Será demonstrado também que se uma álgebra de Lie (p-1)-Engel L, de característica p (ou 0) admite um grupo de automorfismos G solúvel finito de ordem n coprima com a característica de L, tal que CL(G), a subálgebra de pontos fixos, é solúvel de comprimento derivado d, então a álgebra de Lie L é nilpotente de classe limitada em termos de p;n e d.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:02:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marcio Lima.pdf: 1529346 bytes, checksum: c6a80a13d55b40203c44877c4cdeb1f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-27 / A be an elementary abelian group of order q2, where q a prime number. In this paper we will study the influence of centering on the structure of automorphism groups profinitos in this sense if A acting as a coprime group of automorphisms on a group profinito G and CG(a) is periodic for each a 2 A#, then we will show that G is locally finite. It will be demonstrated also the case where A acts as a group of automorphisms of a group pro-p of G / Sejam A um grupo abeliano elementar de ordem q2, onde q um número primo. Neste trabalho estudamos a influência dos centralizadores de automorfismos na estrutura dos grupos profinitos, neste sentido se A age como um grupo de automorfismos coprimos sobre um grupo profinito G e que CG(a) é periódico para cada a 2 A#, então mostraremos que G é localmente finito. Será demonstrado também o caso onde A age como um grupo de automorfismos sobre um grupo pro-p de G.