Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1990. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-74). Also available via the Internet.

Analysis of corrosion in marine and acid environments is a complicated task, involving the interaction of thermodynamic, kinetic and geometrical factors. Two mathematical models which predict corrosion behaviour have been implemented for personal computers. The first program uses an assumption of unidirectional current flow to simplify the prediction of potential distributions for systems of essentially cylindrical geometry containing natural seawater-based electrolytes of differing strength. Using experimentally determined electrochemical and flow rig data, experimental and theoretical results were compared. The correlation between the two was shown to be poor, and this is attributed to the unrepresentative nature of the electrochemical data input to the model. The second model involves the synthesis of polarization curves. Several algorithms to model passivating behaviour have been studied, and one was selected and incorporated into the calculation routine. A number of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are used in algorithms describing such behaviour, along with activation, concentration and solution polarization effects, for a number of redox reactions, which are then combined to produce an overall potential-log current density curve. Experimentally determined data for pure iron and different stainless steels in marine and acid environments of differing dissolved oxygen content and temperature were obtained. Theoretical models were constructed for each system, and compared to experimental data. Excellent correlation between experimental and theoretical data was obtained for potential ranges in excess of 2 V. Trends in parameter values were discussed, and compared to published data. The transition between stable and unstable passivity of stainless steels was shown to be dependent on the oxygen reduction diffusion limited current density and the iron dissolution reaction free corrosion current density, which in turn was linked to the dissolved oxygen content and temperature of the electrolyte. A new model for the behaviour of stainless steels in the transpassive region was proposed.

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Orientador: Maria Clara Filippini Ierardi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T03:30:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento_AlexMaiado_M.pdf: 9829466 bytes, checksum: 78b8c487039e438993230c1c4d52544c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Neste trabalho procurou-se observar as mudanças microestruturais e os efeitos na resistência à corrosão dos aços inoxidáveis duplex UNS S32304 e S32205, bastante utilizados pela indústria petrolífera, após realização de tratamentos superficiais por refusão a laser. Foram realizados inicialmente vários testes para a determinação experimental dos parâmetros de processo. Após a escolha otimizada dos parâmetros, as mudanças microestruturais foram analisadas por microscopia ótica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura - MEV, difração de raios- X e microdureza Vickers. Com isso, obteve-se dados que puderam ser comparados a condição inicial das ligas. Para analisar o comportamento corrosivo das ligas, antes e após os tratamentos, foram feitos ensaios de polarização cíclica com utilização da solução de 3,5% de NaCI (água do mar artificial), já que os aços inoxidáveis duplex estão sendo bastante utilizados em situações offshore na indústria do petróleo. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que quando tratadas superficialmente a laser, devido à rápida resolidificação, as ligas praticamente ferritizaram, e como o teor de nitrogênio existente na composição de ambas ligas é superior ao seu limite de solubilidade na ferrita, ocorreu uma precipitação de Cr2N(nitretos de cromo) na matriz ferrítica o que promoveu uma perda de resistência à corrosão, porém um aumento significativo de dureza superficial / Abstract: The objective of this work is to observe the micros1ructural changes and effects on corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steels UNS S32304 and S32205, commonly used by the petroleum industry, following the execution of laser surface remelting treatments. Various initial tests were carried out to determine the parameters for the experimental process. Following the optimum choice of parameters, microstructural changes were analyzed by means of optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction and Vickers Microhardness. In this way, data was obtained, which could then be compared with the starting condition of the alloys. In order to analyze the corrosive behavior of the alloys before and after the treatments, cyclic polarization tests were carried out. A solution of 3.5% NaCI (artificial sea water) was utilized, as duplex stainless steels are regularly used by the petroleum industry in offshore locations. The results obtained showed that when treated superflcially by laser, due to rapid resolidification, the alloys became almost ferritic, and since the leveI of nitrogen in the composition of both alloys is superior to their solubility limit in ferrite, a precipitation of Cr2N (chromium nitrides) occurred in the ferritic matrix, causing loss of corrosion resistance, thus signifying an increase in surface hardness / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica