The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) has a dual purpose of protecting United States businesses (and importantly, their investors) and combating corruption abroad. The latter purpose is the focus of this study. Reduced corruption has been linked to improving human rights conditions and supporting development projects; thus, if the FCPA reduces corruption, it can positively impact other United States' concerns. Given this importance, this study seeks to determine whether the FCPA reduces corruption in targeted countries. FCPA enforcement actions brought by the Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from 1998 to 2012 were compiled and allocated by country where the underlying bribery took place. The top ten countries from which the most FCPA enforcement actions arose were selected for individual case study. The level of corruption in each country was approximated with the World Bank's Control of Corruption Indicator (CCI) for the relevant time period of 1998 to 2012. The number of FCPA enforcement actions are compared to this CCI score to determine if the FCPA reduced corruption in those countries relative to countries without as many FCPA enforcement actions. This comparison, both individually and collectively, is not able to demonstrate that FCPA enforcement reduced levels of corruption in those countries that gave rise to the most enforcement actions. Thus, although the FCPA may be an important tool in the toolbox of international regulations the United States uses in combatting corruption, as well as promoting human rights and international development, it alone does not appear to significantly reduce corruption abroad. / text

abstract / Economics and Finance / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

by So Ying-lun. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-91). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Focus of the Study / Chapter 1.2 --- Importance of the Study / Chapter II --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Definitions --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Illegal or Unethical? --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Public Sector vs. Private Sector Corruption --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- What are 'Private' Gains? --- p.10 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Defining Corruption for This Study --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Extent of the Problem of Corruption in the PRC --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Official Figures on Corruption --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Perceptions of the Seriousness of Corruption in the PRC --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Open Admission of Direct Experience of Corruption in China --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Extent of the Problem in Terms of the Amount of Briber Taken --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Causes of the Problem in China --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4 --- Characteristics of Corruption in the PRC --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Generalizations about the Details of Corruption in the PRC --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Factors Affecting Frequency of Corruption Encountered --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- Different Considerations Relating to How Graft is Handled --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Ethical Issues --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Legal Considerations --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Political Considerations --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Pressures of the Marketplace --- p.38 / Chapter 2.6 --- Coping with Corruption --- p.39 / Chapter 2.7 --- Research Questions --- p.43 / Chapter III. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1 --- Research Approach --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2 --- Data Collection --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Sampling --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- The Interview --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3 --- Data Analysis --- p.50 / Chapter IV. --- RESULTS --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- Informants' Perception of the Extent of the Problem --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- How Serious is the Problem? --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Seriousness in terms of Effects on PRC Business --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2 --- Respondents' Perception of the Causes of the Problem --- p.54 / Chapter 4.3 --- Characteristics I: Details of Corruption in China --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Who and How are Bribes Initiated? --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- What Favours are Provided y Bribes? --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Corruption Becoming More Organized --- p.57 / Chapter 4.4 --- Characteristics II: Factors Affecting Level of Corruption Encountered --- p.58 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Country of Origin of Foreign Company --- p.58 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Location in China --- p.59 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Experience in Dealing with Foreign Companies --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Size of the Deal --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Degree of Government Regulations --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Size and Reputation of the Chinese Partner --- p.60 / Chapter 4.4.7 --- Other Factors Influencing the Level of Corruption Encountered --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5 --- Considerations Leading to A Decision on How to Handle the Problem --- p.62 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Importance Placed on Each Aspect --- p.62 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Ethical Aspects --- p.63 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Legal Aspects --- p.63 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Political Aspects --- p.64 / Chapter 4.5.5 --- Profitability Considerations --- p.65 / Chapter 4.6 --- Coping with Corruption --- p.66 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Standing Firm --- p.66 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Besides Saying “No´ح --- p.67 / Chapter 4.7 --- Expectations About the Future of Corruption in the PRC --- p.68 / Chapter V. --- DISCUSSIONS --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1 --- Extent of Problem --- p.70 / Chapter 5.2 --- Causes of the Problem --- p.72 / Chapter 5.3 --- Characteristics I: Details of Corruption Encountered --- p.72 / Chapter 5.4 --- Characteristics II: Factors Affecting Level of Corruption Encountered --- p.73 / Chapter 5.5 --- Considerations Leading to A Decision on How to Handle the Problem --- p.76 / Chapter 5.6 --- Coping with Corruption --- p.77 / Chapter 5.7 --- Causes and Future Development of the Problem --- p.77 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.80 / Chapter 6.1 --- Where Do We Go from Here --- p.80 / Chapter 6.2 --- Limitations of the Study --- p.80 / APPENDIX --- p.92 / REFERENCES --- p.91

The purpose of this study was to investigate corruption and its effects on the development of the construction industry in Malawi. The major causes were identified and probable solutions as well as preventive measures suggested for all stakeholders in the construction industry in Malawi and neighbouring countries to follow in order to combat bribery and corruption. This treatise consisted of a literature review for the causes of bribery, fraud and corruption, effects of corruption on the construction industry, preventive measures, probable solutions to corruption and a descriptive survey involving responses from building and civil engineering contractors, the built environment professionals, home owners, developers, public works officers amongst others from the construction industry in Malawi. According to the literature study, the construction industry is one of the most corrupt industries in the world, which is a huge concern and threat both to governments, investors and humanity at large. This must be addressed by all the official players in the construction industry, from the innovator of a project to the tradesmen employed on that site. The research showed that all players in the construction industry are aware of the impact of corruption on the development of the construction industry in Malawi. Furthermore, there is room for improvement as far as prevention, reduction and elimination of corruption is concerned.

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

This study investigates reputational penalties for two main types of corporate scandals in China: accounting scandal vs. corruption. Compared with U.S. firms that experienced an average of 41% drop in firm value if accounting scandal was disclosed, I find that accounting scandals are less destructive to firm value in a relationship-based economy such as China. However, while pure accounting scandals are relatively innocuous in China, I find that corruption charges against the firms' senior executives have serious consequences. I explore several explanations for such difference in market reaction to the two types of scandals, including political network effect, accounting write-off effect, corporate governance effect, incentive effect, and executive turnover effect. My empirical evidence provides consistent support to the political relationship explanation which indicates that the damaged social and political networks and the ability to contract caused by the corruption charges would have a more negative impact on firms' operations and performances. Although my results do not fully eliminate all the other alternative explanations, they are likely to be a less important reason for the stronger reputation penalties for corruption charges than accounting scandals in China. / Zhang, Fang. / Adviser: T.J. Wang. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-11, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-61). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

No description available.

by Chen, Shuojian. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-61). / ABSTRACT --- p.I / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.III / LIST OF CHARTS --- p.VII / LIST OF TABLES --- p.VIII / Chapter CHAPTER I: --- INTRODUCTION 一 A REVIEW OF FOREIGN INVESTMENTS IN CHINA --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- "The foreign investments in China had soared in the past dozen years, but now, it levels off" --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Most of the foreign investments come from Hong Kong and Taiwan --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- "Three policies toward foreign investments - deny, welcome unconditionally, and welcome conditionally" --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Before 1979 ´ؤ deny --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- From 1979 to 1991 ´ؤ welcome unconditionally --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- After 1991 - welcome conditionally --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- focus on the disharmonies --- p.6 / Chapter CHAPTER II: --- DISHARMONIES IN DIRECT INVESTMENTS - THE PHENOMENA --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Hostility toward foreign investments --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- """ Economic invasion “" --- p.7 / "“The Eight Countries' Allied Force""" --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- """ National Dignity “" --- p.9 / """China Can Say No""" --- p.9 / """Prefect's Decision""" --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2 --- Uncooperative Attitude --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Joint venture forming bids are turned down --- p.11 / """Pretty daughters"" and ""ugly daughters""" --- p.11 / Le Kai ® and Kodak® --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Chinese enterprises repurchase the brands they once contributed to joint ventures as assets. --- p.14 / Sheng Brand ® Chrysanthemum Crystal --- p.15 / Case: MAXAM ® --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3 --- Internal Conflicts in Joint Ventures --- p.16 / Chapter CHAPTER III: --- THE CAUSE OF DISHARMONY --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1 --- "Chinese have over-expectation to foreign investment. While disappointed, some become unfriendly toward foreign investors " --- p.17 / Chapter 3.2 --- "Although foreign investments contribuie to the economic growth, its opportunity cost IS PRETTY HIGH " --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- "Foreign investments may worsen, rather than relief the problem of unemployment " --- p.19 / Create New Market vs. Redistribute the Market Shares --- p.20 / The Myth of Export Oriented --- p.20 / 8.8% of the Employees Accounts for 19.1% of the Sales --- p.21 / A model to identify jobs created vs. jobs extinguished by foreign funded enterprises --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- "Bypassing the tariff, it is possible for overseas enterprises to dump in China " --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Foreign capital and honest society --- p.27 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Tax paid by foreign funded firms is not proportionate to their profits --- p.29 / 2+3Corporation Tax Holiday --- p.29 / Value Added Tax --- p.29 / Legal Tax Mitigation & Illegal Tax Evasion --- p.29 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- The fact that foreign-funded firms are not required to contribute appropriate proportion to social security indirectly results in social unrest --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3 --- Fraudulence in Forming Joint Ventures --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Equipment Overpricing --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Technology Overpricing --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Material and Components Overpricing --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- "Land, workshop & sales network overpricing " --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Fraudulence in equipment importation --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- "Both of the foreign partners and the Chinese partners can be cheaters, but it is more common that a Chinese partner is the victim " --- p.38 / Chapter 3.4 --- National Security --- p.39 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- "Foreign investment, national industries, and national security " --- p.39 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Even civil products may have unexpected significance to national security --- p.39 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- "In case of international disputes, trade wars, or real wars, who holds the hostages? " --- p.40 / Chapter 3.5 --- The Agency Problem --- p.41 / Chapter 3.6 --- The Limited Running Time of Joint Ventures --- p.42 / Case: Zhang Xiao Quan ® --- p.42 / Chapter CHAPTER IV: --- MEASURES TO MINIMIZE THE DISHARMONIES --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1 --- Facilitate long-run view in founding joint ventures --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Two ways in forming joint venture --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- To increase the stakes in a joint venture gradually --- p.45 / Chapter 4.2 --- Assign outsiders to manage the joint venture --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3 --- Localization --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Local sourcing --- p.47 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Employee localization --- p.47 / Chapter 4.4 --- Adopting local brand names --- p.47 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Case: P&G® Jiehua® andGaofuli ® --- p.48 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Multiple brands 一 a successful strategy --- p.50 / P&G itself is a successful example in multiple brands strategy --- p.50 / The advantages of multiple brands strategy --- p.50 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- "Reasons that foreign investors refuse to adopt the Chinese brands, besides the duration of the joint ventures " --- p.51 / Case: Wine & Spirit --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Adopting famous local brand names --- p.57 / Under what situation Chinese brands should be kept in the joint venture --- p.57 / Case: Yale ® and Gu Li ® dual brands strategy --- p.58 / CONCLUSION --- p.59 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.60

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management at the University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of a Masters in Commerce. March 2016 / The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a systematic difference in the textual characteristics of information in the chairman’s statement of profitable and unprofitable companies on the JSE main board. This would indicate the existence of impression management in management commentary. The difference of profitable and unprofitable companies was analysed in relation to six pre-determined textual characteristics. The primary conclusion drawn is that impression management does exist in the chairman’s statements of companies listed on the main board of the JSE. Another finding of the study was that ‘extremely unprofitable’ companies are less likely to employ impression management. The findings of this research indicate that users of annual reports should be alert to the existence of reporting bias introduced by management in its commentary. Users of the annual report should carefully consider the usefulness of management commentary in their decision making, discounting these disclosures for the use of impression management techniques employed in corporate reporting strategies. Studies on impression management techniques in narrative disclosures within the annual report have not been piloted in South Africa before. This is the first study of linguistic variation employed in management commentary within the South African context. The study was exploratory in nature and did not set out to identify the causes of impression management being employed within the South African context. Future research may explore this further and may also be extended to determine whether impression management is present in other sections of the annual report and even the integrated report. Key words: Chairman’s statement, impression management, management commentary, reporting bias / MT2017

<p>This paper will analyse critically the main sources, namely UNCAC, the African Union Convention on Prevention and Combating Corruption (AU Convention), the Southern African Development Community Protocol against Corruption (SADC Protocol) and the Council of Europe Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (CoE Convention). Furthermore, the paper will examine the corresponding explanatory notes and try to provide a picture of the most important aspects of the issue. As many countries are obliged to consider the criminalisation of trading in influence, drawing an overview of it may make a substantial contribution to its comprehension. Due to the limited space, the paper is unable to cover all provisions of trading in influence in countries where it exists. Accordingly, the discussion will be restricted to the situation in France, Spain and Belgium. By analysing the position in these countries, the different approaches to criminalisation can be highlighted.</p>