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This thesis addresses two key questions: First, how did those involved in the provision of public housing in twentieth-century England conceptualise the people who they were providing houses for? Second, how did their ideas change over time? These questions are important and need answering because, although there has been a great deal written about the history of public housing in England, there has up until now been very little thought given to the manner in which the council estate tenants themselves were actually identified and conceptualised as subjects in need of state-funded housing. My thesis begins to redress this imbalance by providing an overview of the changing forms and practices through which prospective tenants were conceptualised and acted upon by those in positions of power in England between 1920 and 1970. Using records from local authority archives, sociological surveys, architectural and town planning journals, central government publications, Mass Observation reports and tenant handbooks, and focusing primarily on council estates in London, Manchester and Sheffield, it shows how ideas about what prospective tenants needed from their homes changed dramatically over the course of this period, with the narrowly sanitary and biopolitical approaches of the 1920s and 1930s increasingly being challenged and complemented by a host of new ideas and discourses which placed far more emphasis upon the prospective tenant’s emotional, social and personal needs. As such, this thesis not only adds substantially to our understanding of the changes that took place in the English public housing sector between 1920 and 1970, but also adds to the burgeoning literature on questions of governmentality; contributing in the process to our understandings of modern modes of power.

This thesis proposes changes to the Golden Lane Estate in central London to integrate the public spaces within the estate with the surrounding city[M1] .   The Golden[M2]  Lane Estate is a modernist housing complex consisting of nine residential buildings with 564 flats. It was built as a council house project in 1952-1962 to satisfy the housing need after the Second World War.   Current observations show that the public spaces at the Golden Lane Estate are mostly empty and spread over different levels increasing the spatial separation. Residents use the large open spaces for transit to or from their flats and visitors are rarely attracted. The modernist layout, where few people share space in front of the entrances to their flats, have affected the perceived ownership of public space at Golden Lane. It is neither perceived as private nor fully public.   I have assumed that the residential buildings should stay intact. They are architecturally and historically valuable and serve their purpose well. The flats are popular and the estate was listed in 1992.   The Golden Lane Leisure Centre is situated in the middle of the estate. In the listing record it is described as a chief example of the architects’ belief that a housing development should not just be a collection of flats but a real part of the city; it provides welcome facilities for those who live outside the estate as well as for residents.   By reviving the Leisure Centre and turning unused garages into offices the two western public spaces are activated and restructured to be attractive to residents and visitors again. The revenue from the commercial spaces can finance an upgrade of the eastern public spaces to be a calm oasis where residents can realise their gardening dreams or office workers have their lunch. Today’s Golden Lane Estate can become a real part of the city with four attractive places adding value for residents, workers and visitors.

A pesquisa consiste no estudo dos projetos de habitação coletiva de Alison e Peter Smithson, compreendido entre os anos 1950 e 1972. São dois os projetos analisados, o projeto para Golden Lane, desenvolvido para um concurso, em 1951, e o conjunto Robin Hood Gardens, cuja construção foi finalizada no ano de 1972. Os procedimentos adotados para elaborar esta investigação foram o estudo da produção escrita dos arquitetos, bastante ampla e significativa para o entendimento global dos seus projetos, o redesenho das obras, incluindo a produção de desenhos e maquetes eletrônicas dos edifícios, o que possibilitou uma análise sistemática de cada um destes dois projetos, permitindo o entendimento da obra dos Smithsons e sua relação com o contexto do pós-guerra. / This research consists of the study of council housing projects made by Alison and Peter Smithson, from1950 to 1972. Two projects were analysed: the project for Golden Lane, developed for a competition in 1951,and Robin Hood Gardens, whose construction was finished in 1972.The procedures adopted to elaborate this investigation were: the study of the architects' written production, extensive and significant to the overall understanding of their projects and the re-design of the projects, including the building of computer-generated scale models of the buildings, which allowed a systematic analysis of each of these two projects, thus bringing a good perception of the Smithson's work and their relation to the post-war context.

A pesquisa consiste no estudo dos projetos de habitação coletiva de Alison e Peter Smithson, compreendido entre os anos 1950 e 1972. São dois os projetos analisados, o projeto para Golden Lane, desenvolvido para um concurso, em 1951, e o conjunto Robin Hood Gardens, cuja construção foi finalizada no ano de 1972. Os procedimentos adotados para elaborar esta investigação foram o estudo da produção escrita dos arquitetos, bastante ampla e significativa para o entendimento global dos seus projetos, o redesenho das obras, incluindo a produção de desenhos e maquetes eletrônicas dos edifícios, o que possibilitou uma análise sistemática de cada um destes dois projetos, permitindo o entendimento da obra dos Smithsons e sua relação com o contexto do pós-guerra. / This research consists of the study of council housing projects made by Alison and Peter Smithson, from1950 to 1972. Two projects were analysed: the project for Golden Lane, developed for a competition in 1951,and Robin Hood Gardens, whose construction was finished in 1972.The procedures adopted to elaborate this investigation were: the study of the architects' written production, extensive and significant to the overall understanding of their projects and the re-design of the projects, including the building of computer-generated scale models of the buildings, which allowed a systematic analysis of each of these two projects, thus bringing a good perception of the Smithson's work and their relation to the post-war context.

A pesquisa consiste no estudo dos projetos de habitação coletiva de Alison e Peter Smithson, compreendido entre os anos 1950 e 1972. São dois os projetos analisados, o projeto para Golden Lane, desenvolvido para um concurso, em 1951, e o conjunto Robin Hood Gardens, cuja construção foi finalizada no ano de 1972. Os procedimentos adotados para elaborar esta investigação foram o estudo da produção escrita dos arquitetos, bastante ampla e significativa para o entendimento global dos seus projetos, o redesenho das obras, incluindo a produção de desenhos e maquetes eletrônicas dos edifícios, o que possibilitou uma análise sistemática de cada um destes dois projetos, permitindo o entendimento da obra dos Smithsons e sua relação com o contexto do pós-guerra. / This research consists of the study of council housing projects made by Alison and Peter Smithson, from1950 to 1972. Two projects were analysed: the project for Golden Lane, developed for a competition in 1951,and Robin Hood Gardens, whose construction was finished in 1972.The procedures adopted to elaborate this investigation were: the study of the architects' written production, extensive and significant to the overall understanding of their projects and the re-design of the projects, including the building of computer-generated scale models of the buildings, which allowed a systematic analysis of each of these two projects, thus bringing a good perception of the Smithson's work and their relation to the post-war context.

The diploma thesis "Social Housing - an integral segment of the housing policy and its conceptual design in the Statutory City of Opava" deals with the problem of increasing numbers of individuals or groups who have problems with obtaining decent housing or with the maintenance of the current housing market in the Czech Republic. After 1989, the transformation of housing and significantly changed its ownership structure. Social rental housing segment, however, in our almost non-existent, the concept of social housing is enshrined in our legal framework and no common concept and function for the Czech Republic as a country. In Western Europe, while social housing tradition since the 19th century and is now the total number of rental housing for 18 % allocated as social housing. In the current situation and economic context, it is clear that a stable population will be unable to provide themselves and maintain their own housing. Housing is yet one of the basic social needs, which is not possible without the development of both individual and society. Housing is considered as a specific asset to which not only can be viewed through the lens of economic criteria. For these reasons, it is accentuated in the thesis that social housing in the Czech Republic would be an integral part of the housing stock....

This thesis explores the ongoing regeneration of Raploch council housing estate, in Stirling, focusing on the lived experiences of the established residents who reside in the pre-regeneration council housing estate, or had family or historical links with the area, as well as new residents, who have moved into the new owner occupied houses that were built in the regeneration. Key informants who have worked in a professional capacity in the area were also consulted to broaden the perspective. The regeneration was a response to a long history of deprivation, segregation and stigmatisation, which led to the demolition of council housing on one side of a main road within the area. The demolition site was redeveloped by a partnership of private developers and a social housing provider. As a consequence of the regeneration there were various physical and social changes in the area, caused by the construction of new homes, as well as other changes to the built environment, and the influx of owner occupiers into the new housing. A visual research method, 'auto-driven photo elicitation', was utilised, which allowed an insight into these changes from a unique perspective. Participants made photos of the area, of places they wanted to discuss, which became the starting point of a subsequent interview process; allowing participants to focus on issues relevant to them. The findings showed that the participants attached a great importance to the history of this specific place, but also that there was segregation between the new residents and the established community. Further fragmentations, religious and historic territorial divisions, within the communities were visually reinforced by the regeneration process. The participants also attached great significance to the linguistic and semiotic landscape, which they interpreted in the context of this place.