Counselor cognitive complexity is a counselor’s ability to recognize and organize multiple characteristics that might affect client needs. I examined whether various admissions criteria–Graduate Record Examination (GRE) Verbal, Quantitative, and Analytical Writing scores; previous coursework grade point averages; and faculty co-leaders’ admissions group interview ratings–for 182 applicants to a southwestern U.S. CACREP-accredited master’s counseling program predicted cognitive complexity scores on a modified Counselor Cognitions Questionnaire (CCQ). Participants were predominantly ages 20 to 30 years (91.8%), female (91.8%), and White (81.3%). Multiple regression analyses showed statistical significance with small effect sizes: the admissions criteria together significantly predicted cognitive complexity differentiation (p = .033), accounting for 6.6% of variance, and cognitive complexity integration (p = .003), accounting for 9.8% of variance. The small effect sizes and low variance percentages support the idea that cognitive complexity measured by the modified CCQ is a substantially different phenomenon from commonly-assessed academic aptitude and personality characteristics. If future researchers confirm these findings with additional samples, subsequent researchers could determine whether one or both domains of cognitive complexity, either alone or in combination with one or more of the commonly used admissions criteria, could help counselor educators better predict which applicants will be successful in master’s programs and the counseling field.

The purpose of this study is to determine some principles of a counseling program which applies the principles of democratic supervision. The major emphasis has been given to an analysis of such a program in the light of accepted principles of democratic supervision.

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Syftet med studien är att identifiera betydande skillnader mellan vägledningsverksamheterna på University of Wisconsin-Whitewater och Umeå universitet. Ytterligare ett huvudsyfte är att ge förslag på hur studie- och yrkesvägledarna kan utveckla sina vägledningsverksamheter med utgångspunkt i de skillnader vi identifierat. Detta är en komparativ fältstudie med kvalitativa intervjuer. Informanterna är sex studie- och yrkesvägledare som ger en bild av hur vägledningsverksamheterna är organiserade. De berättar om sina arbetsuppgifter och arbetssätt samt vilka utvecklingsbehov de ser inom respektive verksamhet och redogör för sin kompetens. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna är vägledningsmetoder som visat sig vara effektiva internationellt, förklaringar av vägledningstraditionerna som format vägledarkåren i olika länder samt redogörelse för studie- och yrkesvägledarutbildningarna i Sverige och USA. Resultatet visade att det förekom stora skillnader. Av störst betydelse bedöms vara att Umeå universitet har en välutvecklad e-vägledning och drop-in vägledning men saknar karriärvägledning tillgänglig för alla studenter. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater saknar e- vägledning med personlig kontakt öga mot öga samt drop-in vägledning, men lägger stort fokus på karriärvägledning. Slutsatsen är att båda vägledningsverksamheterna kan utveckla sin vägledning genom att lära av dessa skillnader via ett utbyte av vägledningskompetens. / The purpose of the study is to identify significant differences between the counseling centers at University of Wisconsin-Whitewater and Umeå University. Another main objective is to provide suggestions on how study and career counselors can develop their counseling centers on the basis of the differences identified. This study is a comparative field study with qualitative interviews. The informants are six study and career counselors that provide a picture of how the counseling centers are organized. They talk about their jobs and working practices as well as the need to develop their organizations. They also point out their counseling skills. Counseling methods proven effective internationally, counseling traditions influencing the practice of counseling today and the differences between the Study and Career Counseling Program in Sweden and USA are the theoretical points from where we take our support. The results show that there are in fact big differences. The differences considered to be of most importance is that Umeå University has a well-developed online counseling (e- counseling) and drop-in counseling but has no career counseling available to all students. University of Wisconsin-Whitewater is devoid of all face to face e-counseling and drop-in counseling but adds a strong focus on career counseling. The conclusion is that both counseling centers can develop its counseling by learning from these differences through an exchange of counseling skills.

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF A COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL GROUP COUNSELING PROGRAM ON THE LEARNED RESOURCEFULNESS LEVEL AND AUTOMATIC THOUGHT PATTERNS OF FIFTH GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS. THE STUDY CONSISTS OF TWO PHASES. IN THE FIRST PHASE, CHILDREN&#039 / S VERSION OF SELF-CONTROL (C-SCS) AND COGNITIVE TRIAD INVENTROY FOR CHILDREN (CTI-C) WERE GIVEN TO 232 FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS IN TWO ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN ANKARA. THE DIFFERENCES AMONG THE AUTOMATIC THOUGHT PATTERNS (CTI-C) OF THE STUDENTS BY GENDER AND LEARNED RESOURCEFULNESS (C-SCS) WERE EXPLORED USING A 2 (GENDER) X 2 (HIGH-LOW LEARNED RESOURCEFULNESS) FACTORIAL MANOVA. RESULTS SHOWED THAT STUDENTS WHO WERE HIGHLY RESOURCEFUL SCORED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER IN TOTAL, NEGATIVE VIEW OF SELF, FUTURE AND WORLD AND POSITIVE ViEW OF SELF, FUTURE AND WORLD. AN EXPEROMENTAL DESIGN WITH ONE TRAINING AND TWO CONTROL GROUPS (PLACEBO-ATTENTION AND NO-TREATMENT) AND THREE MEASUREMENTS (PRE, POST AND FOLLOW-UP) WERE USED IN THE SECOND PHASE OF THE STUDY. 45 STUDENTS (27 MALES, 18 FEMALES) WHO HAD LOW LEARNED RESOURCEFULNESS AND NEGATIVE AUTOMATIC THOUGHT PATTERNS WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO ONE TRAINING AND TWO CONTROL GROUPS. &#039 / COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL GROUP COUNSELING PROGRAM&#039 / WAS IMPLEMENTED TO THE COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL TRAINING STUDENTS&#039 / OVER A PERIOD OF 15 SESSIONS. THE SESSIONS WERE HELD ONCE A WEEK AND LASTED IN 90 MINUTES. STUDENTS IN THE PLACEBO-ATTENTION CONTROL GROUP PLAYED NON-THERAPEUTIC GAMES LiKE LOTTO, GAME OF NAME-CITY-ANIMAL-PLANT, HANGING A MAN, SILENT MOVIE AND SOLVED SOME PUZZLES. THE NO-TREATMENT CONTROL GROUP SUBJETCS DID NOT RECEIVE ANY TRAINING. REPEATED MEASURES ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE WAS USED TO ANALYZE THE DATA COLLECTED IN THE EXPERIMENTAL PHASE OF THIS STUDY. CONTRARY TO THE EXPECTATIONS, THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT &#039 / COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL GROUP COUNSELING PROGRAM&#039 / DID NOT IMPROVE LEARNED RESOURCEFULNESS LEVELS AND INCREASE POSITIVE AUTOMATIC THOUGHT PATTERNS OF STUDENTS.

The name of my dissertation, consequently The Position of the Handicapped Persons on the Employment Market in the Písek´s Region indicates that the authoress occupies with the employment rate problems of group of these persons. Not only the authoress practical experiences have caused that she has chosen this subject-matter but the topicality of this subject-matter in itself. The handicapped persons belong into the group of risky persons which are more endangered by unemployement that is why is suitable to devote them to a large extent the protection and care. The dissertation has aim to map out the position of the handicapped persons on the labour market in the Písek´s region by means of the theoretical and practical researching of two chosen instruments exploited by the Employment Agency (Labour Office) in Písek during work with this target group the counseling program of The civic society MESADA and physiotheraphy. Part of work is a proposition of sociotechnical reccomendations for improvement in the quality of mentioned procedures in the concrete conditions of the Employment Agency in Písek and MESADA too. The theoretical part passes from the explanation of basic conceptions of the given issues to description of two concrete instruments exploited for the work with handicapped persons counseling program and physiotheraphy and at the same time it describes the civic society MESADA and Labour Office in Písek. The practical part is introduced by the short characteristics of the Písek´s region from the point of view both the general unemployment and from the point of view of portion of the handicapped persons on the total unemployment (joblessness). The results of research are summarized in the graphic form or table graphs which took place in the form of questionning with the technique of structural interview. The structural review was realized with 10 persons which participated in the physiotheraphy in the year of 2008 and with 31 persons which were undergoing the counseling program from 2004 to 2008.