In this thesis, we have compared between dual-core fiber coupler with photonic crystal fiber coupler. From Surface Integral Equation Method derived from Maxwell¡¦s equations, we can simulate tapered fiber coupler, dual-core fiber coupler and photonic crystal fiber coupler. By analyzing the propagating characteristics and performance of these couplers, we hope to discuss between their advantages and dis-advantages. We have found that at the same parameters, conventional fiber coupler¡¦s coupling length is roughly half compared to photonic crystal coupler. In terms of bandwidth, photonic crystal coupler aided by air-hole tuning can achieve multiples times larger than conventional fiber coupler. So, we believe that in communication networks with a lust of bandwidth, photonic crystal coupler can definitely live up its expectations.

Nowadays, demands for fully integrated and miniaturized RFIC (Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits) have increased in wireless microwave communication system. Passive components such as coupler, divider and filters are always fabricated in outside of ICs due to their bulky sizes, which have been a great barrier to a realization of a fully integrated design. To solve this problem, miniaturization of passive components is one of the big issues at the present time. This paper shows the development of two important microwave passive components, quadrature hybrid and rat-race couplers for LTE lower (698 -960 MHz) and higher (1.71 - 2.70 GHz) frequency bands, which are obtained by replacing quarter-wave (λ/4) transmission line of a conventional coupler by their equivalent coupled line, resulting in significant size reduction. The miniaturized quadrature and rat race couplers are designed and fabricated with a Rogers 4360 substrate as a platform in producing significantly reduction. The design is validated by electromagnetic simulation and measurement. The size of the implemented quadrature hybrid coupler is 30 × 26.8 mm^2 and 14.9 × 12.5 mm^2, which are 82.60 % and 69.03% compared to the conventional couplers for lower and higher frequency band respectively. And, 55.5 × 27.9 mm^2 and 19.2 × 14.8 mm^2 for rat race coupler, which are 79.69 % and 62.35 % compared to the conventional coupler for lower and higher frequency band, respectively. Also, the reflection coefficient and the isolation are as good as conventional one and coupling procedure is similar or better than it.

ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / In this article we present results from modeling and simulation of a L-band reflection type phase shifter (RTPS) that provides continuous phase shift of 0° to 360°. The RTPS circuit uses a 90º hybrid coupler and two reflective load networks consisting of varactor diodes and inductors. Proper design of 90° hybrid coupler is critical in realizing maximum phase shift. The RTPS circuit implemented on a Rogers Duroid substrate is large in size. We discuss methods to reduce the size of L-band RTPS.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Instrumentation antennas installed on missiles and airborne targets are required to be tested and certified prior to flight. The antenna coupler is a means of certifying that the antenna is in proper working condition prior to deployment, as damage to the antennas may have occurred during transportation or installation. This coupler also provides a low cost means to evaluate and monitor the antenna throughout the various stages of design and assembly. These antennas can contain arrays for telemetry, beacon tracking, global positioning systems and flight termination. A failure by any one of these arrays could result in the loss of data or improper operation of the flight vehicle. Description of the design and function of antenna couplers will be discussed.

Purpose of this research is that capillary optic fiber transmission and energy distribution of internal energy. Contains only single from the initial silica capillary fiber energy transfer within the simulation, and then changing the different input conditions (different incident angles, multi- mode and single mode) optical observation of the capillary wall modes and modal distribution between hole mode. Mode simulation, containing only the capillary in the simple addition of a layer of high-dielectric fiber optic ring to change its transmission mechanism, by analog control of its high dielectric ring geometry (thickness) of air holes the size of its hole mode can simulate the type of transmission mode number. By single-and double- layer energy transfer capillary mode simulation and modal changes in different input conditions, and further understanding of the capillary mode fiber transmission characteristics. Combining the concept of adding fiber coupler and single-mode optical fiber capillary to produce a new original, and then by capillary tube method to make thick plugs can be more convenient and rapid production of a new type of coupler components.

The purpose of this study is to use multi-functional optical fiber processing platform produce 2X2 single-mode fiber coupler, and use theory and simulation to analyze, as the basis of the starting, development of novel fused coupler device. The characteristics of this coupler is a 2x2 single-mode fiber coupler in which a single-mode fiber replaced by our laboratory to manufacture the capillary fiber. The use of this coupler is similar to the use of single-mode fiber refractive index of the solution pumped capillary fiber to a liquid switch fiber coupler. We know that the refractive index decreases as the wavelength increases, the slope of the different materials for this change is different, and due to the different materials, the thermal coefficient of refractive index is different, so we can be found in the case of different temperatures, the refractive index of the two materials are equal, and other wavelength is different, therefore, only when the same refractive index of the wavelength in order to fully coupled. The advantages of this coupling is temperature control of its maximum coupling wavelength range, and the capillary fiber core is liquid, we can use this measurement technique for the development of liquid, if the later then the single-mode fiber to replace the other refractive index different fiber, you can use this method to measure the other liquid. Next, use simulation software to simulate this coupler, the coupling wavelength and coupling efficiency values of the change in refractive index different cases, in order to facilitate the produce this novel fused coupler device.

Use the adjustable diameter fiber splicing platform to manufactured coupler, N fibers were put into the appropriate aperture silica capillaries, and then changed the taper model to manufactured fiber coupler [1], and adjusted the taper model and fusion parameters to reduce the fiber transmission loss and reduce the diameter of the fibers to achieve the optical coupling effect. We preferred to the Eisenmann & Weidel in 1988 [2]. It is a low loss of the fusion type equilateral triangle of 3¡Ñ3 fiber coupler. And we will study the asymmetric shape of an 3¡Ñ3 fiber coupler, the research method is the use of arc heating. The fiber has smaller heating area and the heating position which can be controlled. With the parameters which BeamPorp, we cut the fiber coupler and to discuss its cross-section. By the different geometric distribution of fibers, and the core spacing, we discuss the spectra of the OSA to change the coupling site. We changed the interior structure to make the power coupling to a marked effect; if we could control the asymmetric coupler explicitly then we could achieve the transmission power [3], power coupling, and the multiple spectra of light.

<p>Ericsson develops a new stripline directional coupler. Its design is described in appendix B and differs from the directional couplers Ericsson uses in current products. The new directional coupler will be used for transmission power measurement in future UMTS 3G base stations.</p><p>The most important parts of directional coupler theory are presented. It is necessary to study this theory to understand how the coupler works and how it should be designed to get good performance.</p><p>Optimal directional coupler termination component values to get high directivity and broad directivity bandwidth have been investigated.</p><p>The trim screws trim ranges have been studied.</p><p>A simple analysis of serial production performance when termination component tolerances are taken into consideration has been done.</p><p>The resistance components reactive (inductive/capacitive) characteristics at 2.14 GHz have been analyzed.</p><p>The directivity performance limitations of the directional coupler, when Ericsson’s band pass filter is connected, are investigated.</p><p>Design changes leading to better performance are proposed. Some important relations between design choices and performance are explained.</p> / <p>Ericsson utvecklar en ny typ av striplineriktkopplare. Dess utformning beskrivs i appendix B och skiljer sig från de riktkopplare Ericsson använder i nuvarande produkter. Den nya riktkopplaren ska användas för uteffektmätning i framtida UMTS 3G basstationer.</p><p>De viktigaste delarna av riktkopplarteori gås igenom. Det är nödvändigt att studera teorin för att förstå riktkopplarens funktion och för att förstå hur den ska designas för att få bra prestanda.</p><p>Optimala värden på riktkopplartermineringskomponenter har laborerats fram för att få så hög direktivitet och stor direktivitets-bandbredd som möjligt.</p><p>Trimskruvarnas trimområde har kartlagts.</p><p>En enkel analys av serieproduktionsprestanda har gjorts med hänsyn till termineringskomponenternas toleranser.</p><p>Resistanskomponenternas reaktiva (induktiva/kapacitiva) karakteristik vid 2.14 GHz har undersökts.</p><p>Riktkopplarens direktivitetsprestandabegränsningar när Ericssons bandpassfilter är inkopplat utreds.</p><p>Förslag till möjliga förbättringar ges. Vissa viktiga samband mellan designval och prestanda klarläggs.</p>

Ericsson develops a new stripline directional coupler. Its design is described in appendix B and differs from the directional couplers Ericsson uses in current products. The new directional coupler will be used for transmission power measurement in future UMTS 3G base stations. The most important parts of directional coupler theory are presented. It is necessary to study this theory to understand how the coupler works and how it should be designed to get good performance. Optimal directional coupler termination component values to get high directivity and broad directivity bandwidth have been investigated. The trim screws trim ranges have been studied. A simple analysis of serial production performance when termination component tolerances are taken into consideration has been done. The resistance components reactive (inductive/capacitive) characteristics at 2.14 GHz have been analyzed. The directivity performance limitations of the directional coupler, when Ericsson’s band pass filter is connected, are investigated. Design changes leading to better performance are proposed. Some important relations between design choices and performance are explained. / Ericsson utvecklar en ny typ av striplineriktkopplare. Dess utformning beskrivs i appendix B och skiljer sig från de riktkopplare Ericsson använder i nuvarande produkter. Den nya riktkopplaren ska användas för uteffektmätning i framtida UMTS 3G basstationer. De viktigaste delarna av riktkopplarteori gås igenom. Det är nödvändigt att studera teorin för att förstå riktkopplarens funktion och för att förstå hur den ska designas för att få bra prestanda. Optimala värden på riktkopplartermineringskomponenter har laborerats fram för att få så hög direktivitet och stor direktivitets-bandbredd som möjligt. Trimskruvarnas trimområde har kartlagts. En enkel analys av serieproduktionsprestanda har gjorts med hänsyn till termineringskomponenternas toleranser. Resistanskomponenternas reaktiva (induktiva/kapacitiva) karakteristik vid 2.14 GHz har undersökts. Riktkopplarens direktivitetsprestandabegränsningar när Ericssons bandpassfilter är inkopplat utreds. Förslag till möjliga förbättringar ges. Vissa viktiga samband mellan designval och prestanda klarläggs.

This thesis presents the theory design and fabrication of a diffractive grating coupler. The first part of the design process is to choose the period of the grating coupler based on the desired coupling angle. The second part of the design process is to choose the geometry of the grating that gives maximum coupling efficiency based on rigorous analyses. The diffraction gratings are fabricated by recording the interference between two waves in photoresist. The waveguide is fabricated from silicon nitride that is deposited by chemical vapor deposition. The diffraction grating recording assembly is described along with the grating coupler fabrication process. A grating coupler is fabricated with an input coupling efficiency of 15% at a coupling angle of 22.9°. The results also show that the light is being coupled into the nitride waveguide indirectly. The light is coupled first into a photoresist slab and then into the nitride waveguide through modal coupling and scattering. An analysis of the structure explains the coupling, and rigorous analyses are given to show that the measured results are in accordance with theory.