The Crimes Act 1961 and the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 provide that a person accused of a criminal offence in New Zealand has the right to be represented at trial by counsel. The purpose of representation by counsel is to protect the accused�s interests; ensure that the accused is able to present their defence to the Court; ensure that the accused receives a fair trial; and ensure that the accused is not the subject of a miscarriage of justice. It is implicit that criminal defence counsel must be competent if they are to be effective advocates on behalf of their clients. If counsel is not competent, there is a risk that counsel�s acts or omissions may cause or contribute to a miscarriage of justice. The Crimes Act 1961 allows an accused to appeal against their conviction on the basis that they have been the subject of a miscarriage of justice through the conduct of their counsel. The thesis analyses the Supreme Court decision of R v Sungsuwan that sets out the test that an appellate court must consider when deciding to allow an appeal based on the conduct of counsel. The thesis examines 239 Court of Appeal decisions between 1996 and 2007 that have considered appeals from jury trials where at least one of the grounds of appeal was that defence counsel caused or contributed to a miscarriage of justice. The thesis notes the increasing trend to use "conduct of counsel" as a ground of appeal. In 1996 there were 4 appeals; in 2006 there were 43 such appeals and in 2007 there were 29 appeals. During the period under review the Court of Appeal allowed the appeal and specifically held that counsel�s conduct, either alone or in combination with other grounds, caused or contributed to a miscarriage of justice in 41 cases. The thesis analyses the common complaints made by an accused against trial counsel and the common areas where the Court of Appeal upheld complaints against counsel. The thesis takes into account the Lawyers and Conveyancers Act 2006 and the Lawyers and Conveyancers (Lawyer: Conduct and Client Care) Rules 2008 that came into existence on 1 August 2008. The new legislation places particular emphasis on the obligations of counsel to uphold the rule of law and to facilitate the administration of justice in New Zealand. Counsel also has an obligation to protect the interests of their clients. The thesis concludes that the plethora of cases coming before the Court of Appeal, and the number of appeals allowed by the Court, demonstrate defence counsel do not always protect the interests of their clients and can cause or contribute to a miscarriage of justice. The thesis makes a number of recommendations that may reduce the risk of both an accused appealing on the basis on the conduct of counsel and an appeal being allowed on the basis of the conduct of counsel. In particular, it is suggested that there should be greater degree of co-operation between the New Zealand Law Society and the Legal Services Agency to ensure the maintenance of high standards among criminal defence lawyers.

In South Africa there is no legislation defining the role of court interpreters. This has resulted in legal officials (magistrates and judges) forming their own opinions as to what the role of court interpreters is. As such court interpreters find themselves performing tasks that are outside their scope of duties, for example acting as magistrates, in turn compromising their own tasks in the process. The aim of this study therefore is to determine the degree to which the lack of a definition of the role of court interpreters affects the quality of court interpreting. In the study, the researcher was guided by the Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) approach. The research procedures that were followed in the study combined the top-down and bottom-up approaches. In the top-down approach, two legislations, namely, “The Magistrates’ Court Act 44 of 1944 (as amended)” and “The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 93 of 1996 (as amended)”, were examined in order to determine whether the role of court interpreters is defined and, if so, to what extent. In the bottom-up approach, examples of court proceedings were studied in order to determine specific roles that are played by court interpreters during trials. Extracts from transcripts of mechanically-recorded court proceedings were also analysed to establish whether magistrates made any references to the role of court interpreters in these trials. It is hoped that this study will shed more light on the role of court interpreters which could lead to better quality interpreting. / Linguistics / M.A. (Linguistics (Translation studies))

In South Africa there is no legislation defining the role of court interpreters. This has resulted in legal officials (magistrates and judges) forming their own opinions as to what the role of court interpreters is. As such court interpreters find themselves performing tasks that are outside their scope of duties, for example acting as magistrates, in turn compromising their own tasks in the process. The aim of this study therefore is to determine the degree to which the lack of a definition of the role of court interpreters affects the quality of court interpreting. In the study, the researcher was guided by the Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) approach. The research procedures that were followed in the study combined the top-down and bottom-up approaches. In the top-down approach, two legislations, namely, “The Magistrates’ Court Act 44 of 1944 (as amended)” and “The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Act 93 of 1996 (as amended)”, were examined in order to determine whether the role of court interpreters is defined and, if so, to what extent. In the bottom-up approach, examples of court proceedings were studied in order to determine specific roles that are played by court interpreters during trials. Extracts from transcripts of mechanically-recorded court proceedings were also analysed to establish whether magistrates made any references to the role of court interpreters in these trials. It is hoped that this study will shed more light on the role of court interpreters which could lead to better quality interpreting. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / M.A. (Linguistics (Translation studies))

Teisės magistro baigiamojo darbo tema yra aktuali, nes iki šiol Lietuvoje nebuvo pakankamai nuodugniai nagrinėti administracinės bylos proceso dalyvių instituto teisinės padėties aspektai. Problema slypi tame, kad rengiamame Administracinio proceso kodekso projekte žadama reglamentuoti tiek administracinės bylos proceso dalyvių teisinę padėtį, tiek administracinių teisės pažeidimų bylos proceso dalyvių teisinę padėtį. Tuo tarpu šių administracinių bylų kategorijų skirtumai yra pernelyg akivaizdūs, o egzistuojančios teisinio reglamentavimo spragos ir neaiškumai - realūs. Neatskleidus šių bylų proceso dalyvių teisinio statuso bei teisinės padėties ypatumų, bus pažeisti daugelis administracinės teisės ir administracinio proceso principų. Darbo tyrimo objektas – administracinės bylos proceso dalyvių teisinę padėtį sąlygojantys veiksniai. Tyrimo dalykas –administracinės bylos proceso dalyvių ir administracinių teisės pažeidimų bylos proceso dalyvių teisinę padėtį sąlygojančių veiksnių visuma. Tyrimo hipotezė – administracinės bylos proceso dalyvių teisinę padėtį sąlygoja administracinio proceso teisinio reglamentavimo diskodifikavimas, aktyvaus teismo vaidmuo administraciniame procese ir administracinės bylos proceso dalyvių teisiniai apribojimai pasirinkti procesinę elgseną. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti administracinės bylos proceso dalyvių teisinės padėties sąlygotumą nuo tam tikrų veiksnių ir ištirti, kaip, pasitelkus šiuos veiksnius, galima keisti teisinę padėtį taip, kad... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Topic of the MA in Law thesis is relevant, whereas legal status aspects of the parties to the administrative proceedings yet have not been scrutinized in sufficient detail in Lithuania. The problem is that the draft Administrative Process Code, which is currently under preparation, intends to regulate legal status of both the parties to the administrative court proceedings and the parties to the administrative offence proceedings. Meanwhile, class differences between the said types of administrative cases are self-evident and gaps and obscurities of the existing legal regulation are factual. In case of failure to display peculiarities of legal status and position of the parties of such cases many principles of administrative law and administrative process shall be violated. Research subject of the thesis is factors determining legal status of the parties to the administrative court proceedings. Object of the research is factors determining legal status of the parties to the administrative court proceedings and the administrative offence proceedings as a whole. Research hypothesis: legal status of the parties to the administrative court proceedings is conditioned by legal regulation of administrative process, role of court in the administrative process and process role selected by the very parties of such proceedings. Aim of the research is to evaluate how particular factors affect legal status of the parties to the administrative court proceedings and to explore how to... [to full text]

Thesis (MA (Counselling Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

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This thesis deals with the legal capacity proceedings, which are the procedural reflection of legislation of restriction on legal capacity included in the Civil code. The legal capacity is the key legal institution for the human possibility to make a juridical acts. In some cases, it is neccessary, for the reason of protection of human, to restrict on the legal capacity, eventually to choose another preferable measure. Procedural regulation of these proceedings is, with effect from 1. 1. 2014, contained in the Code on Special Court Proceedings (Act No. 292/2013 Coll.), as it comprises certain derogations from classic contentious proceedings. The aim of the thesis is to comprehensively summarise and interpret this legislation including her relation on the substantive regulation, point out her faults and propose options, how to remove them. To this purpose, opinions of experts and present case law regarding these matters are in the thesis also confronted. The thesis consists of three main chapters, which are subdivided into some subchapters and sections. The content of this three chapters is the general delimitation of legal capacity, the excursion into the history of legal capacity and the procedural regulation of the legal capacity proceedings. The aim of the first chapter is to introduce the concept of...

The portrayal of law in television programs on the example of the series Judge Barbara Dominika Muschaliková Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the depiction of law and lawyers in Czech serial production on the example of the TV show Judge Barbara. It analysis means the creators use to capture the judicial environment and the impressions of the judicial environment viewers get from the show. It also compares this depiction with reality and evaluates the educational potential of the show. The second part seeks to answer the question of whether it is ethically permissible for real judges and lawyers to participate in the production of these programs, draws attention to the complexities of professional advice on television production and gives future legal advisers recommendations how to proceed when asked to partipate in such project. Key words Portrayal, law, television, court proceedings, TV shows, Judge Barbara

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Paraguayan Justice has been going through a period of deep transformation. The Justice has many challenges to face. Those challenges should be regarded as opportunities for transformation and not as threats. It is a fact that information and communication technology (ICT) per se cannot solve all current challenges; however, it can offer solutions to the many problems that confront the judiciary. In that sense, ICT development becomes the best ally of Justice. The Information, Technology, Processes, Objectives and values, Staff and skills, Management systems and structures, and Other resources (ITPOSMO) dimensions described by Heeks (2006) are applied as the basis for evaluating ICT in the judicial sphere. This research validates the opinion of the users with regard to ICT projects. Judges, court and administrative officials, managers and lawyers constitute the unit of analysis of this study. These stakeholders were interviewed and requested to complete a survey. The study reveals the high level of relevance that ICT holds for the judiciary, in the sense of providing information and tools for interacting with different users. The objective of ICT is to act as support for improving court and administrative performance through the different ICT systems. Nonetheless, this research has also uncovered limitations and flaws in the current information systems. These flaws tend to turn the benefits that ICT systems can bring into constraints. This study makes various suggestions on how to overcome those flaws. The most important suggestion is the development of a holistic approach when ICT projects are conceived. Likewise, the early involvement of stakeholders who will be influenced by any ICT initiative should be encouraged. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Paraquay se Justisie het deur ‘n moeilike transformasie tydperk gegaan. Die Justisie het met baie uitdagings te doen gekry. Hierdie uitdagings moet beskou word as geleenthede vir transformasie en nie as bedreiginge nie. Dit is ‘n feit dat inligting en kommunikasie tegnologie (IKT) op sigself nie alle huidige uitdagings kan oplos nie, alhoewel dit oplossings kan verskaf vir baie van die probleme wat die regbank ondervind. In hierdie opsig is IKT ontwikkeling die beste roete vir Justisie. Die Inligting, Tegnologie, Prosesse, Doelwitte en waardes, Personeel en vaardighede, Bestuurstelsels en –strukture, en Ander hulpbronne (ITPDPBA) dimensies wat deur Heeks (2006) beskryf word, is gebruik as basis vir die evaluering van IKT in die regterlike omgewing. Hierdie navorsing staaf die opinie van die gebruikers wat betref IKT projekte. Regters, regs- en administratiewe beamptes, bestuurders en regsgeleerders vorm die eenheid van analise in hierdie studie. Onderhoude is met hierdie rolspelers gevoer en hulle is versoek om ‘n vraelys te voltooi. Die studie het die hoë vlak van toepaslikheid wat IKT vir die regbank bied deur die voorsiening van inligting en hulpmiddels vir interaksie met verskillende gebruikers, onthul. Die doel van IKT is om as ondersteuning te dien om howe en die administrasie se werkverrigting te verbeter met behulp van verskillende IKT stelsels. Nogtans het hierdie navorsing ook beperkinge en foute in die huidige inligtingstelsels bloot gelê. Hierdie foute neig om die voordele wat IKT stelsels kan bring, in beperkinge om te skakel. Hierdie studie maak verskeie voorstelle oor hoe om daardie foute te oorkom. Die belangrikste voorstel is die ontwikkeling van ‘n holistiese benadering wanneer IKT projekte bedink word. Terseldertyd moet die vroeë betrokkenheid van rolspelers wat deur enige IKT inisiatief beïnvloed sal word, aangemoedig word.

This study was conducted with the aim to research guidelines for uniformed members, detectives, and public witnesses, for use in testifying in court. The researcher reviewed relevant literature, both national and international, in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the research problem. The researcher conducted the research on the basis of an empirical design, be-cause it involved going out into the field and ascertaining the personal experiences and knowledge of the participants. The explicit design was considered the most suitable for this research, because the researcher put everything in the open by checking the weak points and the strong points regarding testifying in court. This means that everything was made open, even police testimony. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)