Magistro darbo objektas – ŽIV/AIDS problematika žiniasklaidoje. Darbo tikslas – ištirti ir nustatyti ŽIV/AIDS problematikos nagrinėjimo žiniasklaidoje ypatumus. Darbo uždaviniai: atskleisti ŽIV/AIDS problematikos, kontrolės ir prevencijos sąsają; ištirti žiniasklaidos vaidmenį pateikiant ŽIV/AIDS problematiką, jos įtaką visuomenės nuomonei ir informacijos sklaidai; išnagrinėti ŽIV/AIDS problematikos pateikimo Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje tendencijas; išanalizuoti ir palyginti ŽIV/AIDS problematikos nagrinėjimo žiniasklaidoje privalumus ir trūkumus, remiantis ŽIV/AIDS srities specialistų nuomone. Išanalizavus mokslinę literatūrą, atlikus ŽIV/AIDS problematikos nagrinėjimo žiniasklaidoje tyrimą remiantis kiekybinės turinio analizės ir kokybinio ekspertų interviu metodais, teigtina – ŽIV/AIDS problematika, kontrolė ir prevencija yra glaudžiai susiję dalykai ir reikia bendro vientiso požiūrio į jų sprendimą. Žiniasklaida atlieka svarbų daugialypį vaidmenį nušviečiant ŽIV/AIDS problematiką – tai yra žiniasklaida ne tik atspindi trupalaikį ir planuojamą poveikį turinčią informaciją bet ir linkusi domėtis ir gilintis į ŽIV/AIDS problematiką, prisidėti prie ŽIV/AIDS prevencijos siekių įgyvendinimo, įtakoti visuomenės grupių socializacijos procesus, padėti „apsibrėžti realybę“, pažintinius aspektus, kas yra pasiekiama žinant jos įtaką visuomenės nuomonei. Žiniasklaida, veikianti kaip svarbus socializacijos proceso agentas, yra linkusi įtakoti ilgalaikius poveikio efektus, prisidėti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Because of it‘s importance in public life, mass media has incomparable opportunity to inform and educate general population on HIV/AIDS issues and protect from danger to get infected with HIV. Therefore, it is important to find out and assess peculiarities of HIV/AIDS coverage in mass media. This aim was pursued by the following work tasks: to display relations among HIV/AIDS topic, control and prevention; to evaluate the role of mass media in covering this topic; to research the trends of HIV/AIDS coverage in Lithuanian mass media; to analyse and compare advantages and shortcomings of the topic coverage in mass media by means of specialists’ opinion. Work object was HIV/AIDS coverage in mass media. Analysis of scientific printed matters and available research results allow to conclude that HIV/AIDS topic, control and prevention are tightly related as these issues require general integral point of view. Role of mass media and its impact onto prevention of epidemics and reduction of prevalence is obvious, possible potential to perform this role is also well-seen. Quantitative content analysis and quality expert interview used to assess HIV/AIDS coverage in mass media resulted into following conclusions: professional HIV/AIDS coverage in mass media depends on comprehensive complex point of view, and not only on attention and possibilities of the mass media but also on effective cooperation with interested institutions and population groups to affect targeted dissemination of... [to full text]

This thesis examines the handling of the public relations and subsequent news reporting of the 1942 Dieppe raid. Based on official communiques the Canadian newspapers initially portrayed Dieppe as success and featured human-interest stories written by war correspondents. The revelations of the heavy casualties and a more detailed explanation led some newspapers to criticize the raid, although their reactions reflected their political positions. The Canadian military conducted a campaign to sell the value of Dieppe to the Canadian public, largely patterned on the public relations plans of Mountbatten's Combined Operations Headquarters that distracted fiom failure by emphasising heroism, alleged successes, and the lessons learned. War correspondents actively assisted the military's publicity efforts. General McNaughton wanted a more truthful account, but ultimately chose coalition needs over accurate independent publicity. The information campaign although persuasive for many, left numerous Canadians unconvinced that the raid was successful.

This thesis investigates how male and female athletes competing in the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro were portrayed in two British and two American newspapers (The Daily Telegraph, The Independent, Los Angeles Times and The Washington Post). It also examines how the total amount of coverage was distributed between athletes of each gender. Previous studies have shown that female athletes are not given as much space as male athletes (Jones, 2004, Caple, Greenwood, & Lumby, 2011, Godoy-Pressland 2014) and that when they are reported on, not portrayed in the same way as male athletes (Eagleman, 2015). This can have negative effects for athletes and their sport (Knight & Giuliano, 2011). For this essay, a corpus was created out of articles from the four newspapers, which were subsequently analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The findings showed a greater equality in the amount of coverage provided by newspapers than had been shown by previous studies, but with such a small sample, results could not be generalised widely. For the qualitative analysis, articles from two specific events were analysed and determined to not contain any major differences between males and females, with only one exception, which was Los Angeles Times’ article on the women’s artistic gymnastics team all-around event.

The problem is to determine if identifiable factors influence selection of soft news for coverage on television newscasts. Data were obtained from news releases, newscast scripts, and interviews with participating practitioners and editors. Chapter I presents the problem; Chapter II contains an analysis of news releases submitted to editors; Chapter III presents analysis of techniques and attitudes of practitioners and editors; Chapter IV presents conclusions and guidelines. The study indicated practitioners could influence selection of their items through attention to certain factors and techniques: elements of newsworthiness, personal contact, method of item dissemination, quantity of items submitted, and professionalism and credibility. Specific guidelines were developed for practitioners to follow in dealing with television news editors.

This thesis is about the relationship between Hurricane Katrina and the television news industry. My goal was to record the experiences of my fellow co-workers at WWL-TV, which was the only local television station to remain on the air throughout the hurricane. I also wanted to perform a review of the news industry up until the point of the storm, in order to analyze any affects the hurricane may have had on news coverage in general.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / South Africa has not responded well to recommendations in national evaluation reports to address human resource challenges associated with the implementation of nutrition programmes and improved service delivery. Twenty-four years have passed since the dawning of democracy and the nutrition situation within the population has actually deteriorated, with persistently high levels of stunting in young children and the growing prevalence of overweight and obesity in all age groups. These conditions not only rob people of their potential, but they carry a high cost for the state and society as a whole. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive and empirically sound nutrition workforce development planning framework for the public health sector so that it is better equipped to address the nutrition-related burden of disease in South Africa. The study explored the provision of nutrition services in South Africa, focusing on the nutrition-specific work components of health personnel ‒ doctors, nurses, dietitians, nutritionists, health promoters and community health workers working at the primary health care level in the public health sector. Evidence-based workforce information was collected through a mixed methodology comprising: literature reviews, document reviews, analysis of scopes of practice, job descriptions, competencies, workforce surveys, key informant interviews and consensus assessments through the application of the Delphi technique. Permission was obtained to adapt and use questionnaires from an Australian workforce study. Ethical approval, permission to conduct the study and informed consent were obtained prior to the commencement of the interviews. Data was then analysed using descriptive statistics, content and thematic analysis and triangulation of all findings, followed by consensus assessments to describe the nutrition workforce and delineate the roles and functions thereof. The comprehensive planning framework that was developed was applied to the Western Cape province.

Orientador: Edison Iglesias de Oliveira Vidal / Resumo: Introdução: O Streptococcus Pneumoniae é o agente infeccioso mais frequentemente associado à ocorrência de pneumonia bacteriana e a vacinação é considerada a principal estratégia para a prevenção dessa doença. De acordo com o Programa Nacional de Imunização (PNI) a vacina pneumocócica polissacarídica 23-valente (Pn23) não faz parte do calendário básico de vacinação e deve ser dispensada a indivíduos a partir de 2 anos de idade desde que portadores de um conjunto de doenças e condições de alto risco para infecções pneumocócicas. A forma de operacionalização atual do PNI em relação à Pn23 se dá de modo que essa vacina não se encontra disponível nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) e sua liberação se dá mediante solicitação aos Centros de Referência em Imunobiológicos Especiais (CRIEs), através de uma ficha de Solicitação de Imunobiológicos Especiais (SIBE). Acredita-se que tal formatação da logística de dispensação da vacina constitui um elemento limitador do acesso da população adulta à mesma. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção piloto no município de Jahu de caráter multifatorial sobre a frequência de dispensação da Pn23 para a população adulta com indicação clínica conforme definida pelo PNI. Métodos: A intervenção foi composta por um componente caracterizado pela descentralização do fluxo de dispensação da vacina, de modo que esta passasse a estar disponível diretamente nas UBS, como é feito com as demais vacinas do calendário básico ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: Streptococcus Pneumoniae is the infectious agent most commonly associated with bacterial pneumonia and vaccination against it is considered the main strategy to prevent its occurrence. According to the Brazilian National Immunization Program (NIP) the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pn23) is not part of the country’s basic vaccination program and is recommended only for individuals aged 2 years and older who suffer from a variety of high-risk diseases and conditions for pneumococcal infections. The current operationalization of the NIP regarding the Pn23 vaccine determines that that vaccine is not available at Primary Healthcare Units (PHU) and that its distribution to those units is conditional to the receipt of a special vaccine request form by the regional Reference Centers for Special Immunobiologic Products (RCSIP). We believed that such centralized system of distribution of the Pn23 vaccine constituted a barrier for the eligible adult population to have access the vaccine. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of a multifactorial intervention on the frequency of use of the Pn23 vaccine among adults of the municipality of Jahu with a clinical indication for the vaccine according to the NIP. Methods: The intervention consisted of the decentralization of the Pn23 vaccine distribution so that doses of that vaccine were made available at each PHU as if it were part of the country’s basic vaccination program. Additionally, t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Media Studies, 2016 / Many African countries have been holding regular elections since the “Third Wave” of democratisation which reintroduced multi-party politics on the African continent, but few of these elections meet the democratic litmus test, due to, among other factors, the prevalence of election violence. The press has been justifiably or unjustifiably indicted for these imbroglios on account of alleged transgressions linked to its overt or covert incitement to violence. In the ensuing political contestations, citizens bear the burden of diminished prospects of credible information occasioned by a highly politicised press. In the Southern African region, there is no better case to illustrate the entanglement of the press in electoral contestations than Zimbabwe. This study is a qualitative exploration of press and citizen discourses on election violence during the presidential and parliamentary elections held in Zimbabwe between 2000 and 2013. A Foucauldian discursive analytic approach was used to analyse the representation of election violence in two-state-owned and four privately-owned newspapers during presidential and parliamentary elections held over the specified period spanning thirteen years. The study also examined how these press discourses interrelate with citizen discourses. Empirical data were drawn from a corpus of archival textual data comprising hard news and feature articles published in The Herald, The Sunday Mail, The Zimbabwe Independent, The Financial Gazette, Newsday and the Daily News. In-depth interviews were conducted with purposively targeted journalists and editors from the selected newspapers. In addition, in-depth-interviews were held with twenty-one (21) regular newspaper readers who were also politically engaged citizens. The main observation was that press representation of election violence was marked by antagonistic discursive practices reflective of the rivulets of political and ideological bifurcation. Consequently, competing and politically expedient journalistic philosophies emerged. The state-owned press used a model of ‘national interest’ journalism while the privately-owned press preferred the ‘human-rights’ model which crystallized into an over-arching ‘activist journalism’. This ‘activist’ journalistic approach found expression through an array of anti-democratic press discursive practices epitomised by selectivity, silence and salience, the consequence of which was that citizens were starved of credible and impartial information. This thesis argues that the anti-democratic discursive practices deployed by the press camps blunted the citizenry’s critical engagement with the exact motivations, causes and manifestations of election violence. These anti-democratic discursive practices have a potential to engender a culture of political intolerance with long-term consequences that predispose society to political conflict rather than consensus building. / MT2017

No description available.

"Abstract. Urbanization has a significant impact on water quality. Urban drainage systems and impervious surfaces accelerate the delivery of pollutants from land areas in watersheds to streams and rivers. The harmful pollutants include sodium and chloride associated with the application of road salts during the winter, metals and oils associated with vehicles and impervious surface. The goal of this project was to access impacts of urbanization on River Meadow Brook and validate a chloride assessment tool. The first phase of this research was a part of a chloride study sponsored by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MassDEP). The second phase of the projects included flow and water quality monitoring. The first phase of the project involved the development of a linear regression equation to validate a chloride assessment tool that MassDEP had developed and implemented based on historical data. River Meadow Brook, a Massachusetts stream that flows from a non-urban, rural area with relatively low pollutant concentrations to highly urbanized area in Lowell, MA, was chosen for that purpose because of the area’s large concentration of roadways and highways and historically high concentrations of chloride. Water samples and continuous conductivity data were collected for a 7-month period. Using 24 grab samples analyzed at the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) laboratory in Chelmsford, MA, the model was validated with 99.37% confidence using a linear regression equation. Therefore, the relationship between conductivity and chloride was validated. Calculated chloride was used to identify chloride violations of ambient water quality standards in River Meadow Brook. In addition to MassDEP study, the relationship between the percent of imperviousness and various trace metals, anions and total suspended solids was developed to show impacts of urbanization on the stream. The research approach included collection of both water samples and flows to calculate daily pollutant loads. Water monitoring included grab samples and unattended continuous conductivity with a 30-minute recording intervals. Discharge monitoring included collection of flows in River Meadow Brook using a brad- crested dam and the area- velocity technique. A wide variety of cations from a sampling of 5 sites along River Meadow Brook were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cl, sulfate and nitrate were analyzed using the Dionex ICS-2100 Ion Chromatography System. Laboratory results of water quality parameters showed that pollutants associated with impervious surface increase as the stream flows from its headwaters to downstream. The result from the Pearson correlation analysis revealed that sodium, chloride, potassium, vanadium, nickel, copper, arsenic, TSs and pH had a positive relationship with imperviousness while DO and nitrate had negative relationship. The combination of laboratory and field analysis helped to assess the impacts of urbanization and checked against ambient water quality standards. "