Falhas de mercado, como imperfeições informacionais e dificuldades de fazer com que os contratos sejam cumpridos, podem levar arranjos financeiros alternativos, como cooperativas de crédito, a permitir o acesso a crédito que de outra forma não seria possível. Tal vantagem depende de características locais como a confiança e informação compartilhada no município (que pode ser chamado de capital social). Esta dissertação realiza uma avaliação empírica decorrente da ideia expressa acima. Nela testa-se se o capital social - medido por variáveis como votos brancos e nulos em eleições para vereador, homogeneidade de renda, religião e raça - impacta a quantidade de cooperativas de crédito existentes nos municípios brasileiros de 2000 a 2008. Os resultados corroboram a tese exposta indicando que o capital social está positivamente relacionado com o número de cooperativas no Brasil.Todavia, os resultados dependem de quais variáveis são utilizadas como medidas de capital social. É possível que algumas variáveis de homogeneidade e imigração utilizadas não sejam boas medidas de capital social. Ademais, também há indícios que essa relação positiva não é fruto apenas de uma relação positiva com o crédito em geral. / Market failures such as informational imperfections and problems with enforcement may lead alternative financial arrangements, such as credit unions, to have superior results compared to the traditional banking system. This advantage depends on local characteristics such as trust and shared information, or social capital, in the municipality. Thisdissertation conducts an empirical evaluation due to the idea expressed above. It tests if the social capital, measured by valid votes in elections for city council, homogeneity of income, religion and race, impacts the amount of credit unions in Brazilian municipalities from 2000 to 2008. The results confirm the thesis exposed above indicating that social capital is positively related to the number of credit unions in Brazil. However, the results depend on which variables are used to measure the social capital existing. It is possible that some variables used related to homogeneity and immigration are not good measures of social capital. Moreover, there is also evidence that this positive association is not only the result of a positive relationship with credit in general.

by Choi Tai-kai, Hui Lai-king. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1983 / Bibliography: leaves [105-106]

by Wong Chi-cheung. / Abstract also in Chinese / Bibliography: leaf 37 / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1983

by Cheung Mo Man, Mandy, Lau Yiu Kwong, Clive. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [31]-[34] (2nd group)). / EXECUTIVE SUMMARY --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- OBJECTIVES --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Decision-Making Objective --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Research Objectives --- p.7 / Chapter III. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1 --- Standardization Versus Adaptation --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- International Marketing Standardization --- p.11 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- International Marketing Adaptation --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Standardization or Adaptation? --- p.14 / Chapter 3.2 --- Studies on Credit Card Market --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Cross-Cultural Studies of Credit Cardholders --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Studies of the Credit Card Market in Hong Kong --- p.20 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Studies of the Credit Card Market in the United Kingdom --- p.23 / Chapter 3.3 --- Overview of the Credit Card Market --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Global Market --- p.25 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Hong Kong Market --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- United Kingdom Market --- p.39 / Chapter IV. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1 --- Research Design --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2 --- Data Collection --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Secondary Data Collection --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Primary Data Collection --- p.48 / Chapter 4.3 --- Sampling --- p.50 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Sampling Method --- p.50 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Sample Size --- p.51 / Chapter 4.4 --- Construction of Questionnaire --- p.52 / Chapter 4.5 --- Field Work --- p.55 / Chapter 4.6 --- Data Analysis --- p.56 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Editing --- p.56 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Coding --- p.57 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Methods of Analysis --- p.58 / Chapter V. --- LIMITATIONS --- p.61 / Chapter 5.1 --- Sampling Control --- p.61 / Chapter 5.2 --- Information Control --- p.62 / Chapter 5.3 --- Administrative Control --- p.63 / Chapter VI. --- FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS --- p.65 / Chapter 6 .1 --- Usage Patterns --- p.65 / Chapter 6.2 --- Card Selection Criteria --- p.72 / Chapter 6.3 --- Attitudes Toward Credit Cards --- p.76 / Chapter 6.4 --- Demographic Characteristics of Heavy Users --- p.81 / Chapter VII. --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.85 / Chapter 7.1 --- Standardization Versus Adaptation --- p.85 / Chapter 7.2 --- Recommended Marketing Strategies --- p.89 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Marketing Strategies for the HK Market --- p.89 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Marketing Strategies for the UK Market --- p.93 / APPENDIX / BIBLIOGRAPHY

by Lam Pui-fong Karen. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-53). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.v / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- PROBLEMS AND METHODOLOGY --- p.7 / Chapter III. --- TYPES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE SETTLEMENT --- p.11 / International Trade --- p.11 / Parties Involved in Doing International Trade --- p.12 / Payment Methods Used by Hong Kong Exporters --- p.14 / Chapter IV. --- RISK PARAMETERS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE… --- p.22 / General Commercial Risks --- p.22 / Additional Risk Parameters --- p.24 / Chapter V. --- COMMON TRADE SETTLEMENT METHODS IN HONG KONG --- p.34 / Implicit Controls --- p.35 / Financing Ease --- p.37 / Political Arbitrage --- p.40 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.43 / Documentary Risks --- p.43 / Bank Risks --- p.45 / Jurisdiction --- p.46 / Summary Observations --- p.47 / Concluding Remarks --- p.50 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.51

by Po Wai-Kwong, Stephen. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 46-47.

by Chan Wai-Tak. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 113-118.

Credit Default Swaps (CDS) instruments - as an indicator of credit risk - were one of the most prominent innovations in financial engineering. Very limited literature existed on the drivers of CDS spreads before the financial crisis due to the opacity of this market and its lack of transparency. First, this thesis investigates the drivers of CDS spread in the UK banking sector, by considering the role of the housing market, over the period of 2004-2011. I find that, in the long-run, house price dynamics were the main factor contributing to wider CDS spreads. In addition, I show that a rise in stock prices lead to higher availability of capital and therefore increased bank borrowing activities, which led to lower credit risk. Furthermore, findings show that with higher aggregate bank liquidity, banks tend to grant more loans to low-income consumers, thus increasing bank credit risk. In addition, in the short-run, I employ the Structural VAR by imposing short-run restrictions to identify the five shocks arising from the CDS spread, the house price index, the yield spread, the TED spread, and the FTSE100. The SVAR findings indicate that a positive shock to house prices significantly increases the CDS spread in the medium-term, in the UK banking sector. In addition, apart from its own shock, the house price shock explains a big part of the variance (nearly 20%) in CDS spread. These results remained robust even after changing the ordering of the variables in the Structural VAR. Second, considering the bank-level factors across 30 countries and 115 banks, I find most significant bank-level drivers of the CDS spread were asset quality, liquidity and the operations income ratio. As such, banks with better asset quality, high levels of liquidity and operations income ratio were subject to lower CDS spreads and credit risk. Furthermore, larger banks were found to be more risky than smaller banks. We have conducted the U-test and our results indicate the presence of a U-shape relationship between bank size and bank CDS spread. It should be noted that in order to ensure that our results are robust, we used several estimation frameworks, including the FE, RE and alternative Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approaches, which all prove the existence of a U-shape relationship between the CDS spread and bank size. In addition, we find a threshold level of bank size, which shows that banks growing beyond this point are subject to wider CDS spreads. Finally, I consider the difference in financial systems at country-level and regulatory structures at bank-level, in a panel setting, over the period of 2004-2011. At country-level, my findings directly link financial deepening to higher credit risk, reflecting a sign of credit bubble. Besides, at bank-level, I confirm my previous findings whereby asset quality, liquidity and operations income remain significant drivers of the CDS spread.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographies. / Ph.D.