Previous research has explored the impact on individuals following hate crime victimization, including prevalence estimates in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/transsexual (LGBT) community. Past research, however, has been limited in its scope when exploring the impact of the hate crime event on the overall mental health of the survivor often examining only one measure of functioning. The current project aims to fill this gap by analyzing measures of posttraumatic symptoms, depression, stress and dissociation, collected on a sample of 30 LGBT individuals who have experienced hate crime victimization. In addition to clinical features, this study also analysed identity, openness about LGBT identity and coping behaviours. Results indicated that social support, identity and coping impact recovery from hate crime victimization. The effect of these factors differed over time (within one month of the hate crime) and up to as much as five years later (within the month of the interview).

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<p>According to modern standards, the narratives about Hagar in Genesis 16 and 21 are stories of abuse, as many feminist commentators have pointed out. Some of them, however, argue that the narrator condones what happened to Hagar, seeing it as perfectly normal. This thesis aims to investigate whether and how Hagar was abused according to the narrator of Genesis 16 and 21: 8-21.</p>

The aim of this research was to explore the impacts that local culture in rural places has on women's experiences, and men's perpetration of domestic violence. The Australian literature on domestic violence is abundant. Feminist explanations have brought the issue to the public agenda, and informed services and responses. Yet, in recent years, such understandings have been criticised for being limiting and failing to recognise significant empirical differences in patterns of violence in society or to allow analysis of other factors that play an important role. Furthermore, despite the richness of domestic violence research, only a few Australian and overseas studies have looked specifically at domestic violence in rural areas. These studies have predominantly identified barriers that keep women trapped in abusive relationships. Some researchers have alluded to rural culture based on conservative, patriarchal belief systems and the pursuit of a rural idyll as being amongst these barriers, and have argued that the effects of patriarchal relationships and structures cannot be ignored. Other researchers have argued that the contexts and cultures of rural communities are changing, that there is not one rural community and culture but many varied rural communities and individual identities, and that these need to be understood and explored. Other than recommendations that rural culture needs to be explored, research has not yet concentrated on how local culture plays itself out in relationships between women and man where domestic violence exists in their lives. / Hence, this thesis aims to investigate this. It focuses on the impacts of local culture on rural women and men, specifically the impacts on domestic violence in a rural context. In this study, 'culture' is defined as meaning 'created by people to make sense of the world'. Their values, beliefs, ideas and opinions arise out of interactions with other people and are constructed out of the discourses available to them. / The study described in this thesis explored local culture in the Barossa Valley region of South Australia. The methodology and analysis were informed by feminist poststructural understandings of knowledge, as these enabled discourse analysis and an insight into women's and men's identities, and local power. Semi-structured interviews and investigations of local cultural texts were used to collect constrictions of local culture from local stories. Discourses dominating local culture were identified, and the way in which these impacted on domestic violence was analysed. / The study found several local cultural discourses that impacted on the issue of domestic violence. Discourses included self-reliance, pride, privacy, belonging and closeness, Christianity, and family. The power and influence of these discourses made it difficult to name, identify and challenge domestic violence in the Barossa Valley because it is entrenched as an acceptable expression of the local culture's overarching patriarchal discourse. / It has been argued that by listening to people's stories, it is possible to explore local culture in rural contexts and identify how particular understandings and interpretations of that culture impact on people and their experiences of domestic violence. Identifying and acknowledging discourses that have power and strength within the community make it possible to challenge discourses that silence domestic violence by making it difficult for women and men to seek assistance. However, analysis of, and any challenge to a specific local culture need to be sensitive to the community, as effecting change to address domestic violence works best if it is supported within that community. Therefore, it is imperative to learn about local culture from the community, and to do so with respect, openness, and willingness. Listening to communities provides a better opportunity to create alternative discourses that confront domestic violence. Using localised, feminist poststructural understandings and approaches enables exploration of different cultures in different rural contexts, and provides the analytical tools to move beyond the context of patriarchy to local understandings, community contexts, and community-owned solutions to domestic violence. Encouraging rural communities to define their local situations is important when trying to find local solutions to social issues. / This study recommends that when developing policy and practice for addressing domestic violence issues, it is crucial to provide locally-based and culturally-appropriate services if these are to be supported by the community and used by local people. Arguing for localised, feminist poststructural understandings and approaches to domestic violence provides directions for further research about domestic violence specifically in rural contexts, and more generally in other contexts. / Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2005.

The Internet is now fundamental to the global economy. Growing from an experimental and research network in the late 1960's, it is now the foundation of a wide range of economic, infrastructure support, communication and information sharing activities. In doing so it has also provided a vehicle for cybercrime. Organised cybercrime and state-sponsored malicious cyber activity are predicted to become the predominant cyber threats over the next five to ten years. Corporate governance is playing an increasingly important role in ensuring compliance with the growing body of legislation and regulation, protecting the interests of stakeholders. At the same time there is a divergence in organisational awareness, understanding, strategy and application between business objectives, risk management and good security practices. Organisations are finding increasing difficulty in managing the scope and extent of the cyber-threat environment, exacerbated by confusion over risk tools, approaches and requirements. This study provides a pragmatic and practical framework for organisational risk assessment, already proved over several years of use. This is supported by three national surveys which provide important data for sound risk identification and assessments. This survey data is organised through a Data Schema which is simple, rational and flexible enough to accommodate new technologies and types of cyber-attacks, as well as allowing for the decommissioning of technologies and the abandonment of attack methods. For many organisations this risk framework will be sufficient to meet their corporate governance and risk management requirements. For organisations wishing to refine their approach, a Bayesian model has also been developed, building on previous work, incorporating data from the surveys and, through the Data Schema, allowing the incorporation of probabilities and other evidence to enhance the risk assessment framework. Again this model is flexible, accommodating changes, growth and new technologies.

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