Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjami ekonominiai sprendimai Lietuvoje prieškriziniu ir kriziniu laikotarpiais. Pateikiama fundamentalių ekonominių sprendimų ir jų poveikio aspektų šalies ūkio cikliškumo kontekste teorinė traktuotė: pagrindiniai šalies ūkio situacijos ir jo raidos indikatoriai, ekonominių ciklų teorijos, ekonominės krizės samprata, priežastys ir padariniai, makroekonominiai sprendimai prieškriziniu ir kriziniu laikotarpiais: konceptualus požiūris. Darbe taip pat nustatomi ekonominiai sprendimai ir analizuojamas jų poveikis prieškriziniu (2004-2007 m.) ir kriziniu (2008-2009 m.) laikotarpiais Lietuvoje: pateikiami tyrimo organizavimo metodologiniai pagrindai, analizuojama Lietuvos ekonominė raida 2004-2009 m., rodikliai (BVP, infliacijos lygis, nedarbo lygis, vartojimo lygis, valstybės biudžeto deficitas, nekilnojamojo turto kainos, išduotos paskolos ir kt.), leidžiantys identifikuoti prieškrizinę situaciją ir ekonominės krizės požymius Lietuvoje, pagrindiniai ekonominiai sprendimai prieškriziniu ir kriziniu laikotarpiais Lietuvoje. Įvertinamos prieškriziniu ir kriziniu laikotarpiais priimtų ekonominių sprendimų Lietuvoje pasekmės. Pateikiama Lafero kreivė – PVM ir pelno mokesčio pajamų priklausomybė nuo mokesčio tarifo. / The thesis examines the economic decisions in Lithuania which were taken before and during the economic crisis. It presents the theoretical treatment of fundamental economic decisions and their impact on the economy of the country, i.e. the key indicators of the economic situation in Lithuania and their development, the concept of economic crisis, its causes and consequences, as well as and the macroeconomic decisions taken before and during the economic crisis from the conceptual point of view. The thesis also determines the economic decisions and analyzes their impact before the economic crisis (from 2004 to 2007) and during it (from 2008 to 2009) in Lithuania. It presents the methodological fundamentals of the research organization, the analysis of the development of economics in Lithuania from 2004 to 2009, fundamental economic decisions before crisis and during it in Lithuania, and the indicators (GDP, inflation, the level of unemployment and consumption, the state budget deficit, real estate prices, loans, etc..) which help to identify the economic situation before crisis and the characteristics of the economic crisis in Lithuania. Moreover, the consequences of the economic decisions of these periods are evaluated as well as the Laffer Curve explaining how the VAT and income tax revenue are dependent on the tax rate is presented.

Magister Commercii - MCom (Economics) / Described by Mohr (2008:1) as "one of the most hotly debated economic issues in South Africa", the inflation rate is underpinned by its impact on the average South African. A rapid increase in the cost of goods and services could have devastating consequences on the both the growth and development of the country, making it an imperative to effectively manage a change in general prices. The SARB applies an Inflation Targeting (IT) framework to manage the inflation rate and the thesis will interrogate the applicability of this framework within a low growth environment. More specifically, the thesis will ask whether it is prudent to increase the interest rate in a low growth environment. The thesis will employ a mixed research method, namely, a qualitative and quantitative method. However, the qualitative method will be the primary research method and the conclusions derived thereof will be tested within a qualitative model. The qualitative method will take the form of historical narrative which is designed to investigate the behaviour of the inflation rate at a micro level. The choice of this qualitative historical narrative derives from the inconclusive nature of the existing empirical quantitative studies and the resulting lack of a consensus on the effectiveness of the IT framework. This lack of consensus necessitated the use of a different approach to interrogate the IT framework hence the application of the qualitative historical narrative. The narrative will be primarily derived from the economic reports and data of the main authority on South Africa's monetary policy, the South Africa Reserve Bank (SARB). The narrative will also utilise the economic reports and data from reputable sources such as Statistics South Africa, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the European Central Bank (ECB), the US Federal Reserve System, and the People's Bank of China (PBC).

No description available.

Vi befinner oss just nu i mitten av 2023 som är en ekonomiskt orolig period på grund av kriget i Ukraina, corona-pandemi, energikris och inflation. Banker kan betraktas som en livsnödvändig samhällsinstitution som under denna period kan minska oron i samhället och samtidigt bygga ett starkt varumärke med hjälp av sin visuella externa kommunikation. Visuell kommunikation kan snabbt och tydligt överföra information, har en känslomässig påverkan och skapar en attraktiv och engagerande kommunikation. Problemet är att det saknas forskning som ser på bankers externa kommunikation under oroliga perioder ur ett visuellt perspektiv. Därför ämnar denna studie att fylla den forskningsluckan. Studien bidrar även med forskning som ser på bankers kommunikation ur ett nutida perspektiv i det sammanhang som aktuella samhällskriser orsakat vilket också är en forskningslucka att fylla. Studien utförs som ett kvalitativt kreativt projekt med Sparbanken som fallstudie där det undersöks hur de kan kommunicera med sina kunder och allmänheten gällande bolån under rådande inflation. I projektets designprocess skapas exempel på kampanjidéer som personer som påverkas av den höjda bolåneräntan värderar i enskilda intervjuer. Deras synpunkter tillsammans med teorier inom varumärke och visuell extern kommunikation, och tidigare forskning om bankers externa kommunikation,  ligger till grund för resultatet och en färdigställd kampanj. Resultatet visar att trygghet och pålitlighet bör genomsyra kommunikationen, vilket stöds av tidigare forskning. Men studien visar också att en symbolisk och djupare betydelse som skapar en emotionell koppling mellan mottagaren och avsändaren är betydelsefull. Studien påvisar också att visuella element som skapar igenkänning, enkelhet, tydlighet och optimism hos mottagaren ska användas i den visuella externa kommunikationen. Resultaten är användbara för banker att ta del av för att tillsammans minska oron i samhället med hjälp av visuell extern kommunikation. Både nu och under eventuella ekonomiskt oroliga perioder framöver. / We are currently in the middle of 2023 which is an economically troubled period due to the war in Ukraine, the corona pandemic, the energy crisis and inflation. Banks can be considered a vital social institution which, during this period, can reduce the worry in society, and at the same time build a strong brand with the help of visual external communication. Visual communication can quickly and clearly convey information, has an emotional impact and creates attractive and engaging communication. The problem is that there is a lack of research that looks at banks' external communication during troubled periods from a visual perspective. Therefore, this study aims to fill that research gap. The study also contributes with research that looks at banks' communication from a contemporary perspective in the context caused by current social crises, which is also a research gap to fill. The study is a qualitative creative project with Sparbanken as a case study where it is examined how they should communicate with their customers and the public regarding mortgages during prevailing inflation. In the project's design process, examples of campaign ideas are created that people who are affected by the increased mortgage interest evaluate in individual interviews Their opinions, together with theories in branding and visual external communication and previous research on banks' external communication, form the basis of the result and a completed campaign. The result shows that security and reliability should pervade communication, which is supported by previous research. But the study also shows that a symbolic and deeper meaning that creates an emotional connection between the recipient and the sender is significant. The study also demonstrates that visual elements that create recognition, simplicity, clarity and optimism should be used in visual external communication. The results are useful for banks to take part of in order to jointly reduce the worry in society with the help of visual external communication. Both now, and during any financially troubled periods ahead.

Main subject of this diploma thesis is real estate sector, his basic principles, structure and factors of influence. Diploma thesis is analysing actual post - crisis trends in real estate sector, origins and causes of these trends. Special attention is concentrated into the specific development and surroundings of real estate sector in Czech republic. The analysis of the sector transformation intensity is used for searching of future potential of real estate sector, future trends and appropriate measures for healthy growth of real estate sector and long - term sustainability of real estate sector projects. The next one of the main baselines of the thesis is research of behavioral changes of real estate market demand because of cyclicality of real estate market. The research shows context between real estate cycle and business cycle and analyses typical behavioral reaction of demand in various phases of real estate sector cycle.