Orientador: Andre Luiz Morelato França / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T08:13:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mota_AlexandredeAssis_D.pdf: 2550000 bytes, checksum: d1b87870a85e6720b234c4e11cce99a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O sucesso da recomposição de sistemas interligados está diretamente associado à qualidade dos planos de recomposição. Esses planos descrevem as seqüências de ações de controle que devem ser tomadas para energizar as diferentes áreas geoelétricas do sistema após a ocorrência de blecautes totais ou parciais. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é propor uma metodologia para avaliação da qualidade de planos de recomposição, que permita o uso de ferramentas computacionais para avaliar a qualidade de forma automática e sob alguns critérios como (a) grau de flexibilidade quanto a imprevistos durante a execução, (b) índices de qualidade globais determinados a partir da representação do plano de recomposição através de grafos conexos e (c) facilidade de acesso, visualização, atualização e treinamento. Diferentes técnicas e métodos foram empregados para atingir esse objetivo (busca de caminho mínimo, utilização de índices nebulosos, métodos de caminho crítico - CPM/PERT), visando a determinação dos índices numéricos relacionados à qualidade do plano, tais como: duração total prevista para a recomposição, eficiência da fase fluente, evolução da carga interrompida e custos estimados para a interrupção / Abstract: A successful restoration depends on the quality of the restoration plans, that describe the sequence of control actions that must be executed to reenergize different areas (of the power system) just after total or partial blackouts. This work proposes a methodology to automatically evalute the quality of power system restoration plans, related to (a) the flexibility of the plan, (b) numerical quality indexes, extracted using a graph representation for the plan and (c) the easiness of use, visualization, training and access to restoration instructions. Different techniques and methods were used to achieve this goal (minimum path search, adoption of fuzzy indexes, critical path methods), focusing on the determination of numerical indexes that express the quality of the plan, such as total restoration duration, fluent phase efficiency, interrupted load evolution and estimated interruption costs / Doutorado / Energia Eletrica / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

This thesis deals with project management and with different ways in which can be cur-rently approached. Beside the conventional, classical approach based on processes, modern approaches based on the theory of constraints and agile principles are discussed. Based on analysis, the main objective of the thesis is firstly to find weaknesses in the classical project management and strong key elements of modern approaches and after that to make suggestions to enhance the classical approach with the selected strong elements of modern approaches.

The efficient parallel execution of scientific applications is a key challenge in high-performance computing (HPC). With growing parallelism and heterogeneity of compute resources as well as increasingly complex software, performance analysis has become an indispensable tool in the development and optimization of parallel programs. This thesis presents a framework for systematic performance analysis of scalable, heterogeneous applications. Based on event traces, it automatically detects the critical path and inefficiencies that result in waiting or idle time, e.g. due to load imbalances between parallel execution streams. As a prerequisite for the analysis of heterogeneous programs, this thesis specifies inefficiency patterns for computation offloading. Furthermore, an essential contribution was made to the development of tool interfaces for OpenACC and OpenMP, which enable a portable data acquisition and a subsequent analysis for programs with offload directives. At present, these interfaces are already part of the latest OpenACC and OpenMP API specification. The aforementioned work, existing preliminary work, and established analysis methods are combined into a generic analysis process, which can be applied across programming models. Based on the detection of wait or idle states, which can propagate over several levels of parallelism, the analysis identifies wasted computing resources and their root cause as well as the critical-path share for each program region. Thus, it determines the influence of program regions on the load balancing between execution streams and the program runtime. The analysis results include a summary of the detected inefficiency patterns and a program trace, enhanced with information about wait states, their cause, and the critical path. In addition, a ranking, based on the amount of waiting time a program region caused on the critical path, highlights program regions that are relevant for program optimization. The scalability of the proposed performance analysis and its implementation is demonstrated using High-Performance Linpack (HPL), while the analysis results are validated with synthetic programs. A scientific application that uses MPI, OpenMP, and CUDA simultaneously is investigated in order to show the applicability of the analysis.

Optical shrink for process migration, manufacturing process variation and dynamic voltage control leads to clock skew as well as path delay variation in a manufactured chip. Since such variations are difficult to predict in pre-silicon phase, tunable clock buffers have been used in several microprocessor designs. The buffer delays are tuned to improve maximum operating clock frequency of a design. This however shifts the burden of finding tuning settings for individual clock buffers to the test process. In this project, we describe a process of using tester measurements to determine the settings of the tunable buffers for recovery of performance lost due to process variations. Then we study the impact of positioning of tunable buffers in the clock tree. In course of our study it was observed that the greatest benefit from tunable buffer placement can be derived, when the clock tree is synthesized with future tuning considerations. Accordingly, we present a clock tree synthesis procedure which offers very good mitigation against process variation, as borne out by the results. The results show that without any design intervention, an average improvement of 9% is achieved by our tuning system. However, when the clock tree is synthesized based on static timing information with tuning buffer placement considerations, much larger performance improvement is possible. In one example, performance improved by as much as 18%.

Inom byggbranschen är förseningar i byggprojekts leveranser vanligt förekommande och utgör ett utmanande problem. För att övervinna detta problem krävs en utvecklad och noggranna tidsplaner som följs av alla berörda parter. I dagsläget använder sig byggindustrin huvudsakligen av aktivitetsbaserade tidsplaner, som representeras av Critical Path Method (CPM) och dess Gantt-schema. Trots att en annan tidsplaneringsmetod, baserad på lokalitet, visar lovande potential för att effektivt hantera förseningar i leveranser, har den inte fått samma uppmärksamhet. Line of Balance (LOB) är en metod inom location-based scheduling (LBS), där platsen behandlas som en dimension i produktionsprocessen och den har visat sig vara effektivare alternativ än Gantt-schema. I stället för att endast fokusera på aktiviteter fördelar LOB-metoden aktiviteter på lokaliteter där de ska genomföras, vilket underlättar för alla parter att följa en tydlig plan och övervaka arbeten på ett enklare sätt. BIM-verktyg har visat sig vara effektiva för att förbättra och effektivisera LOB-tidsplaner genom att tillhandahålla specialiserade verktyg som underlättar skapandet av sådana tidsplaner. CPM-metoden utgör grunden för många programvaror som används för att skapa LOB-tidsplaner såsom programmet Vico Office. Dessutom kan användning av BIM-verktyg möjliggör tillämpning av Lean-tänkande som bidrar till att förbättra arbetsflöden och öka kvalitet. Detta arbete undersöker hur tidsplaner påverkas vid övergången från aktivitetsbaserade- till lokalitetsbaserade tidsplaner, med hjälp av BIM-verktyget Vico Office. Vidare undersöks hur tillämpningen av Lean-principer såsom ”Visual Management” och ”Reduced Batch Size” påverkar lokalitetsbaserade tidsplaner. Gantt-schemat som analyserades i detta arbete är specifikt för byggföretaget NCC och omfattar utförandet av Hus A, Hus B och en förskola. Dock var endast detaljerad information om aktiviteterna som ingår i Hus A tillgängliga. För att konvertera Gantt-schemat till en lokalitetsbaserad tidsplan användes aktiviteternas varaktighet och lokaliteter från Gantt-schemat. För aktiviteter som saknade lokaliteter användes logiskt tänkande och erfarenhet för att fördela dem i lämpliga lokaliteter. Dessutom användes byggritningar som tillhandahölls av Karlstads kommunen för att tillämpa Lean-principen ”Reduced Batch Size”. LOB-diagrammet som genereras av Vico:s Schedule Planner är i enlighet med Lean-principen ”Visual Management”. Det har visat en förbättrad förmåga att upptäcka tomma områden, kollisioner och diskontinuerliga aktiviteter jämfört med Gantt-scheman. Dessutom användes Lean-principen ”Reduced Batch Size” för att minska väntetiderna mellan arbetsgrupper. Trots att byggprojektets ledtid överskreds med två veckor, resulterade konverteringen i en lokalitetsbaserad tidsplan som främjade ett kontinuerligt arbetsflöde, en effektivare arbetsrytm och en förbättrad uppföljning av byggprocessen. / In the construction industry, delays in project deliveries are a common occurrence. In order to overcome this problem, a developed and accurate schedule is required which is followed by all parties concerned. Currently, traditional activity-based Gantt charts are primarily used. However, another scheduling method based on location shows promising potential for effectively managing delivery delays but has not received the same attention. Line of Balance (LOB) is a method within location-based scheduling (LBS), where the location is treated as a dimension in the production process, and it has proven to be a more efficient alternative than the Gantt chart. BIM tools, such as Vico Office, have proven effective in improving and streamlining LOB schedules by providing specialized tools that facilitate the creation of such schedules. Additionally, the use of BIM tools can facilitate the application of Lean thinking, which helps improve workflows. This study investigates how schedules are affected by the transition from activity-based to location-based schedules using the BIM tool Vico Office. Furthermore, it examines how the application of Lean principles such as “Visual Management” and “Reduced Batch Size” affect location-based schedules. The Gantt chart analysed in this study belongs to the construction company NCC and contains detailed information on the activities in House A. The LOB diagram generated by Vico's Schedule Planner aligns with the Lean principle of “Visual Management”. It has demonstrated an improved ability to detect empty areas, collisions, and discontinuous activities compared to Gantt charts. Additionally, the Lean principle of “Reduced Batch Size” was utilized to minimize waiting times between work groups. Despite the project exceeding the allotted time by two weeks, the conversion resulted in a location-based schedule that promoted continuous workflow, enhanced efficiency, and improved monitoring of the construction process.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-06-01T13:24:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JACINTO MAIA PIMENTEL.pdf: 3146885 bytes, checksum: d73d15b75ba44e1ab5fa45ebd06988f1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T13:24:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JACINTO MAIA PIMENTEL.pdf: 3146885 bytes, checksum: d73d15b75ba44e1ab5fa45ebd06988f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-18 / The construction of electricity generation projects are held in places where there are specific conditions for its implementation, and it appears that these are not always close to the consumer markets. The energy needs to be transported to the consumption centers located many kilometers away, and to this end are used to power transmission lines. These developments are characterized by many different situations that impact on their time of completion. In order to pursue project management options so that deadlines are met, this research applies a risk management methodology for projects by means of the quantitative risk assessment. It is addressed to the energy transmission area with a focus on the project deadline. The proposed model adopts the Critical Chain Project Management – CCPM, whereby the appropriate activities duration are those achievable in the shortest time as possible. The use of CCPM calls for the application of buffers along the project schedule to control the uncertainties. The proposed methodology applies the Monte Carlo Simulation – MCS to the schedule, associating the Minimum, Most likely and Maximum times to the activities. The identified risks are related to these activities. The outcome resulting from the proposed methodology is quantitative and provides useful information to containment and contingency actions. / A construção dos empreendimentos de geração de energia elétrica é realizada nos locais onde existem condições específicas para sua implantação, e, nem sempre estes são próximos aos centros consumidores. A energia gerada necessita ser transportada para os centros de consumo localizados a muitos quilômetros de distância, e, para tal são utilizadas as Linhas de Transmissão de Energia. Estes empreendimentos caracterizam-se por encontrar situações diversas e que impactam no seu prazo de conclusão. Com o objetivo de buscar opções de gerenciamento de projetos para que os prazos sejam alcançados, esta pesquisa aplica uma metodologia para gestão dos riscos em projetos, com a aplicação de análise quantitativa dos riscos. Será aplicada na área de transmissão de energia com foco no prazo de conclusão. O modelo proposto utiliza o método do Gerenciamento de Projeto pela Corrente Crítica – CCPM, por meio do qual as durações das atividades consideradas são aquelas exequíveis no menor prazo possível. O uso da CCPM prevê a introdução de buffers no cronograma do projeto para controlar as incertezas. A metodologia proposta aplica ao cronograma a Simulação de Monte Carlo- SMC, associando às suas atividades o prazo Mínimo, Mais Provável e Máximo. Os riscos identificados são associados às atividades. O resultado da aplicação da metodologia proposta é uma análise dos riscos do projeto indicando a probabilidade de consumo dos buffers, as atividades que mais impactam no seu consumo e os riscos associados a estas. O resultado desta análise é quantitativa e gera informações úteis para ações de contenção e contingência.

Project management, to which the thesis "Development of software support for CCPM method in MS Project" aims, is a very important part of everyday life for most present companies. The project management has gone through rapid development, through the second half of last century, during which many new techniques and methods, for planning and managing projects, were developed. One of these methods was critical chain project management method (CCPM), developed by E. M. Goldratt in the mid 80th of last century. At the end of the 20th century the market began to be flooded by software applications which supported project management, thanks to the boom of information and communication technologies. Because the CCPM method is still too young, there is only a very little amount of products aimed at this method. Author of the thesis took as its main objective the development of a software application that would serve to support the project management by CCPM method, and will work as an extension to an existing, widely used product, MS Project. To achieve this objective, few secondary objectives have to be met. The first is to characterize methods for project management with a focus on the critical chain project management method, including the description of the advantages and disadvantages of this method. These objectives will be achieved with the help of literature search, supplemented by knowledge gained by studying the issue at the college. Another secondary objective is to find, analyze and compare existing software used for project management support with CCPM method. For the primary analysis the author mainly uses information supplied by developers of these products, for the deeper analysis is used a model project that examines the behavior of the application in standard situations. For product comparison is made a group of criteria, which can also serve for potential readers as the basis for decision of the choice of suitable application for their needs. The main objective of the work, the development of the application, is based on the requirements set on the basis of information obtained from literature and on the results from testing of existing applications. This application is considered to be the greatest benefit of the thesis. In the end of the thesis the newly developed application is compared with existing products, by testing on a model project and by evaluating with a group of criteria established for evaluation of existing products.

This thesis is focused on the project management methods within planning project of creation visual identity with photographing the products and creation of the web graphic for customer. Except the planning of project the thesis also analyzes current situation and decides whether the project is suitable for realisation. Thesis also includes teoretical background required for understanding this issue. The result of this thesis can be used as a basis for realization of the project.

This diploma thesis involves a strategic development plan proposal within a particular family business. It describes a theoretical framework in the areas of family business, strategic management and change management. Using critical analysis in accordance with the theoretical findings, a proposal of strategic development within a chosen family business is created together with a high-level implementation plan.

The use of accelerators in heterogeneous systems is an established approach in designing petascale applications. Today, Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) offers a rich programming interface for GPU accelerators but requires developers to incorporate several layers of parallelism on both the CPU and the GPU. From this increasing program complexity emerges the need for sophisticated performance tools. This work contributes by analyzing hybrid MPICUDA programs for properties based on wait states, such as the critical path, a metric proven to identify application bottlenecks effectively. We developed a tool to construct a dependency graph based on an execution trace and the inherent dependencies of the programming models CUDA and Message Passing Interface (MPI). Thereafter, it detects wait states and attributes blame to responsible activities. Together with the property of being on the critical path, we can identify activities that are most viable for optimization. To evaluate the global impact of optimizations to critical activities, we predict the program execution using a graph-based performance projection. The developed approach has been demonstrated with suitable examples to be both scalable and correct. Furthermore, we establish a new categorization of CUDA inefficiency patterns ensuing from the dependencies between CUDA activities.