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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Prehospital omvårdnad vid risk för crush syndrom

Jonsson, Uno January 2012 (has links)
Sammanfattning. Bakgrund:Crush syndrome eller traumatisk rahbdomyolys är vanligt vid större naturkatastrofer som tex jordbävningar. Det kan också uppkomma när personer utsätts för tryck mot musklerna vid tex stroke, intoxikationer, byggnadsras, industriolyckor. Inom ambulanssjukvården i Sverige har vi inte någon behandlingsplan för detta tillstånd och därför kan det finnas en risk att dessa patienter inte får rätt omvårdnad. Syfte:Studiens syfte var att belysa ambulanssjuksköterskans omvårdnad vid risk för Crush syndrome. Metod:En litteraturstudie gjordes för att granska redan publicerat forskningsmaterial. Sökningarna gjordes i databaserna Cinahl och Pubmed. Fem artiklar inkluderades och innehållet analyserades med manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat:De patienter som riskerar att få Crush syndrom har följande symtom: skada på muskelmassa, förlängd kompression, komprimerad lokal cirkulation, puls >120 och onormal urinfärg. Den viktigaste omvårdnadsåtgärden som kan vara livräddande för personen är insättande av intravenös kristalloid vätska samtidigt som personen losstages. Den vätska som rekommenderas är vanlig natriumklorid. Klinisk implikation:Ett förslag på omvårdnadsplan presenteras. Nyckelord:crush syndrome, prehospital care, prehospital omvårdnad, klämsklador, muskelskador, / Abstrakt. Background: Crush syndrome or traumatic rehbdomyolys is common in major natural disaster such as earthquakes. It can also arise when people are exposed on the muscle at such stroke, poisoning, structural collapse, industrial accidents. In prehospital care in Sweden we have no treatment plan for this condition and therefore it may be a risk that these patients not receiving the proper care. Purpose:The aim of this study was to illuminate the ambulance nurses care at risk of Crush syndrome. Method:A literature review was done to examine already published research material. The searches was made in the databases Cinahl and Pubmed. Five articles were included and the contents analyzed by manifest content analysis. Results:The patients who are at risk of Crush syndrome has the following symptoms: damage to the muscle mass, prolonged compression, compressed local circulation, heart rate > 120 and abnormal urine color. The most important nursing action that can be lifesaving is initiation of  intravenous crystalloid fluid while the person being detached. The fluid recommended is the usual sodium chloride. Clinical implication: A proposal for the nursing care plan are presented. Keywords:crush syndrome, prehospital care, crushing, muscle damage,
2

SÍNDROME DO TÚNEL DO CARPO: Dor e Exame Neurológico

Barbosa, Valéria Ribeiro Nogueira 29 September 2003 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:23:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ValeriaRibeiroNogueiraBarbosa.pdf: 2894050 bytes, checksum: 2496af522e31ec83452db4d278903717 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-09-29 / Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) represents the most common entrapment neuropathy, better defined and more studied in the human being. The diagnosis is commonly presumed in patients with painful syndrome in the upper limbs, whose symptoms aggravate at night. The gold-standard for the diagnosis is the occurring of alterations in the sensitive and muscled conduction of the median nerve. Despite the CTS being well clinically characterized, when it is typical, a lot of painful factors in the upper limbs are not caused by CTS, and these patients neuralgic exam may vary from normal to serious alterations. This paper has as objectives: 1. To evaluate the profile of the painful symptoms that may presumably occur in patients with idiopatic CTS or without CTS; 2. to evaluate the profile of the neuralgic exam in patients with idiopatic CTS. Between April and December of 2002, 35 patients with idiopatic CTS (34 women and one man) with diagnosis confirmed by the clinical and electrophysiological exam were examined. They were paired according to their age and sex with 35 citzens of the general population (34 women and one man, aged between 34 and 72, average 51, +/- 9,7 years old). The frequency of paintful syndromes distribution in the two groups studied was analysed by the square test. The age average in both groups of patients was compared by the t-Student test. There was not statistical difference concerning the ages. In the group with CTS the complaints of pain were prevalent in the neck (45,7%), Phalen`s test (68,5%), and fist compression (74,3%) are common, being the last two ones prevalent ( α = 0,05). The severity of the CTS was evaluated by the eletrophysiological exam. Most of the CTS cases are of light degree and occur bilaterally. Just seven patients have unilateral CTS. Concluding: 1- One must cogitate the CTS diagnosis in every case of pain of obscure origin in the lower limbs, being the location either proximal or distal; 2- Just one of patients with CTS had, clearly, signs of cervical radicular injury. One cannot establish etiological relation between these two conditions. What is told about the existence of double-crush syndrome as a nosological entity; 3- In the neurogical exam, the alteration in the sensibility to pain was the most observed sign. The discriminatitive sensibility test seems not to have value to support the CTS diagnosis; 4- the Phalen and the carpal compression tests are more useful to the CTS diagnosis than the Tinel sign, for they are more prevalent. / A Síndrome do Túnel do Carpo (STC) representa a neuropatia compressiva mais comum, melhor definida e mais estudada no ser humano. O diagnóstico é comumente presumido em pacientes com síndrome dolorosa nos membros superiores, cujos sintomas se agravam à noite. O padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico é a ocorrência de alterações na condução sensitiva e motora do nervo mediano. Apesar da STC ser bem caracterizada clinicamente, quando é típica, muitos quadros dolorosos nos membros superiores não são causados por STC, e o exame neurológico desses pacientes pode variar de normal a alterações graves. Este trabalho tem como objetivos: 1- avaliar o perfil dos sintomas dolorosos que presumivelmente possam ocorrer em pacientes com STC idiopático e sem STC; 2- avaliar o perfil do exame neurológico em pacientes com STC idiopático. Entre abril e dezembro de 2002, 35 pacientes com STC idiopático (34 mulheres e um homem, idades entre 34 e 72 anos, média 51, + 9,8 anos) com diagnóstico confirmado pelo exame clínico e eletrofisiológico foram examinados. Eles foram pareados por idade e sexo com 35 sujeitos da população geral (34 mulheres e um homem, idades entre 34 e 72 anos, média 51, + 9,7 anos). A freqüência de distribuição de síndromes dolorosas nos dois grupos estudados foi analisada pelo teste do qui-quadrado. A média de idade dos dois grupos de pacientes foi comparada pelo teste t de Student. Não houve diferença estatística quanto às idades. No grupo com STC as queixas de dor são prevalentes no pescoço (42,8%), membros superiores (36,8%) e mãos (82,8%). Nos sujeitos sem STC a localização do quadro doloroso predomina na cabeça (11,4%), região axial do corpo (37,1%) e membros inferiores (22,8%), (α = 0,05). Entre os sujeitos com STC, 85,7% apresentam queixas de parestesias nos membros superiores e 74,2% destes apenas nas mãos. Os chamados testes provocativos: sinal de Tinel (45,7%), teste de Phalen (68,5%) e compressão do punho (74,3%) são comuns, sendo os dois últimos prevalentes (α = 0,05). A gravidade da STC foi avaliada pelo exame eletrofisiológico. A maioria dos casos de STC são de grau leve e ocorrem bilateralmente. Apenas sete pacientes têm STC unilateral. Em conclusão: 1 - Deve-se cogitar o diagnóstico de STC em todos os casos de dor de origem obscura nos membros superiores, seja de localização proximal ou distal; 2 - apenas uma das pacientes com STC teve, claramente, sinais de lesão radicular cervical. Não se pôde estabelecer relação etiológica entre as duas condições. O que fala contra a existência de síndrome da dupla compressão como uma entidade nosológica; 3 no exame neurológico, a alteração da sensibilidade à dor foi o sinal mais observado. O teste da sensibilidade discriminativa parece não ter valor para suportar o diagnóstico de STC; 4 os testes de Phalen e da compressão carpal são mais úteis para o diagnóstico de STC do que o sinal de Tinel, pois são mais prevalentes.

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