Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1955. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-204).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 1961. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-109). Also available via the Internet.

Texte remanié de: Th.--Méd.--Strasbourg, 1961. N°: 39. / Bibliogr. p. 273-290. Index.

Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are of economic and veterinary significance worldwide. Of principal importance to equids in sub-Saharan Africa are Culicoides (Avaritia) imicola Kieffer and Culicoides (Avaritia) bolitinos Meiswinkel which have been implicated in the transmission of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) and equine encephalosis virus (EEV). Various species of Culicoides are associated with equine insect hypersensitivity, a common equine skin allergy. Recommended measures to prevent diseases associated with Culicoides in equids include vaccination for African horse sickness (AHS), stabling at night, meshing of stables, and application of insect repellents both to the animal and its stable environment. The effects of repellents against Culicoides on humans have been documented, with most studies reporting the repellency of compounds against that of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET). DEET is registered for human use in South Africa, whilst citronella oil and cypermethrin are included in topical ectoparasiticides registered for use on horses. The aim of this study was to determine and compare repellent efficacy of 15% DEET, 0.6% citronella oil, and 0.3% á-cyanocypermethrin against Culicoides species when applied to polyester mesh under South African conditions. The repellent efficacy against Culicoides species was compared in three 5 X 5 Latin squares (15 replicates). DEET, citronella oil or á-cyano-cypermethrin was applied to polyester meshes that were fitted to down-draught suction 220 V ultraviolet (UV) light traps which were operated overnight. A total of 107,204 Culicoides midges was collected in hourly light-trap collections made over 15 nights from five light traps operated simultaneously. Of 34 Culicoides species collected C. Imicola was the most abundant and comprised 79.1% of midges collected, followed by C. Bolitinos which comprised 5.3%. The mean number of Culicoides midges as well as the mean number of C. Imicola collected hourly with DEET was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than for all other treatments at all times except the first (19h00) and the last (06h00) sampling points. The study concluded that DEET had a significant repellent effect against Culicoides species, including C. Imicola, for all catches made from after sunset to before sunrise, when applied to polyester mesh as tested with a down-draught suction light trap. No significant repellent effect against Culicoides was found for the citronella oil or the á-cyano-cypermethrin treatments. Copyright / Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Companion Animal Clinical Studies / unrestricted

The larval and pupal biology of a unique population of gulicoides variipennis inhabiting the brine ponds of Saltville, VA was studied. Developmental threshold temperatures (OC) and thermal constants (Odays) for larvae and pupae were 9.6OC and 387Odays (larval stage) and 9.6OC and 3OOdays (pupal stage) respectively. Accumulated heat units recorded in the field ranged from 366—376Odays between successive generations in the summer. Heat accumulations required for completion of immature development of Q. variipennis were found to be much greater (83lOdays) for the overwintering generation. During the summer, larval/pupal distribution within the littoral zone of a brine pond was confined to the surface cm of mud at or near the shoreline. Insects overwintered farther offshore, mostly as 3rd instars. In ear1y' March, most larvae had xnolted to 4th instars and migrated above shoreline to pupate. Adult emergence occurred in April. Three summer generations were documented for 1983-1984 at Saltville._ Life tables and survivorship curves were calculated for the overwintering generation and the first summer generations for 1983 and 1984. For the overwintering generation, there was a relatively constant mortality rate between successive ageclasses (Type II survivorship curve). During the summer, there was relatively little mortality between successive larval age—classes but a dramatic increase in mortality was evident at the pupal stage (Type I survivorship curve). Late instar larvae were found to migrate from the shoreline onto the exposed mudflats to pupate, thus becoming vulnerable to predation by ants and carabid beetles. Excellent survival rates of the larvae during the summer was attributed to habitat stability, the paucity of predators and parasites and abundant microfloral content (i.e. food} of the pond water. Intra-specific competition for food resources appeared to be alleviated somewhat by partitioning of those resources on a diurnal cycle. / Ph. D.

Plusieurs systématiques se côtoient aujourd'hui : la systématique typologique, d'inspiration linnéenne, qui repose sur l'examen morphologique de types porte-nom. Depuis plusieurs années, une systématique phylogénétique conduit également à la création de taxons nouveaux, de niveau spécifique, infra-spécifique et supra-spécifique. Dans ce travail, nous avons cherché une approche globale, qualifiée de taxonomie intégrative couplant les approches morphologiques traditionnelles, la systématique moléculaire et la geomorphométrie alaire, dans le but d'éclairer la notion d'espèce chez les Culicoides avec ses corollaires épidémiologiques, étant donnée l'importance de ces insectes dans des maladies majeures d'intérêt vétérinaire telles que la fièvre catarrhale ovine (FCO) et la maladie causée par le virus de Schmallenberg (SBV). Cette approche nous a permis de mettre en lumière la complexité systématique des espèces affines (C.clastrieri/C.festivipennis, les groupes Obsoletus, Pulicaris et Vexans). De plus, nous nous sommes intéressés aux préférences trophiques des Culicoides de la région Champagne-Ardenne. / Several systematic coexist today: typological systematic of Linnaean spirit, based on morphological examination of type specimens. For several years, a phylogenetic systematics also led to the creation of new taxa, at specific, sub-specific and supra-specific level.In this study, we have sought a comprehensive approach i.e. an integrative taxonomy that coupling traditional morphological approaches, molecular systematic and wing geometry morphometric in order to clarify the concept of species in the Culicoides with epidemiological corollaries, given the importance of these insects in major diseases of veterinary interest such as bluetongue (BT) and the disease caused by the Schmallenberg virus (SBV). This approach allowed us to highlight the systematic complexity of related species (C.clastrieri / C.festivipennis, the Obsoletus, Pulicaris and Vexans groups). In addition, we investigated the host preference of Culicoides of the Champagne-Ardenne region.

Submitted by Gizele Lima (gizele.lima@inpa.gov.br) on 2016-09-01T13:41:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_Luis_versao_final.pdf: 15102445 bytes, checksum: 19cf08353dc3d5342446786c90e35595 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-01T13:41:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_Luis_versao_final.pdf: 15102445 bytes, checksum: 19cf08353dc3d5342446786c90e35595 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Ceratopogonidae family possesses four hematophagics genus: Forcipomyia, Leptoconops, Austroconops and Culicoides. The Culicoides are insects with 3mm in length, the female are vectors of helminths, protozoan and virus. The main arboviruses transmitted are Oropouche virus, endemic of amazon basin and Bluetongue Virus, which affects both wildlife and domestic livestocks. The convenience collections were done on Alvorada do Oeste, Buritis, Cacoal, Costa Marques, Espigão do Oeste, Guajará-Mirim, Pimenta Bueno, São Francisco Guaporé and Porto Velho municipalities, in Rondônia state through HP light traps between 18:00 and 06:00. Systematic collections were made in Porto Velho municipality on forest and pasture environments. Were collected 2,196 Culicoides (1,515 females and 681 males) distributed throughout 43 species and 27 morfotypes. The species most frequent were Culicoides insignis (n=1,594; 72.59%), C. foxi (n=76; 3.46%), C. hildebrandoi (n=53; 2.41%), C. leopoldoi (n=44; 2%), C. ocumarensis (n=34; 1.55%), C. pusillus (n=29; 1.32%) and C. glabrior (n=28; 1.28%). There were 37 news records of species in Rondônia and three for Brazil. The municipalities with greatest richness were Porto Velho (56), Cacoal (26) e Costa Marques (14). The municipalities with lowest richness were Espigão do Oeste (4), Buritis (3) and Alvorada do Oeste (2). Species with greatest distribution were C. foxi and C. leopoldoi. In Porto Velho were collected 1,773 individuals (1,179 female and 594 males), collected 228 individuals and 51 species in forest, and collected 1,545 individuals and 19 species in pasture. The most abundant species were C. insignis (n=1,472; 83%), C. foxi (n=45; 2.5%), C. glabrior (n=25; 1.4%) and C. ocumarensis (n=23; 1.3%). The forest presented most richness (41 species) and pasture presented greatest abundance (1,545 individuals). In Pasture the most abundant species were C. insignis (1,457-94.30%), C. foxi (34-2.20%) and C. ocumarensis (14-0.90%), and Forest the most abundant species were C. glabrior (25-10.96%), C. insignis (15-6.57%) e C. tetrathyris (15-6.57%). Diversity of species and eveness on Forest environment were greatest than Pasture environment. There was significant statistical difference (p=0.02) on species composition per environment. Diagnoses of some individuals of Rondônia were made. The findings of species of Culicoides on Rondônia now contribute to the total of 46 species, representing 36.8% of amazon species. The species C. darlingtonae, C. contubernalis e C. rodriguezi contribute for ampliation of geographic distribution this species and increase of amazon species fauna. The wide distribution of C. foxi and C. leopoldoi suggest that this species are ecletics for ecotypes and blood meal sources (chicken, livestock and human). The high abundance of C. insignis indicates that feeding behavior on mammals can be one of the factors contributing to the high number of individuals on light traps when placed near blood meal sources. Low number of individuals of C. paraensis on rural areas suggests that this specie is little attracted to light traps due to its diurnal or anthropophilic and urban habit that this species has. In Porto Velho, greatest abundance of C. insignis on Pasture can is related to the wet and muddy substrate with decaying organic matter, which favors the development of immature. The greatest diversity in forest can be explained by water bodies, wetlands, undergrowth, fruit peels present in this breeding sites, which makes it conducive to the proliferation and maintenance of Culicoides species. The diagnosis of the main morphotypes shows differences and similarities in relation to species already described, indicating possible new species for the state of Rondônia. / A família Ceratopogonidae possui quatro gêneros hematófagos: Forcipomyia, Leptoconops, Austroconops e Culicoides. Os Culicoides são insetos com até 3 mm de tamanho, as fêmeas são vetores de helmintos, protozoários e vírus. As principais arboviroses transmitidas são Oropouche, endêmica da bacia amazônica e Vírus da Língua Azul, que acomete bovinos silvestres e domésticos. As coletas de conveniência foram realizadas nos municípios de Alvorada do Oeste, Buritis, Cacoal, Costa Marques, Espigão do Oeste, Guajará-Mirim, Pimenta Bueno e São Francisco Guaporé, no estado de Rondônia, por meio de armadilhas luminosas HP entre 18:00 e 06:00. As coletas sistemáticas foram feitas no município de Porto Velho nos ambientes de floresta e pasto. Foram capturados 2.196 indivíduos, (1.515 fêmeas e 681 machos), distribuídos em 43 espécies e 27 morfótipos. As espécies mais frequentes foram Culicoides insignis (n=1.594; 72,59%), C. foxi (n=76; 3,46%), C. hildebrandoi (n=53; 2,41%), C. leopoldoi (n=44; 2%), C. ocumarensis (n=34; 1,55%), C. pusillus (n=29; 1,32%) e C. glabrior (n=28; 1,28%). Houve 37 novos registros de espécies em Rondônia e três novos registros para o Brasil. Os municípios com maior riqueza foram Porto Velho (56), Cacoal (26) e Costa Marques (14). Os municípios com menor de número de espécies foram Espigão do Oeste (4), Buritis (3) e Alvorada do Oeste (2). As espécies com maior distribuição foram C. foxi e C. leopoldoi. No município de Porto Velho foram capturados 1.773 indivíduos (1.179 fêmeas e 594 machos), sendo coletados 228 espécimens e 51 espécies em floresta, e 1.545 indivíduos e 19 espécies em pasto. As espécies mais abundantes foram C. insignis (1.472; 83%), C. foxi (45; 2,5%), C. glabrior (25; 1,4%) e C. ocumarensis (23; 1,3%). Floresta apresentou maior riqueza (41) e o pasto apresentou maior abundância (n=1.545). No pasto as espécies mais abundantes foram C. insignis (1.457-94,30%), C. foxi (34-2,20%) e C. ocumarensis (14-0,90%), e em floresta as mais abundantes foram C. glabrior (25-10,96%), C. insignis (15-6,57%) e C. tetrathyris (15-6,57%). A diversidade de espécies e a homogeneidade foram maiores em área de floresta do que o ambiente pasto. Houve diferença estatística significativa (p=0,02) na composição de espécies por ambiente. Foram realizadas diagnoses de alguns morfótipos de Rondônia. O achado de espécies de Culicoides em Rondônia contribui agora para o total de 46 espécies, representando 36,8% das espécies amazônicas. As espécies C. darlingtonae, C. contubernalis e C. rodriguezi contribuem para a ampliação da distribuição geográfica dessas espécies e o incremento da fauna de espécies amazônicas. A ampla distribuição de C. foxi e C. leopoldoi sugere que essas espécies são ecléticas às opções de ecótopos e fontes de repasto (galinhas, gados e humanos). A alta abundância de C. insignis indica que o comportamento alimentar sobre os mamíferos pode ser um dos fatores que contribui para o elevado número de indivíduos em armadilhas luminosas, quando colocadas próximas a fontes de repasto. O baixo número de C. paraensis na zona rural sugere que essa espécie é pouco atraída às armadilhas luminosas devido a seu hábito diurno ou ao hábito antropofílico e urbano que essa espécie apresenta. Em Porto Velho, a maior abundância de C. insignis em pasto pode está relacionado ao substrato úmido e enlameado com matéria orgânica em decomposição, que favorece o desenvolvimento de imaturos. A maior diversidade em floresta pode ser explicada pelos corpos d’água, brejos, serrapilheira, cascas de frutas presentes neste ecótopo, que torna propício à proliferação e manutenção de espécies de Culicoides. A diagnose dos principais morfótipos mostra diferenças e semelhanças em relação às espécies já descritas, indicando possíveis espécies novas para o estado de Rondônia.

Submitted by Inácio de Oliveira Lima Neto (inacio.neto@inpa.gov.br) on 2018-07-13T18:47:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_Luis_versao_final.pdf: 15102445 bytes, checksum: 19cf08353dc3d5342446786c90e35595 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T18:47:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertacao_Luis_versao_final.pdf: 15102445 bytes, checksum: 19cf08353dc3d5342446786c90e35595 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The Ceratopogonidae family possesses four hematophagics genus: Forcipomyia, Leptoconops, Austroconops and Culicoides. The Culicoides are insects with 3mm in length, the female are vectors of helminths, protozoan and virus. The main arboviruses transmitted are Oropouche virus, endemic of amazon basin and Bluetongue Virus, which affects both wildlife and domestic livestocks. The convenience collections were done on Alvorada do Oeste, Buritis, Cacoal, Costa Marques, Espigão do Oeste, Guajará-Mirim, Pimenta Bueno, São Francisco Guaporé and Porto Velho municipalities, in Rondônia state through HP light traps between 18:00 and 06:00. Systematic collections were made in Porto Velho municipality on forest and pasture environments. Were collected 2,196 Culicoides (1,515 females and 681 males) distributed throughout 43 species and 27 morfotypes. The species most frequent were Culicoides insignis (n=1,594; 72.59%), C. foxi (n=76; 3.46%), C. hildebrandoi (n=53; 2.41%), C. leopoldoi (n=44; 2%), C. ocumarensis (n=34; 1.55%), C. pusillus (n=29; 1.32%) and C. glabrior (n=28; 1.28%). There were 37 news records of species in Rondônia and three for Brazil. The municipalities with greatest richness were Porto Velho (56), Cacoal (26) e Costa Marques (14). The municipalities with lowest richness were Espigão do Oeste (4), Buritis (3) and Alvorada do Oeste (2). Species with greatest distribution were C. foxi and C. leopoldoi. In Porto Velho were collected 1,773 individuals (1,179 female and 594 males), collected 228 individuals and 51 species in forest, and collected 1,545 individuals and 19 species in pasture. The most abundant species were C. insignis (n=1,472; 83%), C. foxi (n=45; 2.5%), C. glabrior (n=25; 1.4%) and C. ocumarensis (n=23; 1.3%). The forest presented most richness (41 species) and pasture presented greatest abundance (1,545 individuals). In Pasture the most abundant species were C. insignis (1,457-94.30%), C. foxi (34-2.20%) and C. ocumarensis (14-0.90%), and Forest the most abundant species were C. Glabrior (25-10.96%), C. insignis (15-6.57%) e C. tetrathyris (15-6.57%). Diversity of species and eveness on Forest environment were greatest than Pasture environment. There was significant statistical difference (p=0.02) on species composition per environment. Diagnoses of some individuals of Rondônia were made. The findings of species of Culicoides on Rondônia now contribute to the total of 46 species, representing 36.8% of amazon species. The species C. Darlingtonae, C. contubernalis e C. rodriguezi contribute for ampliation of geographic distribution this species and increase of amazon species fauna. The wide distribution of C. foxi and C. leopoldoi suggest that this species are ecletics for ecotypes and blood meal sources (chicken, livestock and human). The high abundance of C. insignis indicates that feeding behavior on mammals can be one of the factors contributing to the high number of individuals on light traps when placed near blood meal sources. Low number of individuals of C. paraensis on rural areas suggests that this specie is little attracted to light traps due to its diurnal or anthropophilic and urban habit that this species has. In Porto Velho, greatest abundance of C. insignis on Pasture can is related to the wet and muddy substrate with decaying organic matter, which favors the development of immature. The greatest diversity in forest can be explained by water bodies, wetlands, undergrowth, fruit peels present in this breeding sites, which makes it conducive to the proliferation and maintenance of Culicoides species. The diagnosis of the main morphotypes shows differences and similarities in relation to species already described, indicating possible new species for the state of Rondônia. / A família Ceratopogonidae possui quatro gêneros hematófagos: Forcipomyia, Leptoconops, Austroconops e Culicoides. Os Culicoides são insetos com até 3 mm de tamanho, as fêmeas são vetores de helmintos, protozoários e vírus. As principais arboviroses transmitidas são Oropouche, endêmica da bacia amazônica e Vírus da Língua Azul, que acomete bovinos silvestres e domésticos. As coletas de conveniência foram realizadas nos municípios de Alvorada do Oeste, Buritis, Cacoal, Costa Marques, Espigão do Oeste, Guajará-Mirim, Pimenta Bueno e São Francisco Guaporé, no estado de Rondônia, por meio de armadilhas luminosas HP entre 18:00 e 06:00. As coletas sistemáticas foram feitas no município de Porto Velho nos ambientes de floresta e pasto. Foram capturados 2.196 indivíduos, (1.515 fêmeas e 681 machos), distribuídos em 43 espécies e 27 morfótipos. As espécies mais frequentes foram Culicoides insignis (n=1.594; 72,59%), C. foxi (n=76; 3,46%), C. hildebrandoi (n=53; 2,41%), C. leopoldoi (n=44; 2%), C. ocumarensis (n=34; 1,55%), C. pusillus (n=29; 1,32%) e C. glabrior (n=28; 1,28%). Houve 37 novos registros de espécies em Rondônia e três novos registros para o Brasil. Os municípios com maior riqueza foram Porto Velho (56), Cacoal (26) e Costa Marques (14). Os municípios com menor de número de espécies foram Espigão do Oeste (4), Buritis (3) e Alvorada do Oeste (2). As espécies com maior distribuição foram C. foxi e C. leopoldoi. No município de Porto Velho foram capturados 1.773 indivíduos (1.179 fêmeas e 594 machos), sendo coletados 228 espécimens e 51 espécies em floresta, e 1.545 indivíduos e 19 espécies em pasto. As espécies mais abundantes foram C. Insignis (1.472; 83%), C. foxi (45; 2,5%), C. glabrior (25; 1,4%) e C. ocumarensis (23; 1,3%). Floresta apresentou maior riqueza (41) e o pasto apresentou maior abundância (n=1.545). No pasto as espécies mais abundantes foram C. insignis (1.457-94,30%), C. foxi (34-2,20%) e C. ocumarensis (14-0,90%), e em floresta as mais abundantes foram C. glabrior (25-10,96%), C. Insignis (15 6,57%) e C. tetrathyris (15-6,57%). A diversidade de espécies e a homogeneidade foram maiores em área de floresta do que o ambiente pasto. Houve diferença estatística significativa (p=0,02) na composição de espécies por ambiente. Foram realizadas diagnoses de alguns morfótipos de Rondônia. O achado de espécies de Culicoides em Rondônia contribui agora para o total de 46 espécies, representando 36,8% das espécies amazônicas. As espécies C. darlingtonae, C. contubernalis e C. rodriguezi contribuem para a ampliação da distribuição geográfica dessas espécies e o incremento da fauna de espécies amazônicas. A ampla distribuição de C. foxi e C. leopoldoi sugere que essas espécies são ecléticas às opções de ecótopos e fontes de repasto (galinhas, gados e humanos). A alta abundância de C. Insignis indica que o comportamento alimentar sobre os mamíferos pode ser um dos fatores que contribui para o elevado número de indivíduos em armadilhas luminosas, quando colocadas próximas a fontes de repasto. O baixo número de C. paraensis na zona rural sugere que essa espécie é pouco atraída às armadilhas luminosas devido a seu hábito diurno ou ao hábito antropofílico e urbano que essa espécie apresenta. Em Porto Velho, a maior abundância de C. insignis em pasto pode está relacionado ao substrato úmido e enlameado com matéria orgânica em decomposição, que favorece o desenvolvimento de imaturos. A maior diversidade em floresta pode ser explicada pelos corpos d’água, brejos, serrapilheira, cascas de frutas presentes neste ecótopo, que torna propício à proliferação e manutenção de espécies de Culicoides. A diagnose dos principais morfótipos mostra diferenças e semelhanças em relação às espécies já descritas, indicando possíveis espécies novas para o estado de Rondônia.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1962. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-92).

This study has investigated the nature of host derived cues used by parous female <I>C. impunctatus </I>in the location of blood meal hosts. Olfaction has been shown to be a vital part of the process. The responses of antennal receptors of females to a variety of host-derived volatile compounds were assessed using the EAG technique. High antennal sensitivity to olfactory cues was indicated by low thresholds for response and, taking into account the volatility of the compounds, a clear hierarchy of response was obtained in which octenol was the most stimulatory, followed by phenolics, lactic acid and finally ketones. Of particular note with regard to phenolic compounds was the finding that 3-derivatives (3-n-propylphenol & 3-methylphenol) were more stimulatory than their 4-derivatives (eg 4-methylphenol). Behavioural assays conducted within a Y-tube olfactometer showed that attraction to olfactory cues was dose dependent. Supra optimal doses which caused receptor saturation (as demonstrated in the EAG assay), also induced marked changes in behaviour with responses being either no different to random expectation, or the compound appearing to be repellent. Wind tunnel assays corroborated these findings for octenol and acetone when used in conjunction with 0.01% CO<SUB>2</SUB>. Upwind flight was found to be maximal, and significantly different from responses to the CO<SUB>2</SUB> standard, at concentrations within the tunnel of 1.33x10<SUP>-8</SUP> g 1<SUP>-1</SUP> and 1.5x10<SUP>-6</SUP> g 1<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. These concentrations are approximately those released by a bovid host for octenol and 1/1000x for acetone. Females exhibited a linear dose dependent response to increases in the concentration of CO<SUB>2</SUB> in the wind tunnel up to 0.09% whether gas was released as a plume or as a lightly turbulent cloud. However, at cloud concentrations above this, CNS mediated habituation is suggested to have arrested upwind flight.