The Tswaing Meteorite Crater, formed 220 000 years ago, on the farm of Zoutpan, (or also known as the Pretoria Saltpan), had been a topographic and geological riddle for a long period of time. The gathering of salt from the crater was its main attraction for many groups that flocked to the crater, which later became an important beacon of infrastructure, becoming the largest producer of Soda and Salt in the Transvaal in the early 1900’s. Knowledge is an intangible quality of the cultural landscape and its history which can be lost in the blink of an eye if it is not preserved, commemorated and conserved for future generations. Through the investigation of Inclusive Design and the application of its principles, the narrative which is Tswaing, can be made accessible to all by revealing the concealed narrative of the place, tangible and intangible, through time. The afterthought or lack of design for disabled individuals can be seen in many projects. By ensuring accessibility is part of the design process from the onset of the project, valuable resources are not needlessly wasted later. As a result the cultural landscape and its secrets can be uncovered and shared with all. / Dissertation ML(Prof )--University of Pretoria, 2014 / gm2014 / Architecture / ML(Prof) / Unrestricted

This study proposes a systematics for South African cultural landscapes. This study further aims to strengthen the analytical potential of the system by identifying a suitable platform for collaboration to supplement biophysical ecologies with the cultural ecologies. Item 4 of the aims of the National Heritage Resources Act No 25 of 1999 specifically states: that it is necessary to introduce an integrated system for the identification, assessment and management of the heritage resources of South Africa. Although all the aims mentioned in the Act are required for a complete management system for South African cultural resources, without a workable identification and assessment process, management will be ineffectual. This study addresses and proposes a systematics to accomplish this fundamental requirement of a complete management system. The research project is a proposal to the South African community of concerned individuals, institutions and agencies dealing with the conservation and protection of the cultural resources of the country. It is presented for consideration and adoption as alternative and supplemental management procedures. This research for cultural landscape management tools and techniques will supplement current programs by the relevant agencies who are considered to be holistic, combining African cultural perspectives on environmental values with the traditional western approach to conservation, thus amalgamating cultural and biophysical issues. The study is both qualitative and quantitative. It identifies and describes current conditions, and through the review of case study field data to test and correlate the documented data. All hypotheses are successfully proven and substantiated with both the critical review of the literature, the key interviews and the case study reviews. The sub-problems investigated each of the aspects to compile such a systematics. This thesis thus successfully proposes a systematic for the cultural landscapes of South Africa. This study recommends that the research into cultural differences and the relationship of various cultures to the biophysical landscape be extended and, furthermore, an alternative to the western way of documentation and mapping culture must be sought. / Thesis (PhD(Landscape Architecture))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Architecture / unrestricted

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第22501号 / 農博第2405号 / 新制||農||1077(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R2||N5281(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 柴田 昌三, 教授 神﨑 護, 教授 德地 直子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

From the 1891 establishment of the Trustees of Public Reservations, a private statewide landscape preservation organization, to America’s 1941 entry into World War II, a citizen-led effort to safeguard and improve Massachusetts’s woodlands resulted in the establishment of a multiple use state forest and park system that combined timber production and outdoor recreation in order to restore, protect, and connect people to the Commonwealth’s forests. This interdisciplinary dissertation argues that conservationists, public officials, and foresters strove to revitalize Massachusetts’s natural landscape, rural economy, and cultural identity by promoting scientific forestry, founding publicly-owned and -managed timber reserves, and providing outdoor recreational opportunities. The state expanded these public forests’ number, size, and function during the early twentieth century in response to shifting cultural, economic, and political forces. By analyzing how changing institutional priorities, professional practices, and cultural attitudes shaped the landscapes of Massachusetts’s state forests and parks, this dissertation provides a new perspective on state level forest conservation in the early-twentieth-century United States. Chapter One examines the private organizations and public institutions that experimented with different methods of forest protection, in particular the Massachusetts Forestry Association’s campaign to promote forestry and encourage the legislature to appoint a state forester. Chapter Two closely appraises how the state foresters’ efforts to educate the public, control fires and pests, promote reforestation, and establish state forests were intertwined with anxieties over Massachusetts’s dominant Yankee cultural identity in the face of immigration, urbanization, and industrialization. The third chapter recounts how the reorganized Department of Conservation began to weave recreational features into an enlarged state forest system in response to shifting cultural attitudes and new pressures during the 1920s. Chapter Four demonstrates how the 1930s arrival of the Civilian Conservation Corps, a federal employment relief program, accelerated the ongoing shift to a multiple use land management system as landscape architects coordinated a massive improvement of recreational facilities, some of which reinscribed distorted cultural narratives into the landscape. When World War II halted progress, Massachusetts’s roughly 175,000-acre network of state forests and parks constituted a sophisticated multiple use public land system of national significance that met a diverse society’s needs.

The Tswaing Meteorite Crater, formed 220 000 years ago, on the farm of Zoutpan, (or also known as the Pretoria Saltpan), had been a topographic and geological riddle for a long period of time. The gathering of salt from the crater was its main attraction for many groups that flocked to the crater, which later became an important beacon of infrastructure, becoming the largest producer of Soda and Salt in the Transvaal in the early 1900’s. Knowledge is an intangible quality of the cultural landscape and its history which can be lost in the blink of an eye if it is not preserved, commemorated and conserved for future generations. Through the investigation of Inclusive Design and the application of its principles, the narrative which is Tswaing, can be made accessible to all by revealing the concealed narrative of the place, tangible and intangible, through time. The afterthought or lack of design for disabled individuals can be seen in many projects. By ensuring accessibility is part of the design process from the onset of the project, valuable resources are not needlessly wasted later. As a result the cultural landscape and its secrets can be uncovered and shared with all. / Dissertation ML(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Architecture / unrestricted

As China experiences rapid urbanization, local traditional knowledge (LTK) has been increasingly brought to the public’s attention as a significant feature of cultural identity and inclusiveness. Especially in the ethnic minority areas, it is important to respect LTK so that the cultural identity and social cohesion of ethnic minorities can be sustained in an increasingly urbanized environment. The objective of this research is to explore the incorporation of LTK during the process of urbanizing China’s ethnic minority regions from the perspective of residents. Using Dali City as a case study, this dissertation investigates local Bai people’s perspective on LTK with urbanization in mind. Questionnaire surveys, focus group discussions, and daily field observations are employed to examine how Bai LTK is impacting Dali’s cultural landscape. Based on the questionnaire surveys answered by 80 Bai people, this research finds that Dali has a well-preserved Bai cultural landscape. Complementary to the questionnaire findings, the focus group data and daily field observations provide robust conclusions on how local Bai people perceive the preservation of their culture. Respondents placed a high cultural value on Bai language, traditional architecture, and traditional festivals. Nonetheless, a discrepancy is evident between participants’ preferences regarding the conservation of Bai traditions, which reveals the culture preservation is facing challenges. By demonstrating that there are profound differences in Bai LTK conservation between the urban and rural areas, this study contributes to more realistic descriptions of the impact of urbanization in Dali. Particularly, it captures the cultural processes which transform the built environment and reveals a better strategy to integrate LTK with urban development. The decision-making process for ethnic culture preservation is highly complicated and refers to achieving a benefit equilibrium for every stakeholder using a more participative approach. LTK indicates an intrinsic value to a livable city and is instrumental in an inclusive urbanism. The research findings assert a better understanding of culture preservation from the perspective of Bai people in Dali and shed light on the interplay between LTK and sustainable development in the ethnic minority region.

The focus of this research lies on the possibilities and willingness of accommodation businesses to work for and towards sustainability in a destination. The area of investigation is the municipality of Bad Hindelang located in the German Alps. The so called Ökomodell stands for a collaboration agreement between agriculture and the municipality in order to preserve Bad Hindelang’s ecologically and touristically extremely valuable cultural landscape through continued traditional pasture-based livestock farming. The point of departure for this research is the destination’s goal to bring the accommodation sector on board. Two questions are particularly relevant in this context. First, to what extend do accommodation businesses recognize the Ökomodell’s importance for their own success as tourism stakeholders? And second, what factors influence their willingness to implement appropriate sustainability measures? The approach chosen for this research is mixed methods. Both, qualitative semi-structured expert interviews as well as a quantitative survey have been conducted. The results lay open the perspective of accommodation providers in Bad Hindelang. They have shown to be aware of agriculture being the condition for landscape preservation and thus long-term success in tourism. However, their willingness to contribute by implementing suggested sustainability actions is influenced by a multitude of other factors; above all, the costs and benefits going along as well as their level of engagement and foresight as tourism entrepreneurs.

This thesis is a part of the Faculty of Humanities project which investigates the development of the countryside in Bohemia during the age of industrialization. It focuses on the micro- region Kamenice-Velké Popovice. In the 19th century the Ringhoffer family established here the so-called United Dominion Kamenice-Štiřín. Following their commercial, cultural, representative and recreational activities, they gently and with consideration transformed the countryside step by step. The thesis is based on archival research, field research of the landscape traces of the Ringhoffers' activities in both XIX and XX centuries and on the study of literature and maps. Keywords Ringhoffer, land-use, landscape, dominion, land, business

American undertakers first began relocating from downtown parlors to mansions in residential neighborhoods around the First World War, and by midcentury virtually every city and town possessed at least one funeral home in a remodeled dwelling. Using industry publications, newspapers, photographs, legal documents, and field work, this dissertation mines the funeral industry's shift from business district to residential district for insights into America's evolving residential landscape, the impact of consumer culture on the built environment, and the communicative power of objects. Chapters one and two describe the changing landscape of professional deathcare. Chapter three explores the funeral home's residential setting as the battleground where undertakers clashed with residents and civil authorities for the soul of America's declining nineteenth-century neighborhoods and debated the efficacy and legality of zoning. The funeral home itself became a site for debate within the industry over whether or not professionals could also be successful merchants. Chapters four and five demonstrate how an awareness of both the symbolic value of material culture and the larger consumer marketplace led enterprising undertakers to mansions as a tool to legitimate their claims to professional status and as a setting to stimulate demand for luxury goods, two objectives often at odds with one another. Chapter five also explores the funeral home as a barometer of rising pressures within retail culture, from its emphasis on merchandising and democratized luxury to the industry's early exodus from the downtown as a harbinger of the postwar decentralization of shopping to the suburbs. Amidst perennial concerns over rising burial costs and calls for greater simplicity, funeral directors created spaces that married simplicity to luxury, a paradox that became a hallmark of modern consumer culture. Notwithstanding their success as retail spaces, funeral homes struggled for acceptance as ritual spaces. Chapter six follows the industry's aggressive campaign to dislodge the home funeral using advertisements that showcased the funeral home's privacy and homelike comforts. In the end, a heightened emphasis within consumer culture on convenience and the funeral home's ability to balance sales and ceremony solidified its enduring and iconic place within the vernacular landscape.

The thesis deals with current cultural landscape and reflection of individual social topics in Europe. The installation consists of three objects that solve the individual theme, using material experiments. Their reactions shift these topics further to certain associations.