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The preservation of cultural landscapes takes an understanding of a region’s shared history, their sense of place, and the sensory and spatial behavior of their appropriated spaces. That being said preserving cultural landscapes in urban areas can be especially challenging. They are constantly growing and evolving which requires special considerations to avoid suffocation of the space and the inhabitants’ spatial behavior. The practice of preserving cultural landscapes on an urban scale has been relatively lacking in the United States. The same preservation strategies are used for various types of cultural landscapes that have their own characteristics and stories. Different tactics and mentalities for varying cultural landscapes hasn’t been thoroughly investigated or acknowledged. That being said, the underdeveloped strategies provided a challenging and yet free interpretation of what preservation of cultural landscapes may look like. This paper discusses the key components that were used as a guide to prepare a plan and design a contemporary intervention for promoting a cultural landscape in a city located in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Harlingen, Texas is a unique border town with its varying layers of settlement and inhabitancy has created a particular assemblage of people from a diverse set of backgrounds and heritages. It holds a distinctive location in the southern portion of Texas as it sits closely to the Mexican border as well as the coast of the Gulf of Mexico which has created a distinctive dynamic between nature and culture. If one were to observe Harlingen in all its qualities a question arises: How can we celebrate Harlingen as a unique culture and historic resource while allowing the small urban setting in South Texas to continue developing and growing. With the understanding of Harlingen’s unique character, history, and sense of place this paper works to implement the components of preserving a ‘living cultural landscape’ where consideration of preserving the physical aspects as well as Harlingen’s daily life are the main priority.

Résumé : L'organisation de l'espace basilien est le reflet culturel de ses habitants. Le paysage humanisé actuel est la résultante de divers artefacts culturels. Pour mieux comprendre l'occupation du sol basilien, il convient de percevoir le milieu physique et humain dans son ensemble, d'examiner à fond les séquences de l'établissement humain et d'identifier les déséquilibres spatiaux temporels qui compromettent l'évolution rationnelle du territoire. L'identification des contraintes et des potentiels du territoire favorise l'élaboration et la conceptualisation d'un plan d'aménagement du territoire équilibré, qui met en valeur l'intégrité de la composante culturelle basilienne. En outre, cette recherche tente d'élucider et de corriger certaines lacunes perceptibles dans le territoire de la municipalité de Saint-Basile.||Abstract : The built up area of Saint-Basile represents the cultural iconography of his inhabitants. Apparently, the cultural landscape is set up from former man made modifications. For a better understanding of the Saint-Basile urban land use, it is a must to perceive and recognize distincly the physical and the human factors abroad; to scrutinize the human settlements sequences since the colonization and to identify the internal land use patterns components who jeopardize the rational developpment of the community. The establishement and the identification of the restreints and the potentiels within the town of Saint-Basile will lead to a design and a better urban land use planning which will preserved the cultural identity of his inhabitants. Therefore, the research tends to light up and rectify some visibles linkages of the Saint-Basile urban land use.

Since 1999 it has been possible for Swedish municipalities and the Swedish county administrative board to establish cultural reserves to protect particularly valuable cultural landscape. The protective character of the cultural reserve is supposed to be equivalent to the one found in nature reserves. The separation between the two protective forms have led to a marginalization of the protection of cultural landscape. This thesis has, using Posthumanist theory, studied the investigation process preceding the establishing of three maritime cultural reserves. The thesis also investigates if the general work with cultural landscape could benefit from a Posthumanist approach. To reach the purpose of this thesis, three research questions were formed: how does laws and conventions relate to Posthumanist theory, which values are highlighted in the process of investigating valuable landscapes and how does the practical work with investigating maritime cultural landscape manifest itself? The source material for the thesis consists of a study of documentation, laws and conventions. It also includes an interview study with informants at the Swedish heritage board, The Swedish National Maritime Museums and two persons responsible for the Cultural reserves at the municipality of Haninge and the Swedish county administrative board of Gävleborg. Research shows that the work with managing maritime cultural landscape and preservation would benefit from the use of a Posthumanist approach. The laws and guidelines that exists, based on euro-american definitions of what a valuable landscape is, limits the informants in their work to preserve all aspects of the landscape. Nature and culture are interlaced and cannot be separated. A landscape management system that acknowledge this and allows the public to be a part of the creation of cultural heritage, will lead to a more sustainable preservation. This document is a two years’ master´s thesis in Archive, Library and Museums studies.

La place du mort est une étude topographique des sépultures païennes de l'âge de fer en Islande. Le but de ce travail est d'étudier la localisation des tombes et d'en déterminer le sens. Les résultats se fondent sur une révision critique de toutes les données disponibles en matière de site funéraire en Islande, et sur la fouille de chaque sépulture répertoriée. Les données obtenues permettent l'élaboration d'un modèle de localisation des tombes qui les situe a) loin des fermes, mais près des frontières et des routes, b) à proximité des fermes et à une courte distance de leur zone d'activité principale et c) au carrefour entre la route principale et l'allée menant au corps de ferme. Ces résultats ont été testés et confirmés par d'autres explorations de terrain et des fouilles récentes. La comparaison des tombes situées en a) et en b) met en évidence une différence intéressante : près des fermes, les tombes sont souvent orientées nord-sud, les sépultures sont en petit nombre et d'une variété limitée, et la population des défunts est majoritairement constituée d'hommes adultes ou âgés. Les tombes éloignées des fermes quant à elles sont le plus souvent orientées est-ouest, présentent une variété plus importante de biens funéraires, et contiennent des hommes et des femmes de tous âges. Les spécificités topographiques sont interprétées comme reflétant les différentes étapes du processus de la colonisation humaine de l'Islande, qui a eu lieu à la fin du IXe siècle : au stade initial, les sépultures sont placées près de l‘unique endroit important aux yeux des premiers colons : leur habitation. Puis la croissance de l'immigration entraîne de nouvelles règles, dont l'élaboration de frontières entre les propriétés agricoles, frontières signifiées entre autres par les cimetières qui y sont établis. Vers la fin de la colonisation, les démarcations sont nettes et convenues. Les frontières sont désinvesties et les lieux d'importance sont alors déplacés aux carrefours entre route principale et allée conduisant au nouveaux corps de ferme construits au sein d'établissements prééxistants. / The Place of the Dead. Viking Pagan Burial in Icelandic Cultural LandscapeLa place du mort is a topographical study of pagan burials from the late Iron Age in Iceland. The aim of this work is to investigate where burials are located, and explain the reason behind the choice of place. The results are based on a critical revision of all available data on known burial sites in Iceland, and a survey of each site in the field. The main results are presented as a model of burial location, which shows that graves were placed either a) away from farmhouses, on boundaries and by roads, or b) close to farms, and a short distance outside the main activity area of the farm, or c) at the crossroads between the main road and the home lane leading to the farm. These results were tested – and confirmed - by further field survey and excavation. When the details of each grave at the two extreme locations were compared, and interesting difference became apparent: At locations near farms, the graves are frequently orientated N-S, the grave-goods are in small numbers and of a limited variety, and the population are predominantly adult or old men. The graves far away from the farm, are most often oriented E-W, there is a greater number and a greater variety of gravegoods, and there are male and female graves of people of all ages.The differences between locations are explained as different stages of the process of the human colonisation of Iceland which occurred in the late 9th century : at the initial stage, burials were located near to the only significant place of the first settlers, the habitation. With growing immigration, people establish boundaries between farms by placing cemeteries there. Towards the end of the colonisation, where boundaries have been agreed upon, the most significant location shifts again, from boundaries, to the junction between the main road and the home track, leading to the farm which has been located between two already established settlements.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-21T12:16:03Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Rosiane Dias Mota - 2011 (1).pdf: 19626805 bytes, checksum: fdf446c83a15643b14ecb38eb00f7f49 (MD5) Dissertação - Rosiane Dias Mota - 2011 (2).pdf: 6864764 bytes, checksum: 0ff242966c4e56bcbb285d54719267e0 (MD5) license_rdf: 21267 bytes, checksum: 73e23c2acaaf13389e092bd813e3223d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-03-21T12:17:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Rosiane Dias Mota - 2011 (1).pdf: 19626805 bytes, checksum: fdf446c83a15643b14ecb38eb00f7f49 (MD5) Dissertação - Rosiane Dias Mota - 2011 (2).pdf: 6864764 bytes, checksum: 0ff242966c4e56bcbb285d54719267e0 (MD5) license_rdf: 21267 bytes, checksum: 73e23c2acaaf13389e092bd813e3223d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-21T12:17:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Rosiane Dias Mota - 2011 (1).pdf: 19626805 bytes, checksum: fdf446c83a15643b14ecb38eb00f7f49 (MD5) Dissertação - Rosiane Dias Mota - 2011 (2).pdf: 6864764 bytes, checksum: 0ff242966c4e56bcbb285d54719267e0 (MD5) license_rdf: 21267 bytes, checksum: 73e23c2acaaf13389e092bd813e3223d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This current research examines the territorialities which emerge from the relations established in the presentations and meetings of the ‘Giros of Folias de Reis’ in Goiânia. This binomial cultural-religious manifestation consists of an after Christmas seasonal Catholic popular festivity, which is permeated with Christian rites, beliefs and memories. ‘Giros of Folias’ are, therefore, collective walks practiced by specific fancily-dressed festive groups. Symbolically, ‘giros’ means the Christ walks, and ‘Folias’ represents the ‘Three Kings celebration’. The research has its conceptual and theoretical approaches within the Cultural Geography realm. It seeks to have readings on the meanings of these expressions of popular culture. The ‘Folias de Reis’ produce "inscriptions" in space and time (territory, territoriality, identity), which become part of symbolic landscapes. The territorial relations and symbolic landscapes produced by the ‘Folias de Reis’, even within different realities and contexts, do not have their essence, such as devotion and tradition, changed. These festive groups adapt themselves, or have physical and structural modifications, depending on the situation in which they become part of, but their devotion gets strengthened every time they practice the ‘Giros’. The theoretical and methodological aspects used in the research are based, but not limited to, on the contributions of Adams (2005, 2006, 2010) who debates the territorial relations within the Cultural Geography domain; on the work of Geertz (2001), who addresses conceptual approaches related to ‘culture’; on the insights of Hobsbawm (1997) who provides a reflection on two types of tradition: real and invented one; and, on the work of Cosgrove (2004), who discusses the symbolic landscapes and its reading. For this investigation, the used methodological procedures and tools were: literature review, documented material, fieldwork, maps production, and data analysis. The findings reveal that the “Folia de Reis” entails a festivity replete with social relations which, per se, put in evidence – during the “Giros” - , a symbolic universe composed of rural elements, but, in this particular case, celebrated in an urban environment. The territorialities and cultural landscapes are then produced during the festival with the songs and the hospitality of the festive groups, and it is an event which takes place cyclically according to a Christmas event calendar of Goiania. / permeada de ritos, crenças e lembranças. A presente investigação, apoiada na abordagem da geografia cultural, tem como objetivo analisar as territorialidades que emergem pelas relações estabelecidas nos “giros”, apresentações e encontros de Folias de Reis na cidade de Goiânia, bem como obter uma leitura dos significados destas como manifestação e expressão da cultura popular. As Folias de Reis produzem “marcas” no espaço-tempo (território, territorialidades, identidades) que se configuram em paisagens simbólicas. As relações territoriais e as paisagens simbólicas produzidas pelas Folias de Reis, mesmo em diferentes realidades, não modificam sua essência de devoção e tradição. Esses grupos se adaptam ou sofrem modificações físicas e estruturais de acordo com a situação em que se inserem, mas o sentido devocional se mantém e se fortalece a cada cantoria. Os aspectos teórico-metodológicos utilizados no desenvolvimento desta têm como base, entre outras, às contribuições de Almeida (2005; 2006; 2010), que discute relações territoriais no âmbito da geografia cultural; de Geertz (2001), o qual aborda questões conceituais referentes à cultura; de Hobsbawn (1997), com uma reflexão acerca da tradição genuína e inventada; e de Cosgrove (2004), que discute as paisagens simbólicas e sua leitura. Utilizou-se, como procedimentos metodológicos, levantamento bibliográfico, pesquisa documental, trabalho de campo, tratamento de dados, produção de mapas, entre outros. Conclui-se que a Folia de Reis consiste em uma festa permeada de relações sociais que evidenciam, durante os “giros”, um universo simbólico dotado de elementos rurais no meio urbano da Capital. São nas celebrações, cantorias e na hospitalidade dos foliões, que são produzidas pelas folias, as territorialidades e as paisagens culturais presentes no calendário festivo do ciclo natalino da cidade.

Commercial music festivals in the United States have been growing in popularity since the 1960s. Today, many weekend-long music festivals are annual events spanning a variety of genres and often occur at the same locations each year. My research compares and contrasts how jamband music festivals are marketed as sustainable events and attempts to determine how the advertised sustainable practices are implemented and utilized at selected jamband music venues. The jamband genre of music emphasizes musical improvisation and borrows from other styles of music: rock, electronic, jazz, blues, folk, and bluegrass. In addition, any impacts these festivals have upon the local environment are evaluated. Sustainability is a topic often used as a marketing strategy when promoting summer jamband music festivals. Fans of this genre are identified with a culture that is similar to the environmentally conscious hippie culture of the 1960s and 1970s. The data for this research were obtained through field observations, interviews, surveys, and content analyses of promotional materials. It is my hypothesis that the festivals’ sustainable practices will be adopted by local communities as the festivals leave both a physical and cultural imprint upon the local landscapes, which is determined through attendee surveys and interviews with local decision makers and festival promoters. I also hypothesize that the geographic location of each will have an influence on the participation in such practices by the festival attendees, as I believe those in attendance at the High Sierra Music Festival in California will be more likely to have green lifestyles as California has been a leader in environmentally conscious innovations and attitudes, whereas other states, Illinois and Tennessee, lag behind. The data collected were mapped and analyzed to determine the effectiveness of environmental sustainability promotions and practices at the fan level as well as the local level. This research fills a gap within the geographic literature as no research exists examining the spatial relationship between music festivals and sustainability. Additionally, my research highlights that popular cultural events can be opportunities to engage in meaningful environmental education on issues such as recycling, and environmental sustainability.

Prairie of Mine(s) explores the incorporation of cultural and historical elements within the reclamation of a post-industrial mining landscape in the South Saskatchewan prairie. Reclamation solely by ecological methods often fails to recognize the industrial processes and people that altered the landscape. This project utilizes experiential, cultural, and historical elements within the reclamation of mining lands to shed light on a part of our history that is frequently overlooked and draw attention to actions made on the earth everyday in order for us to live comfortably. / October 2008

This thesis tries to define &lsquo / landscape archaeology&rsquo / as a concept / it describes and analyzes the key landscape archaeology types, dynamics, and approaches. Then, it aims to define the landscape archaeological characteristics of the Troad Region in this context. The archaeological landscape character of the Troad Region shapes the importance of the area, not only for the Anatolian culture, but also for the European cultures and for archaeology discipline. Hence, the necessity of conservation works for the area with the horizon of this concept gains importance. Thesis defines what had been done for the area in terms of conservation and reviews the Long Term Development Plan prepared for the Troia Historical National Park Area. With a critical view of what has been done and what has not been done, it tries to emphasize the importance of grasping the landscape archaeological character of the area in conservation and management plan works. It gives a general guideline to ensure a sustainable future for the historic, cultural, social, economic and environmental nature and qualities of these kinds of areas.