Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S. in animal sciences)--Washington State University, December 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

A study to detect human taeniasis and cysticercosis was conducted in four village communities served by the Bethanie clinic in the North West Province. It was selected because of reports of people being diagnosed with epileptiform episodes (fits/seizures). The total population of the four villages is estimated at 13 947 and many house holders rear pigs in small numbers for both meat and an immediate income. The primary aims of the work were to conduct in the study area a census of all small scale pig producers and a survey of rural village consumers – both by means of a structured questionnaire. In the former, to review pig husbandry practices, slaughter and marketing of pigs and in the latter, to provide information on pork consumption, sanitation as well as people’s knowledge of Taenia solium. From the questionnaires the total number of patients with recorded seizures in the study area, within the selected time frame were determined. Stool samples from consenting participants were screened for T. solium. A descriptive analysis of retrospective data was conducted to determine the proportional morbidity of neurocysticercosis from the medical records of patients diagnosed with seizures in an attempt to establish possible sources of infection and routes of transmission. Secondary objectives were to determine more accurately the total pig population in the study area and to determine the prevalence of cysticercosis in pigs through inspection of those slaughtered at an approved abattoir – surprisingly all found to be negative. The questionnaires revealed a poor understanding of the disease, poor sanitation and hygiene, poor methods of pig husbandry and poor meat inspection and control in rural smallholder communities. There was no significant statistical difference in the proportion of households reporting evidence of epilepsy, between those who owned pigs and those that did not. The incidence of high risk behavior is common, and there is a strong evidence of a tendency towards an association between epilepsy, consumption habits and various epidemiological factors which were considered as possible risk factors. The fact that no T. solium proglottids were found in the faecal samples collected is elaborated on. It is considered unlikely, but possible that the consumer/farmer information days played a significant role in the outcome of this study. / Dissertation (MSc (Veterinary Science))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Paraclinical Sciences / unrestricted

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht, 1980. / Dutch summary. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:31:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paulan_sc_me_araca_prot.pdf: 859556 bytes, checksum: f0e6fa2d3af33e24da91a0232d77060c (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A cisticercose bovina, causada pela forma metacestóide de Taenia saginata, é responsável por prejuízos econômicos devido à desvalorização de carcaças infectadas. A inspeção sanitária tem sido a principal forma de diagnóstico desta zoonose, porém apresenta baixa sensibilidade em identificar animais com infecção menos intensa. Ensaios imunoenzimáticos para detecção de anticorpos e de antígenos representam importante alternativa de diagnóstico ante mortem para a identificação de animais infectados, pois apresentam maior sensibilidade. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas a detecção de anticorpos anti-Taenia saginata e de antígenos do mesmo parasita em amostras de soro de bovinos naturalmente infectados, por meio dos testes ELISA indireto e ELISA sanduíche, respectivamente. Além das condições de realização dos testes, como o preparo das soluções e o tipo de extrato antigênico utilizados, a intensidade da infecção é um dos fatores que mais interferem nos resultados diagnósticos. Dessa forma, as características diagnósticas dos testes ELISA indireto, realizado com três diferentes extratos antigênicos, e ELISA sanduíche, realizado com o anticorpo monoclonal HP10, foram também relacionadas com a intensidade de infecção dos bovinos por Taenia saginata / Bovine cysticercosis caused by Taenia saginata metacestodes is responsible for economic losses due to depreciation of the infected carcasses. Sanitary inspection has been the main diagnostic tool but has low sensitivity in animals light infected. Immunoassays for antibodies and antigens detection are important ante mortem diagnosis, because present higher sensitivity. Antibodies anti-T. saginata and T. saginata antigens detection were evaluated in naturally infected bovine serum samples by indirect ELISA and sandwich ELISA. Besides reagents and test conditions the intensity of animal’s infection represents one of the most important interfering factors on the diagnostic results. Thus, diagnostic characteristics of indirect ELISA performed with three different antigenic extracts and sandwich ELISA, with monoclonal antibody HP10, were related to the intensity of infection in samples from Taenia saginata infected bovines

Orientador: Cáris Maroni Nunes / Banca: Valéria Marçal Félix de Lima / Banca: Hélio José Montassier / Resumo: A cisticercose bovina, causada pela forma metacestóide de Taenia saginata, é responsável por prejuízos econômicos devido à desvalorização de carcaças infectadas. A inspeção sanitária tem sido a principal forma de diagnóstico desta zoonose, porém apresenta baixa sensibilidade em identificar animais com infecção menos intensa. Ensaios imunoenzimáticos para detecção de anticorpos e de antígenos representam importante alternativa de diagnóstico ante mortem para a identificação de animais infectados, pois apresentam maior sensibilidade. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas a detecção de anticorpos anti-Taenia saginata e de antígenos do mesmo parasita em amostras de soro de bovinos naturalmente infectados, por meio dos testes ELISA indireto e ELISA sanduíche, respectivamente. Além das condições de realização dos testes, como o preparo das soluções e o tipo de extrato antigênico utilizados, a intensidade da infecção é um dos fatores que mais interferem nos resultados diagnósticos. Dessa forma, as características diagnósticas dos testes ELISA indireto, realizado com três diferentes extratos antigênicos, e ELISA sanduíche, realizado com o anticorpo monoclonal HP10, foram também relacionadas com a intensidade de infecção dos bovinos por Taenia saginata / Abstract: Bovine cysticercosis caused by Taenia saginata metacestodes is responsible for economic losses due to depreciation of the infected carcasses. Sanitary inspection has been the main diagnostic tool but has low sensitivity in animals light infected. Immunoassays for antibodies and antigens detection are important ante mortem diagnosis, because present higher sensitivity. Antibodies anti-T. saginata and T. saginata antigens detection were evaluated in naturally infected bovine serum samples by indirect ELISA and sandwich ELISA. Besides reagents and test conditions the intensity of animal's infection represents one of the most important interfering factors on the diagnostic results. Thus, diagnostic characteristics of indirect ELISA performed with three different antigenic extracts and sandwich ELISA, with monoclonal antibody HP10, were related to the intensity of infection in samples from Taenia saginata infected bovines / Mestre

Bovine cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease for which cattle are the intermediate hosts of the human tapeworm <i>Taenia saginata</i>. Routine inspection measures are implemented in Canada by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), and similarly elsewhere, for the postmortem detection of larval parasite cysts (cysticerci) in beef destined for human consumption. Detection is based on the gross examination of traditional carcass predilection sites, although it is recognized that the parasite has no true predilection for a particular tissue or site. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the inspection protocol currently implemented in Canada, a study was undertaken to determine the distribution of <i>T. saginata</i> cysticerci in tissues of experimentally infected cattle. Forty-two cross-bred beef cattle were divided into five groups of 5-12 animals each and inoculated orally with either 10000, 5000, 1000, 100 or 10 <i>T. saginata</i> eggs obtained from cases of human taeniosis in Thailand. From 47 to 376 days post-inoculation (DPI), ten animals inoculated with 5000 eggs were killed and the carcasses partitioned into 31 tissue sites. These consisted of the traditionally inspected tissue sites of heart, masseter and pterygoid muscles, tongue, oesophagus, and diaphragm (membranous and crura); as well as non-traditional sites of lung, liver and 20 additional muscles or muscle groups. After the routine inspection for cysticerci of traditional tissue sites, tissues from all sites were each cut into approximately 0.5 cm thick slices and the total number of parasitic cysts and cyst density (cysts/g of tissue) were determined for each site. Traditional sites were similarly evaluated for the remaining 32 animals that were killed between 117 and 466 DPI. Sites were ranked based on cyst density. In the animals for which non-traditional sites were also evaluated, no sites had higher cyst densities than those traditionally inspected. When only traditional sites for all animals were compared, the heart ranked highest overall, although not significantly different from masseter, and was the most frequently affected site. The traditional site of oesophagus was among the poorest of all sites for detection of cysticerci. The heart was confirmed as the site of choice for detection of bovine cysticercosis based on high cyst density and frequency of infection. There was also enhanced visibility of parasite lesions in the heart due to the relatively early degeneration and resultant gross pathology that occurs in cardiac muscle. More thorough examination of the heart is recommended during post-mortem inspection for this parasite, particularly when examining animals from an infected herd. <p>Currently, confirmation by CFIA of suspect cysticerci recovered during meat inspection relies on gross, stereomicroscopic, or standard histological examination. Although degenerating cysticerci are more likely to be detected and submitted for diagnosis, they often cannot be definitively identified by these methods. A recently developed monoclonal antibody-based immunohistochemical (IHC) assay for post-mortem diagnosis of this parasite was optimized and standardized. The IHC method was compared to the currently used histological assay using 169 degenerated known-positive <i>T. saginata</i> cysticerci collected from the experimental infections in the first study and from field submissions, and known-negative specimens and lesions of various etiologies from non-infected cattle. The use of the IHC assay identified significantly more known-positive bovine cysticerci (91.7%) than the histological method (38.5%), and non-specifically reacted only with the other cestode species examined. Since <i>T. saginata</i> is the only larval cestode typically found in the muscle of cattle, this cross-reactivity is not significant and the IHC assay will be a useful tool for the identification of lesions caused by degenerated bovine cysticerci.<p>This research provided evidence to support changes to the current post-mortem inspection, detection and diagnostic procedures and will contribute to more effective and efficient control of bovine cysticercosis.

Bovine cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease for which cattle are the intermediate hosts of the human tapeworm <i>Taenia saginata</i>. Routine inspection measures are implemented in Canada by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), and similarly elsewhere, for the postmortem detection of larval parasite cysts (cysticerci) in beef destined for human consumption. Detection is based on the gross examination of traditional carcass predilection sites, although it is recognized that the parasite has no true predilection for a particular tissue or site. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the inspection protocol currently implemented in Canada, a study was undertaken to determine the distribution of <i>T. saginata</i> cysticerci in tissues of experimentally infected cattle. Forty-two cross-bred beef cattle were divided into five groups of 5-12 animals each and inoculated orally with either 10000, 5000, 1000, 100 or 10 <i>T. saginata</i> eggs obtained from cases of human taeniosis in Thailand. From 47 to 376 days post-inoculation (DPI), ten animals inoculated with 5000 eggs were killed and the carcasses partitioned into 31 tissue sites. These consisted of the traditionally inspected tissue sites of heart, masseter and pterygoid muscles, tongue, oesophagus, and diaphragm (membranous and crura); as well as non-traditional sites of lung, liver and 20 additional muscles or muscle groups. After the routine inspection for cysticerci of traditional tissue sites, tissues from all sites were each cut into approximately 0.5 cm thick slices and the total number of parasitic cysts and cyst density (cysts/g of tissue) were determined for each site. Traditional sites were similarly evaluated for the remaining 32 animals that were killed between 117 and 466 DPI. Sites were ranked based on cyst density. In the animals for which non-traditional sites were also evaluated, no sites had higher cyst densities than those traditionally inspected. When only traditional sites for all animals were compared, the heart ranked highest overall, although not significantly different from masseter, and was the most frequently affected site. The traditional site of oesophagus was among the poorest of all sites for detection of cysticerci. The heart was confirmed as the site of choice for detection of bovine cysticercosis based on high cyst density and frequency of infection. There was also enhanced visibility of parasite lesions in the heart due to the relatively early degeneration and resultant gross pathology that occurs in cardiac muscle. More thorough examination of the heart is recommended during post-mortem inspection for this parasite, particularly when examining animals from an infected herd. <p>Currently, confirmation by CFIA of suspect cysticerci recovered during meat inspection relies on gross, stereomicroscopic, or standard histological examination. Although degenerating cysticerci are more likely to be detected and submitted for diagnosis, they often cannot be definitively identified by these methods. A recently developed monoclonal antibody-based immunohistochemical (IHC) assay for post-mortem diagnosis of this parasite was optimized and standardized. The IHC method was compared to the currently used histological assay using 169 degenerated known-positive <i>T. saginata</i> cysticerci collected from the experimental infections in the first study and from field submissions, and known-negative specimens and lesions of various etiologies from non-infected cattle. The use of the IHC assay identified significantly more known-positive bovine cysticerci (91.7%) than the histological method (38.5%), and non-specifically reacted only with the other cestode species examined. Since <i>T. saginata</i> is the only larval cestode typically found in the muscle of cattle, this cross-reactivity is not significant and the IHC assay will be a useful tool for the identification of lesions caused by degenerated bovine cysticerci.<p>This research provided evidence to support changes to the current post-mortem inspection, detection and diagnostic procedures and will contribute to more effective and efficient control of bovine cysticercosis.

No description available.