Spelling suggestions: "subject:"cytotoxicity activity""
41 |
Fitohemijska karakterizacija i biohemijska ispitivanja plodova vrsta roda Sorbus L. 1753 (Rosaceae, Maloideae) kao izvora prirodnih nutraceutika / Phytochemical characterization and biochemical activity of fruits of genus Sorbus L. 1753 (Rosaceae, Maloideae) as natural source of nutraceuticsMrkonjić Zorica 02 October 2017 (has links)
<p> Cilj ove doktorske disertacije predstavljao je ispitivanje fitohemijskog sastava i biološke aktivnosti vodenih i metanolnih ekstrakata svežih i suvih plodova, kao i pekmeza pripremljenog po tradicionalnoj recepturi od plodova četiri (od kojih se jedna javlja u dve forme) samonike vrsta roda <em>Sorbus</em> L.: S.<em> aucuparia</em>, S.<em> domestica</em>, S. <em>torminalis</em> f. t<em>orminalis</em>, S. <em>torminalis</em> f. <em>semitorminalis</em> i S. intermedia Ispitivanje fitohemijskog sastava obuhvatalo je LC-MS/MS analizu 44 odabrana fenolna jedinjenja i hinske kiseline (organska kiselina). Takođe, spektrofotometrijski je određen sadržaj ukupnih fenolnih i flavonoidnih jedinjenja, kao i sadržaj askorbinske kiseline. Evaluacija biološke aktivnosti obuhvatala je <em>in vitro </em>ispitivanja antioksidantne aktivnosti, kao i ispitivanje uticaja ekstrakata odabranih vrsta roda <em> Sorbus</em> na aktivnost enzima acetilholinesteraze, antimikrobni, kao i antiproliferativni potencijal.</p><p> Sumiranjem dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da sveži i suvi plodovi ispitivanih vrsta <em>Sorbus</em>, kao i pekmezi predstavljaju umeren izvor fenolnih jedinjenja. Kao najzastupljenije fenolne kiseline izdvojile su se protokatehinska i ferulna, a među flavonoidima amentoflavon i kvercetin-3<em>-O-</em>glukozid. Pored toga, hinska kiselina je zabeležena u značajnoj količini u svim analiziranim ekstraktima.</p><p> Ekstrakti ispitivanih vrsta pokazali su umeren antioksidantni potencijal koji se ogleda u njihovoj sposobnosti neutralizacije nekoliko radikalskih vrsta, redukcionom potencijalu i sposobnosti inhibicije lipidne peroksidacije. Ispitivanjem uticaja ekstrakata odabranih vrsta <em> Sorbus</em> naaktivnost enzima acetilholinesteraze dokazana je jedino umerena aktivnost ekstrakata vrste <em>S. aucuparia</em>. Takođe, ispitivani ekstrakti vrsta roda <em>Sorbus</em> ispoljili su umerenu antimikrobnu aktivnost u pogledu inhibicije rasta Gram pozitivne bakterije, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, i Gram negativne bakterije, <em> Escherichia coli</em>. Vodeni i metanolni ekstrakti svežih i suvih plodova vrste <em>S. aucuparia</em> pokazali su umeren i inhibitorni potencijal prema rastu tumorskih (HeLa, MCF7, HT-29), ali i netumorskih ćelijskih linija (MRC-5). Rezultati dobijeni u ovoj doktorskoj distertaciji ukazuju na značajan biopotencijal plodova i pekmeza ispitivanih vrsta <em> Sorbus</em> i ukazuju na njihovu primenu u prehrambenoj industriji u vidu funkcionalne hrane.</p> / <p>The aim of presented PhD thesis was investigation of phytochemical composition and biological activity of water and methanol extracts of fresh and air-dried fruits, as well as jam, made according to traditional recipe, of fruits of four (one of them occurs in two forms) wild growing <em>Sorbus</em> L. species: <em>S. aucuparia, S. domestica, S. torminalis f. torminalis, S. torminalis f. semitorminalis</em> and <em>S. intermedia</em>. Examination of phytochemical composition included LC-MS/MS analysis of 44 selected phenolic compounds and quinic acid (organic acid). Also, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as ascorbic acid content, were determined spectrophotometrically. Biological activity evaluation of extracts of<em> Sorbus</em> species included <em> in vitro </em> investigation of antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity.</p><p> According to obtained results, fresh and air-dried fruits, as well as jam present moderate source of phenolic compounds. Amongs examined phenolic acids protocatechuic and ferulic acids were the most abundant, and amongs investigated flavonoids amentoflavone and quercetin-3-<em>O</em>-glucoside wete present in noticeable amount. Furthermore, high concentration of quinic acid was present in all examined extracts.</p><p> Extracts of all examined species showed moderate antioxidant activity in terms of radical scavenging ability, reduction potential and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Also, investigation of anti-acetylcholinesterase activity revealed moderate activity only of extracts of <em>S. aucuparia</em>. Furthermore, examinated extracts of<em> Sorbus</em> species showedmoderate antimicrobial activity against Gram–positive bacteria, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and Gram-negative bacteria, <em> Escherichia coli</em>. In addition, water and methanol extracts of fresh and air-dried fruits of <em> S.aucuparia</em> showed inhibitory activity toward tumor (HeLa, MCF7, HT-29), and also non-tumor (MRC-5) cell lines. Presented results indicate significant biopotential of examined fruits of <em>Sorbus </em> species and support their use in food industry as functional food.</p>
|
42 |
Contribuição à farmacognosia de Artemisia annua L. e Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae). Acompanhamento da variação de metabólitos secundários em diferentes fases fenológicas, órgãos e extratos vegetais, aspectos botânicos e avaliação da atividade antileishmania in vitro / Pharmacognosy of Artemisia annua L and Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae). Growth stages variation of secondary metabolites in extracts from plant parts collected in different growth stages, botanical aspects and in vitro evaluation of the antileishmanial activityFabiana Lima Silva 29 September 2008 (has links)
Na busca por espécies vegetais com atividade antileishmania, selecionaram-se, para o estudo, duas espécies bem conhecidas da família Asteraceae: Artemisia annua L. e Bidens pilosa L. Ambas são reconhecidamente utilizadas na medicina popular, como antiprotozoárias. Apesar de terem sido amplamente estudadas em diversos aspectos, alguns permaneceram inexplorados, até o momento, e foram abordados, neste trabalho. As duas espécies foram analisadas quanto aos aspectos químico e biológico de extratos (hidroetanólico e infuso) e frações orgânicas selecionados, em função da atividade antileishmania in vitro, frente às formas promastigotas de Leishmania amazonensis. Os extratos foram obtidos a partir de órgãos vegetais, em estados de conservação diferentes (in natura, droga) e coletados em fenofases distintas. Extratos e frações orgânicas das espécies estudadas mostraram promissora atividade antileishmania in vitro e baixo nível de citotoxicidade in vitro em células epiteliais humanas (HEP-2). No estudo químico dos extratos e frações bioativos, realizaram-se análises qualitativas e/ou quantitativas de terpenos, flavonóides e de marcadores específicos (artemisinina, quercetina e rutina), avaliando-se a variação da composição dos mesmos, nas diferentes fenofases consideradas. Discutiram-se as possíveis relações existentes entre a composição química e a atividade biológica verificada. Aspectos inéditos do estudo morfoanatômico de partes aéreas de A. annua foram descritos. / Plants are potential sources of new antileishmanial drugs. Two well-known antiprotozoal species were selected, from the Asteraceae family, for this study: Artemisia annua L and Bidens pilosa L. Despite the traditional and scientific accumulated knowledge, some aspects were not investigated before and were the subject of this work. Several extracts (infusions and ethanol 96 °GL) and selected fractions from both species were evaluated according to the different parameters, such as: plant organs and/or parts, growth stages and drying state of starting materials (fresh, drug). Fractions were selected among those more active against promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. Ethanol extracts and their fractions showed a high level of in vitro antileishmanial activity and a low cytotoxicity on epithelial human cells (HEP-2). Qualitative and/or quantitative analysis of extracts and fractions were performed for terpenes, flavonoids and selected markers (artemisinin, quercetin and rutin) in order to characterize them and evaluate variations during the different growth stages. Correlations of the chemical composition and the biological activity were discussed. The main anatomical characters of the aerial parts of A. annua were described for the first time and illustrated by photomicrographs.
|
43 |
Biološka aktivnost i hemijski sastav ekstrakata odabranih autohtonih makrogljiva / Biological activity and chemical caracteristics of selected extracts of autochtonous macrofungiJanjušević Ljiljana 18 September 2017 (has links)
<p>Prema postavljenim ciljevima u ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji sakupljeno je i <br />determinisano ukupno sedam vrsta autohtonih gljiva sa područja Fruške gore, Tare i Vršačkog brega, pet lignikolnih ‐ <em>Bjerkandera adusta</em>, <em>Pleurocybella porrigens</em>, St<em>ereum hirsutum, Stereum subtomentosum</em> i Trametes versicolor, i <br />dve terikolne ‐ <em>Amanita strobiliformis</em> i Hydnum repandum. Utvrđena je njihova biološka aktivnost (antiradikalska, antioksidativna, antimikrobna, anti‐acetilholinesterazna i citotokisčna) spram hemijskog sastava njihovih vodenih <br />(H<sub>2</sub>O), etanolnih (EtOH), metanolnih (MeOH) i polisaharidnih (PSH) ekstrakata. <br />Analiza hemijskog sastava odabranih vrsta uključila je određivanje hemijske <br />karakterizacije PSH ekstrakata ‐ FTIR analizom, određivanje fenolnog profila ‐ <br />HPMC/MS‐MS, sadržaja organskih kiselina ‐ HPLC, sadržaja masnih kiselina ‐ <br />GC‐FID i sadržaja biogenih elemenata ‐ AAS. Spektrofotometrijskim metodama<br />određen je ukupan sadržaj proteina i ukupan sadržaj fenola i flavonoida. <br />Prema antiradikalskoj aktivnosti OH<sup>• , </sup>O2<sup>•‐</sup>, OH<sup>•</sup>, Asc<sup>•</sup>, DPPH<sup>• </sup> i ABTS<sup>•+</sup> izdvojili <br />su se ekstrakti lignikolnih vrsta: MeOH ekstrakt vrste <em>P. porrigens</em>, H<sub>2</sub>O ekstrakt <em>P. porrigens</em>, MeOH ekstrakt <em>T. versicolor</em>, H<sub>2</sub>O ekstrakt <em>S. hirsutum, </em>MeOH ekstrakt <em>S. subtomentosum</em> i H<sub>2</sub>O ekstrakt <em>B. adusta</em>, navedenim redom. <br />Najjaču antioksidativnu aktivnost dobijenu FRAP i polarografskom HPMC <br />metodom ispoljili su PSH i H<sub>2</sub>O ekstrakti terikolne vrste <em>A. strobiliformis</em>. <br />Antimikrobna aktivnost analiziranih ekstrakata određena je ispitivanjem <br />antibakterijskog, antifungalnog i antiviralnog potencijala, pri čemu se izdvojila <br />vrsta <em> H. repandum</em> ispoljavajući najbolji efekat na Gram‐pozitivne i Gram‐<br />negativne bakterije i na sve analizirane fitopatogene izolate <em>(Fusarium </em>i <br />Alternaria) i<em> T. versicolor</em> na analizirani bakteriofag. Anti‐acetilholinesterazna <br />aktivnost određena je testovima in solid i in liquid, a najbolji procenat <br />inhibicije AChE ispoljili su EtOH ekstrakti vrsta <em>S. hirsutum</em>, <em>B. adusta</em>, <em>S</em>. <br /><em>subtomentosum</em> i <em>T. versicolor</em>. Citotoksična aktivnost ekstrakata određena je <br />MTT testom, a prema najboljoj ispoljenoj aktivnosti izdvojili su se MeOH <br />ekstrakt<em> P. porrigens </em>i ekstrakti<em> B. adusta</em>, H<sub>2</sub>O i EtOH. Citotoksična aktivnost <br />ovih lignikolnih vrsta naročito je izražena nakon 72 h. Na osnovu dobijenih <br />rezultata, gde su se istakle različite vrste i njihovi različiti ekstrakti u <br />primenjenim testovima, jasno je da biološka aktivnost i hemijski sastav zavise <br />od porekla, vrste i tipa ekstrakta analiziranih gljiva. Na osnovu tipa rastvarača <br />odnosno ekstrakata vrsta, koje su pokazale najbolju aktivnost spram pomenutih testova i na osnovu dobijenih korelacija kao i na osnovu detektovanih jedinjenja, pretpostavljamo da su za ispoljene aktivnosti u najvećoj meri odgovorna fenolna jedinjenja i polisaharidi. <br /> <br />Ispoljeni biopotencijal analiziranih vrsta gljiva upućuje na njihovu potencijalnu <br />upotrebu kao funkcionalne hrane i nutraceutika, kao i u biokontroli <br />fitopatogena.</p> / <p>According to the set aims of the presented PhD thesis, seven autochthonous fungal species from the region of Fruska Gora, Tara and Vršac Mountains were collected and determined: five lignicolous ‐ <em>Bjerkandera adusta, Pleurocybella porrigens, Stereum hirsutum, Stereum subtomentosum and Trametes versicolor</em>, and two terricolous ‐ <em>Amanita strobiliformis </em>and <em>Hydnum repandum</em>. Biological activity of these species (antiradical, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti‐ acetylcholinesterase and cytotoxic) was determined in relation to the chemical composition of the extracts, aqueous (H<sub>2</sub>O), ethanolic (EtOH), methanolic (MeOH) and polysaccharide (PSH). Analysis of the chemical content of analyzed species included chemical characterization of PSH extracts – by FTIR analysis, determination of phenolic profile ‐ by HPMC/MS‐MS, content of organic acids ‐ by HPLC, fatty acid content ‐ by GC‐FID and content of biogenic elements ‐ by AAS. Spectrophotometric methods were applied for determination of the content of total proteins, polyphenols and flavonoids. According to the antiradical activity obtained towards OH<sup>•</sup>, О2<sup>•‐</sup>, OH<sup>•</sup>, Asc<sup>•</sup>, DPPH<sup>•</sup> and ABTS<sup>•+</sup> extracts of lignicolous species were singled out: <em>P. porrigens </em> (MeOH extract), <em> P. porrigens</em> (H<sub>2</sub>O extract), <em>T. versicolor</em> (MeOH extract),<em> S. hirsutum </em>(H<sub>2</sub>O extract), <em>S. subtomentosum</em> (MeOH extract) and <em>B. austa</em> (H<sub>2</sub>O extract), respectively. The highest antioxidant activity obtained by FRAP and the polarographic HPMC method was exhibited for PSH and H<sub>2</sub>O extracts of the terricolous species <em>A. strobiliformis</em>. The intimicrobial activity of analyzed extracts was determined by examination of antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral potentials, whereby the species <em>H. repandum </em>was separated by exhibiting the best effect on Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, and all the analyzed hytopathogenic isolates (<em>Fusarium, Alternaria</em>) and <em>T. versicolor</em> against analyzed bacteriophage. Anti‐cetylcholinesterase activity was determined by tests in solid and in liquid, while the best percent of AChE inhibition was showed by EtOH extracts of the species <em>S. hirsutum, B. adusta, S. subtomentosum </em>and <em>T. versicolor</em>.bThe cytotoxic activity of extracts was determined by MTT assay, and according to the best activity, the MeOH extract of <em>P. porrigens</em>, and H<sub>2</sub>O and EtOH extracts of <em>B. adusta</em> were distinguished particularly after 72 h. Based on the results obtained, favoring different species and their different extracts in the applied tests, it is clear that the biological activity and chemical composition depend on the origin, species and type of extract of the analyzed fungi. Based on the type of solvent or extract of the species that showed the best activity in relation to the above tests and on the basis of the obtained correlations as well as on the basis of the detected compounds, we assume that the phenol compounds and polysaccharides are responsible for the activities performed.<br />Demonstrated bio‐potential of analyzed fungal species indicates their potential use as functional foods and nutraceutics, as well as in the biocontrol of phytopathogens.</p>
|
Page generated in 0.0859 seconds