published_or_final_version / Civil and Structural Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.

Thesis (M.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Economic Geology, 1971.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 99 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-94). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Resource Development, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-203).

Thesis (M.S.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Resource Development, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-203).

There are multiple dam failures and dam safety incidents every year in the United States. There are currently no standard policy requirements for when or how to conduct failure or incident investigations. This paper first reviews one of the most significant failures in US history, the failure of Buffalo Creek Dam No. 3 in order to explore the impacts of one significant failure on dam safety policy in the US. The paper then explores the currents state of the industry by reviewing 58 different dam failure or incident investigation reports based on incidents that occurred in the United States from 1960 through 2022. The investigations were analyzed and evaluated for characteristics such as the length of time for the investigation team to get on site, the amount of time to complete the full investigation, what organization funded the investigation, independence of the investigation team, scope of the investigation and several other parameters. This paper makes ten recommendations for improving investigations in the future, including recommended definitions for incidents and failures. The overall purpose was to incorporate all this information to propose legislation that describes the process of performing dam safety incident and failure investigations. The legislation draws from analyses already mentioned and a review of five industry-sponsored safety incident investigation guidelines: (1) the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) for investigations of airplane, rail, marine and highway incidents/crashes, in addition to pipeline failures and hazardous material incidents, (2) the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for building failures, (3) The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for the nuclear industry, (4) The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for work safety incidents, and (5) the currently proposed legislation for the National Disaster Safety Board. The proposed dam safety incident and dam failure legislation defines a dam safety incident as an event where a failure mode initiates and progresses but does not lead to an uncontrolled release from the reservoir. It defines dam failure as an event where a failure mode initiates, progresses and leads to an uncontrolled release water from the reservoir. Failures are of three types: low consequence, significant consequence and high consequence. The legislation proposes that all high consequence failures and all failures and incidents that cause evacuations of 500 or more people get federally conducted and funded investigations.

No description available.

Dams fragment streams and rivers, with >14,000 in New England alone, and have the potential to significantly alter the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of lotic systems. For example, dams can alter temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) regimes, which can, in turn, affect species distributions, whole system metabolism, and nutrient processing rates. Moreover, changes in temperature signal life history cues (e.g., emergence, egg-hatching, migration) for many species of aquatic organisms, and present another avenue for dams to alter biotic communities. Despite the prevalence of small dams in the landscape and their potential significant impacts on temperature and DO, dams have not been well-studied and published impacts vary widely across sites. Given the variation in impact, I sought to quantify the impacts of small dams to stream temperature and DO, and to determine the drivers of inter- and intra-site variation in response. To accomplish this, I deployed 160 continuous temperature data loggers at 30 small, surface-release dams in Massachusetts. The majority of sites (61%) had higher temperatures downstream of the dam compared to upstream and most (85%) experienced decreasing temperatures with increasing distance downstream of the dam, such that the warmest temperatures were located closest to the dam. At approximately half of the temperature sites, flow had a homogenizing effect on temperatures throughout the study reach, whereby impacts were more pronounced (e.g., more warming, faster decay rates) under periods of low flow than under high flow conditions. Magnitude of warming varied greatly among sites, and this variation was explained best by landscape position and reservoir volume, with dams in smaller watersheds and with larger reservoir volumes experiencing greater warming magnitudes. Forest cover, dam height, and the presence of an auxiliary spillway best predicted the downstream temperature decay rate, with temperatures cooling fastest downstream of shorter dams in forested basins that did not have an auxiliary spillway. I used continuous DO loggers upstream, within the impoundment, and downstream of 12 dams to identify dam impacts to DO. Most sites experienced lower DO (66%) within the impoundment compared to upstream; however, 58% of the sites showed no difference in diel ranges between these reaches. The effect of dams on downstream DO was mixed, with increases, no change, and decreases relative to upstream condition; however, the majority of sites (58%) experienced a suppressed downstream diel range relative to upstream. The upstream slope, basin size, and dam height drove the impoundment response, such that dams with steeper upstream reach slopes, located in smaller basins, and with shorter dam heights experienced the greatest decreases in impoundment DO relative to upstream. Differences between downstream and upstream DO were best explained by upstream slope and impoundment volume, whereby sites with steeper upstream reaches and larger volumes of water within the impoundment experienced the largest decreases in downstream DO when compared to upstream reaches. These results may help managers prioritize dam removal at sites where a dam is having larger and more negative (e.g., elevated temperatures, decreased DO) impacts, and therefore where the greatest benefits should occur following restoration.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18569号 / 工博第3930号 / 新制||工||1604(附属図書館) / 31469 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 清野 純史, 教授 三村 衛, 准教授 古川 愛子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM