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Le Livre Vert et le Livre Blanc de la Commission Européenne sur les actions en dommages-intérêts en cas d'infraction au droit communautaire de la concurrence ont constaté « le sous-développement total » de l'action en réparation des infractions au droit de la concurrence et proposé certaines réformes afin de remédier aux obstacles identifiés. L'étude empirique remet toutefois partiellement en cause ce constat, car il convient de distinguer réparation des concurrents (contentieux horizontal) et réparation des consommateurs (contentieux collectif). Les actions en réparation du préjudice d'éviction engagées entre concurrents apparaissent raisonnablement efficaces. Elles donnent lieu assez fréquemment à des décisions favorables et le montant des dommages-intérêts alloués est parfois significatif. Ainsi, les réformes proposées en matière probatoire pour l'accès aux documents n'apporteraient aucun progrès sensible, pas plus que l'adoption d'un instrument non-contraignant sur la quantification du préjudice. En revanche, les actions en réparation du préjudice de surcoût engagées par les acheteurs directs ou indirects paraissent vouées à l'échec dans le cadre actuel de la responsabilité civile, en l'absence de mécanisme de recours collectif et de distribution efficaces. La réflexion engagée au niveau national et européen ne paraît guère pouvoir contourner l’obstacle de la distribution massive de dommages-intérêts diffus, et les options envisagées ne semblent guère convaincantes. Il est donc proposé alternativement au bénéfice des consommateurs, un mécanisme public de recours collectif, confié aux autorités de concurrence nationales et à la Commission européenne. Cette réforme peut être engagée à droit constant dans le cadre des pouvoirs existants de la Commission européenne et de l'Autorité de la concurrence. Il conviendrait à cet effet de réviser la politique d’amende afin de sanctionner le défaut d’indemnisation des consommateurs, et d’affecter une partie du produit des amendes à des mesures de réparation directes ou indirectes, pécuniaires ou en nature, des consommateurs affectés par l’infraction. / The Green Paper and the White Paper on damages actions for breach of EU competition law found private antitrust enforcement in a state of “total underdevelopment” and proposed reforms to adress the identified obstacles. Empirical study of french case law does not support entirely these findings, because it’s important to distinguish between actions brought against competitors, and actions brought by consumers. Exclusionary practices litigated between competitors show reasonable success compared to similar cases. The reforms proposed by the European Commission concerning access to documents and quantification of damages would not bring any significant improvement to french law. However, damages actions in compensation of overcharges brought by direct and indirect purchasers seem doomed to failure, in the absence of a collective action and distribution mechanism. Debate is storming at EU and national level, but the considered options appear unconvincing. It is proposed a public mechanism for collective redress. Within their existing powers, competition authorities should review the fine policy to achieve collective compensation as private penalty. Substantial amount of fines should be inflicted when infringers cannot show they have taken active steps to provide compensation to consumers. In that case, a partial amount of the total fine should be dedicated to compensate consumer, directly or indirectly, in pecuniary or non-pecuniary form. Competition authorities should have the power to order infringers to create trust funds for that purpose.

Damage to health: comparative study The final thesis deals with the issue of damage to health in the Czech, American and French legislation and case law. The work deals with individual claims arising from injuries and thesis describes the criteria and methods of compensation for these claims. The thesis is divided into three chapters, which are further divided into subsections and subchapters. The first half of the thesis describes the legislation of damage to health and personal injury in the Czech law. This part focuses on the conditions that must be met in order to create an obligation of compensation for personal injury. It also describes the damage to health and its partial claims which may be compensated and it describes the process of determining the amount of damages according to the Methodology of the Supreme Court. Final part of this chapter deals with damages to health caused by medical malpractice. The second half of the thesis is divided into two parts, the first part deals with the US legislation of compensation for damage to health and the second part concentrates on the French legislation which deals with this institute. In the chapter devoted to American law, the work describes the different types of personal injury compensation, which developed in the United States. The thesis...

This thesis entitled "Basics of liability for damage in civil law" examines general legislative, regulations and principles of damage liability. It focuses mainly on the comparison between the ways this issue is treated in the Act No. 40/1964 Coll., the old Civil Code, and the current one No. 89/2012 Coll. Where appropriate, comparison is also made to civil liability in the Dutch Civil Code. The concept of the thesis is based on the essential regulations of the above- mentioned Civil Codes. One of my aims was to identify and explain the basic issues of liability for damage including possibilities of both damage prevention and conditions of damages. The question of damage prevention can be considered the most important part of civil liability for damage, as only with the complete knowledge of legal regulations and judicial practice can it be interpreted and put into practice without any complications. The thesis consists of four main parts, each of which is further divided into more detailed subsections. The central parts concentrate on some of the questions the acceptance of the new Civil Code has brought and on the essential reforms that have consequently been carried out, where the institute of liability for damage is only little subsection. The first part "General explanation of civil liability and...

(English) Regulation of damages in the field of competition law in Czech and French law with regard to European regulation The purpose of this thesis is to analyze particular elements of actions for damages for infringements of the competition law, mainly those, which are contained in the Proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on certain rules governing actions for damages under national law for infringements of the competition law provisions of the Member States and of the European Union. Given that a directive is source of law sui generis that needs to be transposed into national legislations, it seems convenient to attempt to illustrate its effects on particular national legislations. The paper deals with actual states of legislation in the Czech republic and in France and attempts firstly to discover existing elements of the legislation and secondly on the other hand to indicate some missing or problematic parts. The thesis is, besides introduction and conclusion, composed of five main chapters. Chapter two observes the conception and evolution of the competition law in the European Union and particularly the origin of thoughts about private enforcement of the competition law. Chapter three focuses on the case law of Court of justice of the European Union that is...

This thesis is concentrated on the liability for damages caused by unlawful inactivity of the public administrative authority in the administrative process. The thesis is composed of five chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of this matter. Chapter One is introductory and discusses briefly the historical development of the liability for damages of public administration and describes the sources of law in the Czech law system. Chapter two generally deals with the liability for damages according to Law no. 82/1998, characterizes the forms of the liability of the public administrative authority for damages during the performance of public administration and figured out of subjects of the liability relationship. Chapter three tries to elucidate the tree basic preconditions of the liability for damages creation: the incorrect administrative proces, the material or immaterial damage formation and the casual nexus between them. Chapter four examines the unlawful inactivity as one of the form of the incorrect administrative process. The chapter is subdivided into three parts. Part One describes the protraction in the administrative process. Part Two explains the question of inactivity of the initiating administrative proces ex officio. Part three deals with the influence of the using of...

1 Abstract Thesis title: Civil Liability in Medical Law The main topic of this thesis is to analyze individual cases in czech medical law after the civil law codification. I would like to perform complete concept of civil liability in medical law, especially the liability for the damages. Different types of civil liability will be eleborate in detail, mainly though scientific literature and case law. The thesis consists of seven chapters. In the first chapter, I describe medical law in historical context relevant for the topic and also I introduce current legislation of medical law at all hierarchical levels included international agreements. In the second chapter, I desribe one of the most important concepts in medical liability law - concept called lege artis. The next chapter gives a brief introduction in the healthcare issues and is divided into several subchapters. In first three chapters there are also define the basic terms about health and disease. The fourth and fifth chapters are devoted to the actual liability for damages. The sixth chapter deals with civil protection of doctors and other medical employees. The last chapter is summary. It is evaluation of selected issues in health care. The aim is to introduce a new law conception and present particular types of obligation to compensate. The new...

1 This Master's degree thesis entitled "The main principles of liability for damage in civil law" is concerned with the general matters and principles of the legal regulation of liability for damage. The purpose of this study is to apprise the readers of the main principles of liability for damage, to explain the existing legal regulation of this institute and to point out to the extensive judicial practice in this legal area, which supplements the effective legal regulation in a considerable extent. The thesis focuses on the legal regulation of liability for damage contained in Act No. 40/1964 Coll., the Civil Code, and doesn't deal with the different legal regulation of liability for damage, which is included in the Commercial Code or in the Labour Code. In the present-day society causing harms is practically a day-to-day part of our lives. On the basis of this fact the institute of liability for damage is a frequently occurring, broad and interesting area of law. This is also the reason, why I chose this topic and why I want to clarify it to the readers. This thesis is composed of seven chapters, which focus on the most important issues concerned with liability for damage. The first chapter contains an explanation of the term of liability for damage and a general explanation of the legal regulation of...