Pendant mes trois ans de doctorat j'ai eu le plaisir de travailler sur trois projets très variés ayant un but commun: mieux contraindre certains modèles de nouvelle physique entre cosmolo- gie et le LHC. Le fait que les densités reliques de matière noire et de baryons sont similaires semble indiquer qu'il y a un lien entre les deux. Nous essayons d'expliquer les valeurs observées en reliant un modèle de leptogenèse au miracle des WIMPs, qui produit naturellement la bonne densité relique. Si l'asymétrie baryonique est produit dans des désintégrations hors équilibre à l'échelle électro-faible et si la matière noire est constituée de WIMPs, les deux densités reliques sont con- trôlées par des processus électro-faibles hors équilibre. Je construis un modèle de leptogenèse à l'échelle du TeV en utilisant une extension du type seesaw inverse du modèle standard avec des singlets additionnels. Pour produire suffisamment d'asymétrie baryonique il faut une violation CP ∼ O(1) qui est difficile à obtenir dans mon cadre. Les axions, tout comme les WIMPs sont de bons candidats de matière noire bien motivés. Il serait très utile de pouvoir les distinguer. Sikivie argumente que si des axions sont dans un condensat de Bose-Einstein, alors ils forment des halos galactiques différents des halos de WIMPs. D'après Sikivie ce sont les interactions gravitationnelles qui thermalisent les axions et qui les condensent. La formation d'un condensat nécessite la génération d'entropie qui ne peut pas être fourni par les interactions gravitationnelles au premier ordre. J'étudie la génération d'entropie par les interactions gravitationnelles en estimant une longueur de dissipation dans le fluide d'axions qui vient de la présence d'une pression anisotrope. Je ne peux pas confirmer la thermalisation rapide d'axions causé par leurs interactions gravitationnelles. Des nouveaux bosons de jauges comme le Z' apparaissent dans un grand nombre d'extensions du modèle standard. On les recherche le plus souvent comme une résonance dans le spectre de masse invariante de leurs produits de désintégration. Le Z' doit être produit sur couche de masse dans ces recherches résonantes. Mais la présence d'un Z' peut aussi influencer d'autres observ- ables cinématiques sans être produit directement, ce qu'on peut utiliser dans des recherches non-résonantes. Je compare ces deux types de recherches au LHC et trouve que pour des petits couplages les recherches résonantes sont plus adaptées mais pour de plus grandes masses et couplages les recherches non-résonantes sont plus performantes / During the three years as a PhD student I had the pleasure to work on three major projects which are united in the goal to better constrain new physics models between cosmology and the LHC. The similar values of dark matter and baryon relic abundances raise the question whether there is a link between them. We attempt to explain the observed values by relating leptogenesis to the WIMP miracle which gives naturally the right relic abundance. If the baryon asymmetry is produced in electroweak-scale-out-of-equilibrium decays and dark matter is made of WIMPs, both relic densities are controlled by electroweak scale interactions going out of equilibrium. We construct a TeV-scale leptogenesis model using an inverse-seesaw extension of the SM with additional singlets. To produce a large enough asymmetry we require CP violation ∼ O(1) which is difficult to achieve in our set-up. Axions as well as WIMPs are well motivated dark matter candidates. It would be very useful to be able to tell them apart. Sikivie argues that if axions are in a Bose-Einstein condensate they could form a different galactic dark matter halo than WIMPs and that gravitational interactions drive axions into a Bose-Einstein condensate. However for the formation of such a condensate entropy generation is needed which leading order gravitational interactions do not provide. We explore the entropy generation of gravitational interactions by estimating a dissipation scale in the axion fluid due to the presence of a anisotropic stress. We cannot confirm a fast gravitational thermalisation rate. New neutral gauge bosons like the Z' are generic extensions of the standard model which appear in many different models. Traditionally these particles are searched for in resonant searches at colliders, i.e. by producing the particles on-shell and looking for a resonance in the invariant mass spectrum of their decay products. However the presence of a Z' can also affect other kinematic observables without being actually produced on-shell, i.e. non-resonant searches. We compare compare resonant and non-resonant searches at the LHC and find that while for small couplings resonant searches are more sensitive, for larger couplings non-resonant searches are more efficient

Identifying what makes up the Dark Matter is a long-standing problem to which the abundance of gravitational and cosmological evidence fails to answer. Indirect detection techniques have the aim to unveil the nature of Dark Matter by catching and identifying the products of potential decays and/or annihilations. The work exposed in this thesis is in line with this strategy and has for common thread the quest for line(-like) features in the extraterrestrial fluxes of gamma-rays and neutrinos. The motivation behind this specific interest is that, due to the absence of astrophysical counterparts beyond the GeV scale, these features constitute the ultimate probes (also called “smoking guns”) of the existence of Dark Matter.The thesis is organized in three Parts, the first of which is an introduction to the different facets of the Dark Matter conundrum and why it is not a trivial issue. The works involving gamma-ray line considerations are gathered in Part II, and those exclusively focusing on neutrino lines in Part III.Part II focuses on the effective field theory of Dark Matter decay, first in the context of millicharged particles decaying to gamma-ray lines, and then in the context of (neutral and millicharged) Dark Matter decays involving the simultaneous emission of gamma-ray and neutrino lines. In both cases, the simultaneous emission of cosmic rays is unavoidable and the decays are constrained in a multi-messenger fashion. The complementarity of the results obtained is used to derive model-independent constraints on the Dark Matter lifetime, and shows the possibility to exclude or distinguishsome specific scenarios on the basis of an explicit experimental conjecture.After an introduction to the neutrino detection principles and to the operation of the IceCube detector, Part III focuses on two careful searches for spectral features in the neutrino spectrum. The main goal behind these analyses, conducted in two different regions of the energy spectrum but using the same likelihood ratio procedure, is to popularize dedicated energy distribution studies by showing their ability to reach sensitivity levels comparable to—sometimes even going beyond—those obtained with angular distribution studies or even in the context of gamma-ray line searches. / Option Physique du Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Cette thèse utilise le relevé de donné du Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System 1 Survey pour trouver de nouveaux satellites du Groupe Local: les galaxies naines et les amas globulaires. Le relevé est important pour résoudre les tensions entre les observations et les modèles. Premièrement, un algorithme de détection est développé, découvrant cinq nouveaux satellites. Bien que cinq découvertes soient faites, le nombre de découvertes est inférieur à ce qu’on s’attendrait, en présumant une distribution isotrope de galaxies naines. Ce résultat mène au deuxième objectif de la these: quantifier les limites de détections du relevé PS1. Les cartes d’efficacité de détection du ciel complet peuvent être utilisées pour quantifier la distribution (an)isotrope des galaxies satellites de la Voie Lactée. En outre, ces informations peuvent mener a redériver la fonction de luminosité des satellites. / This thesis uses the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System 1 Survey to find new Local Group satellites such as dwarf galaxies and globular clusters. This survey is instrumental in helping resolve tensions that have become apparent between observation and theories. In a first phase, a search algorithm is developed, discovering five new satellites. Though yielding five discoveries, this number is lower than one would expect, assuming isotropy of the dwarf galaxies. This leads to the second aim of this thesis, namely quantifying the detection limits of the PS1 Survey. The detection efficiency maps over the entire PS1 sky can be used as a stepping–stone towards the quantification of the (an)isotropy of the Milky Way satellites’ distribution. Using this information, the luminosity function of these satellites can be re–derived.

L’introduction d’une symétrie entre les bosons et les fermions, appelée supersymétrie, étend de manière naturelle le modèle standard de la physique des particules. Néanmoins, une telle symétrie n’a jamais été observée dans la nature : elle doit être nécessairement brisée. L’étude de la brisure de la supersymétrie induite par la gravitation est le coeur du travail effectué dans cette thèse. En 1983, Soni et Weldon ont classifié les formes analytiques des deux fonctions fondamentales - le potentiel de Kahler et le superpotentiel - de manière à conduire à une supersymétrie brisée à basse énergie. Depuis, les analyses phénoménologiques sont basées sur cette classification. Le principal résultat du présent manuscrit est de démontrer l'incomplétude de leur classification. Pour un potentiel de Kahler dit canonique, une classification complète est réalisée tandis qu'un début de classification est proposé pour le cas non-canonique. Dans les deux cas, de nouvelles solutions sont établies menant à de possibles nouvelles conséquences phénoménologiques à basse énergie. L'apport de candidats pour le problème de la matière noire fait partie des contributions majeures des modèles supersymétriques. En parallèle du travail de classification, le développement d'un nouveau calculateur, permettant d'estimer la densité relique de matière noire dans l'Univers, est également proposé. / Supersymmetry extends naturally the Standard Model through the introduction of a new symmetry between bosons and fermions. However, such symmetry has never been observed in nature : Supersymmetry must be broken. Gravity-mediated supersymmetry breaking is the main subject of this doctoral thesis. In 1983, Soni and Weldon classified the analytical forms of the two fundamental functions - the Kahler potential and the superpotential - leading to a consistent low energy broken Supersymmetry. Up to nowadays, this classification has been used for phenomenological model building. The main result of the current thesis demonstrates the incompleteness of their classification. A complete classification is presented for a given canonical Kahler potential while a first sight of the classification is proposed for the non-canonical case. From these assumptions, new solutions are obtained leading to new possibilities for model building at low energy.The proposition of new dark matter candidates is one of the several contributions coming from supersymmetric models. In addition of the new classification, the development of a new generator, allowing to estimate the relic density of dark matter particles, is also proposed.

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the most powerful and complex particle accelerator ever built. The ATLAS and the CMS are the two multipurpose particle detectors at the LHC, designed to cover a wide range of physics measurements. Three physics studies performed using data of proton-proton collisions collected with the ATLAS detector are presented. The identification of jets originating from b quarks, also known as b-tagging, is a crucial tool for many physics analyses at the LHC. This thesis presents a calibration of the b-tagging efficiency for high transverse momentum jets using a new calibration technique. This analysis is based on template fits and uses multi-jet events, which allows to perform the calibration for jets with transverse momenta up to 1200 GeV. This thesis also describes a completed and connected technical project on the development of the b-tagging ATLAS software. Dark Matter (DM) is a new phenomenon introduced to explain astrophysical observations. The nature of DM is one of the most important subjects of investigations in the modern physics, and many of these investigations are carried out at the LHC. A search for DM production in association with a pair of heavy flavour quarks has been recently performed in ATLAS at a centre-of-mass energy √s = 8 TeV under the Effective Field Theory approach. A re-interpretation of the results of this search under assumption of the simplified models is presented. A set of simplified models is considered with various DM masses, masses of the spin-0 exchange particle, that mediates the interaction between DM and the regular matter, and various values of couplings. Benchmark models are chosen to be used in the DM searches at √s = 13 TeV. The last part of the thesis presents a search for DM production in association with a pair of top quarks performed under assumption of the simplified models with spin-0 mediator, using the data collected at a centre-of-mass energy √s = 13 TeV. The observed data are shown to be in good agreement with the Standard Model predictions, and upper limits are set on a ratio between the observed DM production cross section and the value expected by the simplified model.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / We determine the stellar mass of star forming galaxies in the X-ray luminous cluster MS 0451.6-0305 at z ∼ 0.54. The stellar masses are estimated from fitting model spectral energy distributions (SEDs) to deep, optical UBRIz observations obtained from WIYN 3.5m telescope and public NIR K-band image from Palomar Observatory telescope. The model SEDs are based on the stellar population synthesis (SPS) model of Bruzual & Charlot (2003) and Conroy et al. (2009) that span a wide range of age, star formation history, Initial Mass Function (IMF), metallicity and dust content. We measure stellar masses for galaxies down to M∗∼2×10⁸M(.) We find a tight correlation between stellar masses derived from the two SPSs. We compare the derived stellar masses to the dynamical masses for a set of 25 star forming galaxies. The dynamical masses are derived from high resolution, spectroscopic observations of emission lines from the DEIMOS spectrograph on the Keck telescope. A strong correlation is seen between the dynamical and stellar mass for the galaxies; and the star forming galaxies show fairly constant ratio between stellar and dynamical mass. When comparing to the field sample of Guzm ́an et al. (2003) of luminous compact blue galaxies, we see an excess of low mass galaxies in the cluster. / South Africa

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The growth of structure in the Universe proceeds via the collapse of dark matter and baryons. This process is retarded by dark energy which drives an accelerated expansion of the late Universe. In this thesis we use cosmological perturbation theory to investigate structure formation for a particular class of dark energy models, i.e. interacting dark energy models. In these models there is a non-gravitational interaction between dark energy and dark matter, which alters the standard evolution (with non-interacting dark energy) of the Universe. We consider a simple form of the interaction where the energy exchange in the background is proportional to the dark energy density. We analyse the background dynamics to uncover the e ect of the interaction. Then we develop the perturbation equations that govern the evolution of density perturbations, peculiar velocities and the gravitational potential. We carefully account for the complex nature of the perturbed interaction, in particular for the momentum transfer in the dark sector. This leads to two di erent types of model, where the momentum exchange vanishes either in the dark matter rest-frame or the dark energy rest-frame. The evolution equations for the perturbations are solved numerically, to show how structure formation is altered by the interaction.

Deux problématiques sont abordées dans cette thèse: la formation de galaxies spirales et la détection de la matière noire (MN).Nous étudions trois simulations cosmologiques hydrodynamiques de haute résolution zoomées sur des halos de propriétés similaires à celui de la Voie Lactée que nous réalisons avec le code à grille adaptative RAMSES. Nous analysons les distributions d'étoiles et de gaz et constatons qu'une de nos galaxies simulées possèdent des propriétés intéressantes par rapport à la Voie Lactée. Nous obtenons un disque stellaire étendu et une courbe de rotation plate avec la vitesse de rotation et la densité locale de MN en accord avec les observations. En ce qui concerne la distribution de MN, nous analysons l'interaction avec les baryons et nous montrons explicitement comment le profil de densité de MN est aplatie par les processus de feedback.Dans le cadre de cette simulation, nous étudions les incertitudes astrophysiques sur la détection directe en analysant les quantités importantes comme la densité locale de MN, sa distribution de vitesse et la vitesse d'échappement locale. De plus, nous considérons plusieurs sélections de distribution de MN et d'étoiles et estimons ainsi la variabilité du taux de détection.Dans le cadre cohérent de la simulation, nous calculons les signaux d'annihilation et de désintégration de MN en rayons gamma ainsi que le fond diffus, que nous modélisons en utilisant les explosions de supernovae comme sources de rayons cosmiques qui produisent les rayons gamma par spallation sur la distribution de gaz. Les configurations de la matière noire et des baryons induisent une situation défavorable à la détection indirecte de la MN. / The thesis tackles two topics: the formation of spiral galaxies and the detection of dark matter (DM).We study three high resolution cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of Milky Way-sized halos including a comparison with the corresponding DM-only runs performed with the code RAMSES. We analyze the stellar and gas distribution and find one of our simulated galaxies with interesting Milky Way like features with regard to several observational tests. We obtain an extended disk and a flat rotation curve with a circular velocity and a DM density in the solar neighborhood that are in agreement with observations. Following observational procedures, we rederive the stellar-to-halo mass ratio and obtain competitive values for this criterion. Concerning the DM distribution, we explicitly show the interaction with the baryons and show how the DM is first contracted by star formation and then cored by feedback processes.In the framework of the simulation, we analyze the astrophysical uncertainties relevant for direct detection by studying the involved quantities like the local DM density, the DM velocity distribution and the local escape velocity . Furthermore, we consider various selections of DM and star distributions and estimate the variability of the detection rate.Within the self-consistent framework of the simulation, we calculate the DM annihilation and decay gamma ray (GR) signals as well as the diffuse GR background, that we model using the supernovae explosions as cosmic ray sources which produce GRs by spallation on the gas distribution. The cored DM profile and the high central baryonic densities induce a challenging configuration for indirect DM detection.

Orientador: Marcelo Moraes Guzzo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T10:36:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_CesarPeixoto_M.pdf: 5430137 bytes, checksum: 52b53b619a2021426f948ae3c70beb98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Neste trabalho analisa-se uma das extensões do Modelo Padrão das Partículas Elementares, conhecida como Extensão 3-3-1\', e suas aplicações a Cosmologia. Esta classe de modelos constitui uma das mais enxutas extensões do Modelo Padrão, e possui entre as suas qualidades respostas a problemas deixados em aberto dentro do Modelo Padrão. Entre estes, lista-se o problema do numero de gerações e o problema da assimetria das massas dos quarks, respondidos através de um critério de consistência interna do modelo, a saber, o cancelamento das anomalias quirais. O modelo especifico escolhido para estudo foi o Modelo 3-3-1 com neutrinos de m~ao direita (3-3-1RH), e todas as suas principais características são analisadas. Para aplicações a Cosmologia, o 3-3-1 foi analisado em suas aplicações ao problema da Matéria Escura. Neste caso, analisar-se-~ao candidatos a Matéria Escura em uma extensão do 3-3-1, chamada Modelo 3-3-1 Left-Right (3L3R). Estes candidatos s~ao neutrinos estereis de massa na escala keV, e a eles s~ao aplicados os limites cosmológicos impostos por Decaimento em Raio-X, Neff e Abundância de matéria escura. 3 casos foram analisados: (1) Desacoplamento dos neutrinos estereis anterior a aniquilação dos múons. (2) Desacoplamento anterior a aniquilação dos pons; (3) Desacoplamento anterior a Hadronização. A aplicação dos limites supracitados revelou que estes neutrinos n~ao sofrem de restrições de decaimentos em Raio-X. Para cada um dos 3 casos, o valor de Neff por neutrino estéril foi de 3.69, 3.53 e 3.09, respectivamente. Como experimentalmente, Neff = 3:280:28, conclui-se que em 2 dos casos, apenas 1 neutrino novo e admitido, e no caso restante os 3 neutrinos novos do 3L3R s~ao possíveis. Por m, o calculo de abundância revelou um excesso destes neutrinos, usando-se o método para calculo de abundância de neutrinos ativos. A abundância calculada e maior que a medida experimentalmente em todos os casos posseis para o modelo, mesmo considerando-se um caso limite. Dessa forma, conclui-se que algum mecanismo alternativo de diluição de densidade destes neutrinos e necessário / Abstract: In this dissertation, one of the extensions of the Standard Model of Elementary Particles(SM), known as the '3-3-1 Extension\', and its aplication to Cosmology are analysed. This class of models constitutes one of the most economical extensions of the Standard Model, and have among its qualities answers to open problems within the SM. Among them, we mention the generation problem and the quark mass assymetry problem. Both of these problems are answered trough the use of a internal consistency criterion of the model: The cancelation of chiral anomalies. The model chosen for study was the 3-3-1 Model with right handed neutrinos (3- 3-1RH), and all its main caracteristics are analysed. To aplications to Cosmology, the 3-3-1 was studied within the Dark Matter problem. In this case, we analyse dark matter candidates in one extension of the 3-3-1, known as the Left-Right 3- 3-1 Model (3L3R). These candidates are sterile neutrinos with keV masses, and to them cosmological limits are applied. These limits are the decays into X-Rays, Neff and Dark Matter Abundance. 3 cases were analysed: (1) Decoupling of the sterile neutrinos before muon annihilation; (2) Decoupling before pion annihilation; (3) Decoupling before Hadronization. The application of the limits mentioned above revealed that these neutrinos do not, at the moment, have any restrictions coming from decays into X-Rays, because this kind of decay is forbidden in the 3L3R. For each of the 3 cases, Neff had the value of 3.69, 3.53 e 3.09, respectively. When this is compared with the experimental value, Neff = 3:28 0:28, we conclude that in two cases, only one sterile neutrino is roughly allowed. In the remaining case, all 3 new neutrinos of the 3L3R are possible. The calculation of abundance revelead an excess of these neutrinos, using the method that is used to calculate abundance of active neutrinos. The calculated abundance is bigger than the experimentally determined in all possible cases, even when we consider a limit case. We conclude that some alternative mechanism for density dilution is necessary / Mestrado / Física / Mestre em Física

Le réseau de 5 télescopes Tcherenkov au sol H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) permet de détecter des rayons gamma à très hautes énergies (E>50GeV) pour sonder les phénomènes non thermiques les plus violents de l'univers. Ces rayons gamma peuvent provenir de l'annihilation de particules de matière noire. L'astronomie gamma permet donc de rechercher les signatures de l'annihilation de particules de matière noire dans les régions denses de l'univers. Cette thèse est composée de trois parties. Après un bref rappel sur l'instrument H.E.S.S., sont présentés en premier lieu les tests de performance effectués pour l'étalonnage de la nouvelle électronique utilisée pour la modernisation des caméras des quatre télescopes CT1 à 4. L'analyse des premières données de la caméra CT1 modernisée montre la réduction du temps mort de lecture du réseau qui permettra de bénéficier pleinement de la stéréoscopie entre les 5 télescopes du réseau. La deuxième partie de la thèse traite des 10 ans d'observations de la région du Centre Galactique avec H.E.S.S. ainsi que les récentes observations obtenues avec l'ajout en 2012 du télescope de 28 mètres de diamètre (CT5) au centre du réseau. L'analyse des données de CT5 en direction de la source centrale HESS J1745-290 permet d'avoir accès aux événements aux plus basses énergies accessibles avec H.E.S.S. (100 GeV). Le spectre de la source centrale est en très bon accord avec celui de HESS J1745-290 mesuré avec CT1-4 et les données en dessous de 150 GeV permettent de raccorder ce dernier à celui de la source Fermi 3FGHL J1745.6-2859c.Dans la troisième partie, les 10 ans de données dans la région du Centre Galactique avec la première phase de H.E.S.S sont analysés pour rechercher un signal d'annihilation de matière noire à l'aide d'une méthode de vraisemblance utilisant les caractéristiques spectrale et spatiale du signal de matière noire par rapport à celles du bruit de fond. En l'absence de signal matière noire, les contraintes sont calculées sur la section efficace d'annihilation et, pour la première fois, un réseau de télescope Tcherenkov au sol est capable de sonder la section efficace d'annihilation thermique dans le cas d'un profil de matière noire piqué. La sensibilité sur la section efficace d'annihilation de l'instrument H.E.S.S. utilisant CT5 est ensuite présentée vers le Centre Galactique et la galaxie naine récemment découverte Reticulum II. La dernière partie de cette thèse étudie le potentiel du futur réseau de télescopes Tcherenkov CTA, (Cherenkov Telescope Array) pour la détection d'un signal d'annihilation de matière noire. Vers la région du Centre Galactique le signal de matière noire attendu est significativement augmenté par la contribution de rayons gamma produits par effet Compton inverse d'électrons et positrons énergétiques sur les champs de radiation ambiants. La sensibilité obtenue permet à CTA de sonder la section efficace d'annihilation thermique dans tous les canaux d'annihilation dans le cas d’un profil de matière noire piqué. L’impact sur la sensibilité de CTA des erreurs systématiques et de l’émission diffuse mesurée par Fermi est aussi montré. Dans le cas des galaxies naines satellites de la Voie Lactée, les performances de CTA permettent de les considérer comme des objets spatialement étendus, et d'obtenir une sensibilité compétitive avec celle du Centre Galactique dans le cas d’un profil à cœur de plusieurs kpc. Dans le cas d'un signal de matière noire de type ligne, CTA sera capable de contraindre fortement des modèles spécifiques de matière noire au TeV grâce à l'effet Sommerfeld, comme le Wino et le MDM-5plet. / The ground-based Cherenkov telescope array H.E.S.S. (High Energy Stereoscopic System) is able to detect gamma rays at very high energies (E> 50GeV) to probe the most violent non-thermal phenomena in the universe. These gamma rays can also come from dark matter particle annihilation. Gamma-ray astronomy provides a promising avenue to search for signatures of these annihilations in overdense regions of the universe. This thesis is composed of three parts. After a brief reminder of the H.E.S.S. instrument, the performance tests to calibrate the new electronics used for the modernization of the four cameras CT1-4 telescopes are presented. The analysis of the upgraded camera raw data shows a reduction global array dead time allowing to maximize the benefit of the stereoscopy between the 5 telescopes. The second part of the thesis deals with 10 years of observations of the Galactic Center region with H.E.S.S. and recent observations taken with the 28-meter-diameter telescope (CT5) located at the center of the array. The data analysis towards the central source HESS J1745-290 provides access to events at lower energies (100 GeV). The spectrum of the central source is in very good agreement with the one of HESS J1745-290 measured with CT1-4 and data below 150 GeV enable to connect it to the Fermi 3FGHL J1745.6-2859c source spectrum. In the third part, the 10 years of data in the region of the Galactic Centre with the first phase of H.E.S.S. are scanned for a dark matter annihilation signal using a likelihood method using the spectral and spatial characteristics of the dark matter signal compared to background. No dark matter signal is detected. The constraints are calculated on the annihilation cross section and, for the first time, a ground-based Cherenkov telescope array is capable to probe the thermal cross section in the case of a cuspy dark matter profile. The sensitivity of the annihilation cross section of the H.E.S.S. instrument using CT5 is then presented toward the Galactic Center and the recently discovered dwarf galaxy Reticulum II. The last part of the thesis studies the potential of the future ground-based instrument CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array) for the detection of dark matter annihilation signal. Towards the Galactic Center region, the expected dark matter signal is significantly increased by the contribution of gamma rays produced by inverse Compton process of energetic electrons and positrons on ambient radiation fields. The sensitivity obtained enables CTA to probe the thermal cross section in all annihilation channels for a cuspy dark matter profile. The impact on CTA sensitivity of systematic errors and diffuse emission measured by Fermi is also shown. In the case of dwarf galaxy satellites of the Milky Way, the CTA performances enable to consider them as extended objects and provide a competitive sensitivity with the Galactic Centre sensitivity for a kpc-core profile. In the case of a line signal, CTA will be able to strongly constrain specific TeV dark matter models through the Sommerfeld effect, as Wino and MDM-5plet.