<p>Empati är känslan som väcks när människan lever sig in i någon annans situation. Forskning har visat att händelserna dödsfall av partner och skilsmässa är de mest stressfulla situationerna i livet. I två experiment undersöktes om dessa situationer även väckte mycket empati. Det första experimentet innefattade en berättelse där målpersonens kön och händelse varierade. Resultatet visade att kvinnor känner Amer empati för den som drabbas av dödsfall av partner än av skilsmässa, medan män känner lika mycket empati för de drabbade i de två händelserna; detta kan bero på att männens sociala nätverk är mindre än kvinnornas och därför tar en brytning väldigt hårt. Det andra experimentet gjordes på enbart kvinnor och undersökte vilket av dödsfall av partner och dödsfall av barn som väckte mest empati. Resultatet visade ingen skillnad mellan händelserna. Detta kan ha sin förklaring i att dödsfall av partner är den mest stressfyllda situationen i livet.</p>

Empati är känslan som väcks när människan lever sig in i någon annans situation. Forskning har visat att händelserna dödsfall av partner och skilsmässa är de mest stressfulla situationerna i livet. I två experiment undersöktes om dessa situationer även väckte mycket empati. Det första experimentet innefattade en berättelse där målpersonens kön och händelse varierade. Resultatet visade att kvinnor känner Amer empati för den som drabbas av dödsfall av partner än av skilsmässa, medan män känner lika mycket empati för de drabbade i de två händelserna; detta kan bero på att männens sociala nätverk är mindre än kvinnornas och därför tar en brytning väldigt hårt. Det andra experimentet gjordes på enbart kvinnor och undersökte vilket av dödsfall av partner och dödsfall av barn som väckte mest empati. Resultatet visade ingen skillnad mellan händelserna. Detta kan ha sin förklaring i att dödsfall av partner är den mest stressfyllda situationen i livet.

abstract: A child’s death evokes intense and long-lasting grief in parents. However, few interventions exist to address the needs of this population. This mixed methods project used secondary data to evaluate the impact of a four-day, grief-focused mindfulness-based retreat on bereaved parents. A quasi-experimental design with two nonequivalent groups (intervention group n = 25, comparison group n = 41) and three observations (pretest and two posttests) was used. Mixed-model repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to assess change over time for the intervention group and relative to a no-intervention comparison group. Outcome measures were depressive and anxious responses, measured by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25); trauma responses, measured by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R); mindfulness, measured by the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ); and self-compassion, measured by the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF). The intervention group was expected to show significant decreases in psychological distress and significant increases in mindfulness and self-compassion over time and relative to the comparison group. The qualitative component consisted of semi-structured interviews with nineteen retreat participants using a constructivist phenomenological approach in order to obtain a richer understanding of the retreat’s impact on participants’ lives. There were significant time by condition interactions with small to medium effect sizes for the IES-R and its subscales, the HSCL-25 and its depression subscale, and three FFMQ scales (describe, act with awareness, and nonjudge), all favoring the intervention group. However, not all benefits were maintained at follow-up. Psychoeducation and relationships emerged as key qualitative themes. Psychoeducation included benefits related to present-moment awareness, fully inhabiting grief, self-compassion, emotional equanimity, and reduced distress or judgment of distress. Relationships included benefits related to giving and receiving social support, emotional expression and sharing, validation and normalization of grief-related experiences, resonance and self-other awareness, self-appraisal, changes in relationships, and connection to a deceased child. Mindfulness seemed to be a key component in reducing trauma responses. Relationship factors, combined with psychoeducation and present-moment awareness, seemed responsible for increasing participants’ capacity for nonjudgmental acceptance of experiences. The retreat may be an effective intervention for helping parents cope with and express their grief and warrants further study. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Social Work 2019

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by MARCIA ROVADOSCHI (marciar@unifra.br) on 2018-08-22T12:43:51Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_LarissaSpiesSubutzki.pdf: 1833489 bytes, checksum: 94804ae8e0e46ca3f593185fa023dbc3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T12:43:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_LarissaSpiesSubutzki.pdf: 1833489 bytes, checksum: 94804ae8e0e46ca3f593185fa023dbc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-12 / The present paper is based on the thought that there can be no simplified way of understanding and analyzing the facts surrounding human existence and, therefore, a linear approach to exercising multiprofessional care in the process of death and dying. Thus, investing in studies on the phenomenon of death and dying from the perspective of complexity thinking will contribute to the establishment of a "new professional order", motivated by an extended and systemic understanding of care throughout the existential cycle. The purpose of this study was to validate the theoretical-practical construct on the multiprofessional care of neonates in the process of death and dying in neonatal intensive care units, following a complexity thinking. And, as specific objectives: To analyze the scientific productions on multiprofessional care in the process of death and dying in neonatal intensive care units; To know the perception of the multiprofessional team of neonatal intensive care units on the process of death and dying of neonates, and To describe the stages of construction on the process of death and dying in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units . In order to meet the first objective, an integrative research was carried out in PubMed, Lilacs and Bdenf Databases, which resulted in the inclusion of 13 productions, which were decoded into three categories of analysis: the perception of the multiprofessional team about the process of death and dying, strategies of care in the face of neonatal death and family reaction to the process of death and dying. To meet the second objective, a qualitative exploratory-descriptive study was carried out through a focus group technique with 35 professionals from the multiprofessional team who work in a neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit from May to July. A third specific objective was reached through a methodological research, which sought to describe the construction and validation stages of a construct on the process of death and dying in neonatal intensive care units, following a complexity thinking. In response to the latter objective, on the analysis of renowned specialists, a return of twelve instruments were evaluated in the first round and eleven instruments in the second Delphi round. In the first round, suggestions were made for changes in relation to the conceptual and formative dimensions of the construct. The construct was considered valid, both in content and appearance and will contribute to the expanded and multiprofessional understanding of the process of death and dying of neonates and children locally and nationally. It is concluded, therefore, that the process of death and dying of neonates and children constitutes a singular and complex process, both for the multiprofessional team and for the family members. In this direction, the validation of a theoretical-practical construct on the process of death and dying, in the perspective of complex thinking, constitutes a proactive strategy for the (re) thinking of human existence itself, in addition to enabling theoretical-practical reflections among professionals of the multiprofessional team that contributes to the confrontation of the adversities and the uncertainties inherent to existential and caring dynamics. Complex thinking corroborates, in this direction, with the bet that it is not possible to escape the uncertainties and adversities of life, but that it is necessary to assume death and dying as a phenomenon that is part of the existential dynamics. / O presente estudo sustenta-se no pensamento de que não pode haver uma forma simplificada de compreender e analisar os fatos que envolvem a existência humana e, tão pouco, uma abordagem linear no exercício do cuidado multiprofissional no processo de morte e morrer. Assim, investir em estudos sobre o fenômeno de morte e morrer na perspectiva do pensamento da complexidade contribuirá para o estabelecimento de uma nova ordem profissional, motivada pela compreensão ampliada e sistêmica do cuidado em todo o ciclo existencial. Com base nesta aposta, o presente estudo teve como objetivo geral: Validar construto teórico-prático sobre o cuidado multiprofissional de neonatos no processo de morte e morrer em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, à luz do pensamento da complexidade. E, como objetivos específicos: Analisar as produções científicas sobre o cuidado multiprofissional no processo de morte e morrer em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal; Conhecer a percepção da equipe multiprofissional da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal sobre o processo de morte e morrer de neonatos e, Descrever as etapas de construção e validação de um construto sobre o processo de morte e morrer em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Para atender o primeiro objetivo foi realizada uma pesquisa integrativa nas Bases de Dados PubMed, Lilacs e Bdenf, a qual resultou na inclusão de 13 produções, as quais foram decodificadas em quatro categorias de análise: percepção da equipe multiprofissional sobre o processo de morte e morrer, estratégias de cuidados diante da morte neonatal e reação da família face ao processo de morte e morrer. Para atender o segundo objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratório-descritiva, por meio da técnica de grupo focal, com 35 profissionais da equipe multiprofissional que atuam em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, no período de maio a julho de 2016. O terceiro objetivo específico foi alcançado a partir de uma pesquisa metodológica, que buscou descrever as etapas de construção e de validação de um construto sobre o processo de morte e morrer em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, à luz do pensamento da complexidade. Em resposta a este último objetivo obteve-se, na análise dos especialistas em âmbito nacional, um retorno de doze instrumentos avaliados na primeira rodada e, onze instrumentos, na segunda rodada Delphi. Na primeira rodada foram realizadas sugestões de mudanças em relação as dimensões conceitual e formativa do construto. O construto foi considerado válido tanto em conteúdo quanto em aparência e, certamente, contribuirá para a compreensão ampliada e multiprofissional do processo de morte e morrer de neonatos em âmbito local e em território nacional. Conclui-se, portanto, que o processo de morte e morrer de neonatos se constitui em processo singular e complexo, tanto para a equipe multiprofissional, quanto para os familiares. Nessa direção, a validação de um construto teórico-prático sobre o processo de morte e morrer, na perspectiva do pensamento complexo, se constitui em estratégia proativa para o (re)pensar da própria existência humana, além de possibilitar reflexões teórico-práticas entre os profissionais da equipe multiprofissional que contribuam para o enfrentamento das adversidades e das incertezas inerentes à dinâmica existencial e cuidativa. O pensamento complexo corrobora, nessa direção, com a aposta de que não é possível fugir das incertezas e das adversidades da vida, mas de que é preciso assumir a morte e o morrer como fenômeno integrante da dinâmica existencial.