Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ariadne Castilho de Freitas.pdf: 21061587 bytes, checksum: 4b9b569f4a8829b75ec40066b9876eb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-17 / Universidade de Taubaté / This work is part of the research field Language and Work, and was based on six civil judicial sentences generated by first degree law judges in the state of São Paulo, between 2002 and 2006. This thesis intended to contribute as a way of enhancing the linguistics-enunciativediscursive knowledge of the judicial sentence, one of the tools of the magistrate. Moreover, it aimed to a) investigate the prescriptions for the sentence genre and whether or not the magistrate approaches or keeps away from them, resulting in stable or unstable structures; b) identify the linguistic-argumentative strategies used by the judge as a means of building his discourse; c) perceive how the judge inserts himself as a speaker and how the other is established, as well as it investigated who he(they) is(are); d) to analyze the voices/discourses in the sentences and how they can aid to build meaning. The hypothesis was that the sentences have coercions guaranteeing their stability. However, they presented non expected variations, for example, the outstanding presence of the other. In relation to the conflict between regularities and irregularities, it could be stated that the judge is the author of a discourse marked by intersubjectiveness, which contains different voices so as to convince the interlocutors that the decisions of the judge are valid. The methodology was based on the dialogic discourse analysis/theory, and some of its main concepts showed are the enunciation, dialogism, author-authorship, the discourse of the other, the language s plurality and the discourse genre from Bakhtin and his Circle. The works of Benveniste concerning enunciation and intersubjetiveness were relevant for this research. Some concepts about the Judiciary were researched in Law, and the conceptions of rhetoric and argumentation, based on Aristotle, Perelman and Ferraz Junior were searched in Philosophy. The results of the analysis demonstrated that the judicial sentence has coercions regulated by law. Nevertheless, it has some instabilities and revealed a lack of articulation between the prescribed and the accomplished work. It was identified that the judge adopts linguistic argumentative strategies, like verbs in the first person, as well as authority arguments to legitimate his magistrate position. In spite of the outstanding presence of the others and their voices in the magistrate sentences, it is considered that the judge is the author-creator of the sentence, because different social values could be appointed in such sentences. It is presented a discursive concept for the sentence: sentence is dialog, answer, and the legal doctrinaire judicial point of view is abandoned. This work contributes to the scientific sphere, as there are almost no works in this field concerning the judicial sentence in bakhtinian perspective / Este trabalho, inserido na linha de pesquisa Linguagem e Trabalho, tem como material de investigação seis sentenças judiciais cíveis produzidas por juízes de direito de 1ª Instância do estado de São Paulo, no período de 2002 a 2006 O objetivo principal é contribuir para o conhecimento lingüístico-enunciativo-discursivo da sentença judicial, vista como uma das atividades de trabalho do magistrado. Os específicos visam: a) investigar os prescritos para o gênero sentença e se o juiz, ao prolatá-la, se aproxima e/ou se distancia deles, possibilitando a ocorrência de formas estáveis e/ou instáveis; b) identificar as estratégias lingüísticoargumentativas utilizadas pelo juiz para construir seu discurso; c) apreender as formas de inscrição do juiz como enunciador e as de instauração do(s) outro(s), além de investigar quem é/são esse(s) outro(s); d) examinar as vozes/discursos que circulam nas sentenças e de que forma auxiliam na construção de sentidos. Tem-se como hipótese que se as sentenças possuem coerções, isso garante sua estabilidade; no entanto, apresentam variações não previstas, dentre as quais a presença do outro emerge de forma acentuada. Na tensão entre as regularidades/irregularidades, o juiz é autor de um discurso com marcas de intersubjetividade, no qual circulam diferentes vozes para convencer os interlocutores acerca da validade da sua decisão. O aporte teórico/metodológico é a análise/teoria dialógica do discurso, da qual foram mobilizados, dentre outros, os conceitos de enunciado, dialogismo, autor-autoria, discurso de outrem, plurilingüismo e gênero do discurso de M. Bakhtin e seu Círculo. Os estudos de E. Benveniste acerca de enunciação e intersubjetividade foram relevantes. Buscou-se, no Direito, elementos sobre o Poder Judiciário e, na Filosofia, as concepções de retórica e argumentação, com base em Aristóteles, Perelman e Ferraz Júnior. Os resultados da análise apontam que a sentença judicial tem coerções genéricas regulamentadas por lei, mas apresenta algumas instabilidades, o que revela desarticulação entre o trabalho prescrito e o realizado. Identificouse que o juiz faz uso de estratégias lingüístico-argumentativas, como verbos em 1ª pessoa e argumento de autoridade para legitimar seu posicionamento. Apesar da presença marcante dos outros e de suas vozes no enunciado do magistrado, considera-se que o juiz é o autor-criador da sentença, pois faz circular nela diferentes valores sociais. A sentença deixa de ser vista sob o ponto de vista legal e doutrinário jurídico e apresenta-se um conceito discursivo para ela: sentença é diálogo, é resposta. A contribuição deste trabalho para a esfera científica deve-se ao fato de serem poucas as pesquisas a respeito da sentença judicial na perspectiva bakhtiniana

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:48:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 154736.pdf.jpg: 11167 bytes, checksum: c54429c7a19993eb1a0d8c317d47e577 (MD5) 154736.pdf: 793144 bytes, checksum: 6ff2b730403c9bd9d9e6890986bc3ac4 (MD5) 154736.pdf.txt: 256846 bytes, checksum: 718e16e7c731050f8c866fb834e0a273 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-03T00:00:00Z / This work approaches some of the behaviors revealed by the industrial employees from the region of the medium Vale do Paraíba, State of São Paulo, which can be characterized as behavior deviation inside the organization, because they are in disagreement with the internal codes – implicit or explicit ones – and that result in losses for the organization. The research aims at identifying its decisive and significant factors. This is an exploratory study which uses the questionnaire technique, applied to a sample of 1.450 employees, and the interview as well. The statistic pattern utilized to determine the behavior deviation incidence, submitted to the evaluation, has been considered useful for the deviation foresight. Among the results are the identification of the behavior deviation incidence, with 63% of occurrence related to the amount of the 936 participators that returned valid questionnaires; the identification of the decisive factors – the organizational and ethical environment, the subjective and the economic factors –; and the proposal of a cycle that represents the dynamics that guides the behavior deviation and its determiners that encloses the following steps: the decisive factor, the occurrence of the behavior deviation, the losses for organization-employee, the feedback of the process. The participators profile is related to the behavior deviation issue, according to their instruction level and their work area. The results obtained with the interviews have pointed that employees of the enterprises considered in this research are involved in extra activities, usually to complement their wages. There is a disconnection between employee and employer, what can suggest communication failures and inadequacy of behaviors codes and rules; there is a culture of the behavior deviation. The research has pointed that: (1) it is possible to use that cycle to identify and predict the behavior deviation, since this behavior is considered conflicting with the enterprise interests; (2) the organizational culture may be incorporated in order to develop the ethical behaviors of the employees and consequent competitive advantages for the organization; (3) it is necessary to create a planning process that regards all the involved social actors, having as basis the ethical principles applied to the behaviors codes formation, in order to encourage the development of the character values. / A ética, nos dias de hoje, ocupa um lugar primordial no campo organizacional, como também em toda a sociedade. A primeira metade do século XX se caracterizou, de certa forma, por um período em que predominou a abordagem mecanicista. A máquina, como foco de atenções, parecia se sobrepor ao ser humano. Na segunda metade do século XX o empregado passou a ser valorizado enquanto pessoa. Isso fortaleceu a abordagem psico-sociológica. Uma das questões que se coloca é: como as organizações podem transcender a mera produção de bens e serviços e a geração de valor econômico, e como harmonizar os interesses das empresas, da sociedade e das pessoas? A resposta a esses questionamentos passa por se considerar, de maneira incisiva, o homem no ambiente profissional, sua postura ética, e os fatores que dominam a sua relação com a empresa que o emprega. Esta tese tem como objetivos proporcionar uma visão da problemática do desvio de conduta na organização, mostrar quais são os seus fatores determinantes, e de que maneira tais fatores operam na incidência do desvio de conduta. O espaço de análise considerado foram empresas industriais localizadas na região do Médio Vale do Paraíba, no Estado de São Paulo. Utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica como fonte de embasamento teórico-conceitual e um estudo exploratório, com abordagens qualitativa e quantitativa. A análise qualitativa indicou, como resultado, os fatores determinantes do desvio de conduta. A análise quantitativa forneceu um modelo estatístico que descreve a relação entre os fatores determinantes e a incidência do desvio. O modelo obtido, submetido a validação, foi considerado útil para previsão do desvio de conduta. Concluiu-se que é necessário um processo de planejamento que envolva todos os atores sociais, com base em princípios éticos aplicados à formação de códigos de conduta, voltados a incentivar o desenvolvimento dos valores de caráter.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / No Estado do Mato Grosso, o Conselho Estadual de Saúde CES/MT considerou que, para atuar de acordo com o que lhe é preconizado pelas Leis 8080/90 e 8142/90, é necessário que seus conselheiros sejam qualificados e continuamente tenham seus conhecimentos aperfeiçoados. Neste contexto, o Conselho, no ano de 2004, entendeu ser importante estabelecer uma Política de Educação Permanente em Saúde - PEP capaz de propiciar o aprimoramento dos conselheiros e agentes sociais na gestão e construção do Sistema Único de Saúde. Assim, o CES/MT constituiu um Grupo de Trabalho Interinstitucional GTI com o objetivo de formular e coordenar a construção PEP. A política e o plano de ações que a colocaria em prática foram construídas em oficinas regionais e aprovadas em reunião ordinária do CES, porém, as atividades decorrentes dessas propostas não foram implementadas. E analisar o processo decisório da Política de Educação Permanente em Saúde para Conselheiros e Agentes Sociais no Estado de Mato Grosso (2004/2006) é o objetivo geral do estudo desta dissertação. O estudo do processo decisório em políticas publica poderá contribuir para evidenciar e compreender os problemas que levaram a não implementação de uma política e isto é fundamental para a gestão pública, sobretudo quando envolve as relações do poder executivo com o CES/MT. Justifica-se ainda a necessidade de construir, no campo especifico estudos que permitam suprir lacunas na área do conhecimento que possam contribuir com as correções de rota e de gestão, apoiando a resolução de problemas da gestão pública, além de disseminar experiências asseguradas cientificamente colaborando na implantação de um SUS resolutivo, dequalidade e com participação e controle social. Foram utilizadas fontes secundárias, como documentos que registraram as ações colocadas em prática e as relações travadas neste processo; atas das reuniões do CES/MT, e a política de Educação Permanente em Saúde para Conselheiros e Agentes Sociais. As atas foram organizadas e sistematizadas cronologicamente, no tocante ao assunto da construção da PEP com a intenção de reproduzir, com o máximo possível de clareza, o que ocorreu no processo decisório. Desta maneira, o corpus foi metodologicamente trabalhado em dois eixos: cronologia e relações (embates e alianças) travadas pelos atores políticos participantes do processo decisório da PEP, procedimentos típicos da análise documental utilizada em estudos qualitativos. Para melhorar o rendimento de tais procedimentos e reforçar as estratégias metodológicas que lidam com a assimetria de interesses, foram incorporados à dissertação determinados pressupostos da técnica de análise de discurso, em especial o que se refere à ênfase na compreensão do papel social desempenhado pelo ator político como determinante para a fala que este produz. Produziu-se então, um conjunto de informações e explicações cujo intuito primordial foi de contribuir para que, na nova tentativa de implementação da Política de Educação Permanente em Saúde para Conselheiros e Agentes Sociais, os problemas já ocorridos fossem superados e não fossem, novamente, óbices. / In the Mato Grosso State, the State Council of Health – CES/MT considered that, to actuate in accordance with what is professed to him by the Laws 8080/90 and 8142/90, it is necessary that theirs counselors be qualified and continually have their knowledge improved. In this context, the Council, in the year 2004, understands that it is important to establish Permanent Education Politics in Health - PEP capable of propitiating the counselors and social agents´ refinement in the management and construction of the Sistema Único de Saúde (Unique System of Health). Thus, the CES/MT constituted a Group of Inter institutional Work - GTI with the objective of formulating and coordinating the PEP construction. The politics and the actions plan that would put it in practice were constructed in regional workshops and approved in ordinary reunion of the CES, but, the activities derived from these proposals were not implemented. And analyze the decisive process of the Permanent Education Politics in Health for Counselors and Social Agents (2004/2006) in the Mato Grosso State is the general objective of this dissertation´ s study. The study of the decisive process in public politics can contribute to evidence and understand the problems that led to the not implantation of a politic and this is fundamental for the public management, especially when it involves the executive power´s relations with the CES/MT. It still justifies the need of constructing, in the specific field studies that make it possible to supply blanks in the knowledge area that could contribute with the route and of management corrections, supporting the resolution of the public management problems, beyond disseminate experiences secured scientifically collaborating in the implantation of a decisive SUS, of quality and with social participation and control. Secondary sources, like documents that registered the actions put into practice and the relations engaged in this process were utilized; registers of the CES/MT´ s meetings and the Permanent Education politics for Counselor and Social Agents. The minutes were chronologically organized and systematized, concerning the subject of the PEP construction with the aim at reproducing, with the greatest of clarity, what occurred in the decisive process. In this manner, the corpus was methodologically worked in two main points: chronology and relations (clashes and alliances) engaged by the political actors participants of the PEP decisive process, typical procedures of the documental analysis utilized in qualitative studies. To enhance the income of such procedures and reinforce the methodological strategies that deal with the interests’ asymmetry, some purposes of the discourse analysis technique were incorporated to the dissertation, specially the one that is referred to the emphasis in the social paper´ s comprehension performed by the political actor as determinant for the speech that it produces. Thus, it produced an information and explications body whose primordial purpose was to contribute so that, in the new attempt of establishment of the Permanent Education Politics in Health for Counselors and Social Agents, the problems just occurred could be overcome and could not be, obstacles again.

Most of the work on photography is about image and trying to understand photography as an image. Contrary to this approach, this paper deals with the experience of the photographer at the time of taking the picture, and also the influence of photography, understood as a medium, on our perception. The main topic is the photography of movement, where we can best demonstrate how photography changes both our perception and our understanding of (objective) reality. The beginning of the work is devoted to one of the greatest Czech photographers, Josef Sudek, who describes the method of his work. Sudek's definition of the moment involved in taking the picture is "when everything fits together"; the impossibility of returning to the same moment is a central feature of photography as presented in this work. Consequently, the basis for the thesis is that (1) photography and camera change the way we perceive, and that (2) photography is an actualization of the possibility of how we see what we see. The actualization of the possibility is discussed mainly in the context of Barbara Probst, whose work "Exposures" fundamentally enters the history of photography, and who - once again - does not put emphasis on the image but rather on the photographer as the creator of the image.

L’article 6 de la CESDH stipule les principes du procès équitable. Apparemment négligée de ce texte, qui ne la mentionne pas expressément, la matière de la preuve pénale, et des droits qui s’y relient, constitue une composante importante du contentieux issus de l’article 6 Conv. Edh et un domaine dans lequel l’œuvre interprétative de la Cour Edh se fait l’un des laboratoires les plus intéressants pour la comparaison juridique. La « règle de la preuve unique ou déterminante » fixe un standard de garantie minimale, selon lequel la condamnation ne peut pas se fonder, exclusivement ou principalement, sur des éléments de probatoires dont l’administration n’a pas respecté, au niveau interne, les droits que la Convention reconnaît à l’accusé. Élaboré dans un contexte fort innovant, ce critère à la nature juridique hybride, croise, et au même temps sollicite, les tendances évolutives plus récemment à l’œuvre dans le droit probatoire européen. / Article 6 of the ECHR provides the principles of fair trial. Apparently overlooked by this text, which does not explicitly mention it, the field of criminal evidence, and rights in connection therewith, is an important component of litigation from Article 6, and an area in which the European Court of Human Rights interpretative work is one of the most interesting laboratories for legal comparison. The “rule of sole or decisive evidence” establishes a minimum standard of guarantee, by which the conviction cannot be based solely or primarily on evidentiary items whose admission has not respected the conventional rights of the accused. Made in a highly innovative environment, featuring an hybrid legal nature, the “sole or decisive rule” crosses, and at the same time seeks, the more recent evolutionary trends at work in European law of criminal evidence.

The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of consolidated financial statements, namely the change of the consolidation method, the consolidation group Energie - stavební a báňská. The theoretical part defines the basic concepts and ways of calculations related to the topic. In the analytical part, the thesis deals first with the analysis of the current economic situation of the group, as well as with the calculation of the full consolidation method. This area will proceed freely to the design part, which includes a concrete proposal for streamlining the economic results of the consolidation group. Finally, the effects of the proposed change in the consolidation method will be fully evaluated using financial analysis.

This thesis deals with the consolidation of the financial statements in a situation where the unite does not fulfil the conditions for its processing yet, but in the near future it is likely to be confirmed. The thesis includes description of progressive time schedule of work while preparing the consolidated financial statements for the specific analyzed consolidation group headed by parent company ENVINET a.s..

This master's thesis deals with the full method of consolidation according to czech accounting legislation and IFRS. The theoretical part is devoted to the importance and legislation of the consolidated financial statements, basic concepts like the degree of influence, a consolidation group or parent´s company and it is devoted to the methods of consolidation especially to the full method. The practical part is focused on the aplication of full method of consolidation in company TESLA Holding a.s. and its subsidiaries at 2007 - 2012.

The core topic of this master thesis is creation of Consolidated Financial Statement of particular company. I tis divided into two main parts; Firstly, it deals with theoretical grounds for the second part, which aims on creation of Consolidated Financial Statement itself. Lastly, there is an evaluation of the whole economical situation and this is compared to Parent Company.

The master's thesis deals with problems related to the consolidation of financial statements of the group ZAPA beton. The thesis contains basic theoretical ways out relating to the consolidated financial statements. There are mentioned important terms, there are described consolidation methods and methods for their calculation. These theoretical informations were used for work out a practical part, which includes proposing proportional method of consolidation instead of the full a consolidation method for subsidiary ZAPA UNISTAV, s. r. o. Finally in the financial analysis, there are evaluated the effects of changes in methods on the financial statements of the consolidation group.