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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Cons?rcios de esp?cies de cobertura de solo para aduba??o verde antecedendo ao cultivo de milho e repolho sob manejo org?nico / Intercrops of soil covering plants species for green manurig prior corn and cabbage under organic management

Santos, Carlos Antonio Barreto dos 03 March 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Carlos Antonio Barreto dos Santos.pdf: 6633158 bytes, checksum: 82ad5fa6564f31d7aa7587f533bf91ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Four plant species, intercropped or not, were evaluates in the State of Rio de Janeiro for Green manuring and soil covering prior to corn or cabbage crops. Such crops were submitted to a no-tillage and organic farming system. The study relating to corn was carried out in Baixada Fluminense (Serop?dica) at 33 m above sea level, whereas the cabbage experiment was the located in the South-Central Region (Paty do Alferes) at 680m. In bony experiments a randomized block design was employed with 12 treatments and four replicates. The species lazed for soil covering were: Crotalaria juncea (C), sorghum Sorghum bicolor (S), sunflower Heliantus annus (G) and castor bean Ricinus communis (M). Treatments involving such soil covering species corresponded to their monocrops ad the following intercrops: C+G, C+S, C+M, C+G+S, C+S+M and C+G+S+M. The control treatment consisted of fallow plots whove spontaneous vegetations was cut down on the day subsequent corn and cabbage were planted. In Baixada Fluminense, the previous intercrops favored epigeous edafic fauna diversity compared to fallow, either during vegetative cycle or after cutting except for castor bean monocrop, all treatments led to reduced need reinfestation in comparison to fallow plots. Corn yield (immature ears) was higher after monocrops of the soil covering species and also after fallow. Crotalaria showed in outstanding potential as green manure considering that organic suplementar corn fertilizing were proceeded only in plots previously cultivated to such legume species. The greatest cumulative e amount of above-ground biomass resulted from crotalaria monocrop probably contributing to a superior corn yield. In the South-Central field experiment the highest values for biomass productin were again obtained from crotalaria monocrop, its intercrops with each of the other soil covering species (C+G, C+S and C+M), and the triple intercrop with sorghum plus castor bean (C+S+M). Decomposition rates for the cut down plant residues in situ differed between intercrops and monocrops. Cabbage yield was as cell favoured by previous crotalaria and its intercrops, with exception of the intercrop in which all four plant species participated. Results have demonstrated the adequacy of crotalaria for rotational system with commercial crops under organic management. The experiments otherwise indicated that combining the legume with other soil covering species may lead to additional advantages in terms of crop residues persistence on soil surface and ed?fica fauna stimulation. / Avaliaram-se, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, quatro esp?cies bot?nicas, consorciadas ou n?o, para aduba??o verde e cobertura do solo, antecedendo as culturas de milho verde e repolho. Estas culturas foram implantadas em sistema plantio direto e submetidas ao manejo org?nico. O estudo com o milho verde foi conduzido na Baixada Fluminense (Serop?dica) a 33 m de altitude enquanto o estudo com o repolho teve lugar na regi?o Centro Sul (Paty do Alferes) a 680m. Em ambos os experimentos, empregouse o delineamento de blocos casualizados, envolvendo 12 tratamentos com quatro repeti??es. As esp?cies de cobertura do solo utilizadas foram: Crotalaria juncea (C), girassol Heliantus annus (G), sorgo Sorghum bicolor (S) e mamoneira Ricinus communis (M). Os tratamentos relativos ?s esp?cies de cobertura corresponderam aos respectivos monocultivos e aos cons?rcios: C+G, C+S, C+M, C+G+S, C+G+M, C+S+M e C+G+S+M. O tratamento controle foi representado pelas parcelas que permaneceram em pousio, cuja vegeta??o espont?nea foi ro?ada por ocasi?o dos plantios subsequentes de milho ou repolho. Nas condi??es da baixada fluminense, os cons?rcios favoreceram a diversidade da fauna ed?fica ep?gea, quando comparados com o pousio, tanto ao longo do ciclo vegetativo das esp?cies de cobertura quanto ap?s o corte. Com exce??o do monocultivo de mamoneira, os demais tratamentos provocaram redu??o dos n?veis de reinfesta??o de ervas espont?neas, relativamente ao pousio. A produtividade do milho em espigas verdes foi superior quando em sucess?o aos monocultivos das esp?cies de cobertura e pousio. A crotal?ria revelou destacado potencial como adubo verde, tendo em vista que somente nas parcelas onde foi previamente cultivada o milho n?o recebeu fertiliza??o org?nica suplementar. A maior quantidade acumulada de biomassa a?rea seca tamb?m resultou do monocultivo de leguminosa, o que provavelmente contribuiu para o rendimento superior do milho. No ensaio conduzido na regi?o Centro Sul, os valores mais elevados de biomassa produzida foram tamb?m obtidos a partir da crotal?ria em monocultivo, de seu cultivo consorciado com cada uma das outras plantas de cobertura (C+G, C+S e C+M) ou do triplo cons?rcio com sorgo e mamoneira (C+S+M). As taxas de decomposi??o in situ dos res?duos vegetais ro?ados distinguiram os cons?rcios dos monocultivos. Em termos de produtividade, o repolho foi beneficiado pelo pr?-cultivo de crotal?ria e seus cons?rcios, com exce??o daquele do qual participaram todas as quatro plantas de cobertura. Os resultados demonstraram adequa??o da Crotalaria juncea para sistemas rotacionados com culturas, de interesse comercial sob manejo org?nico. Indicaram, todavia, que combina??es desta leguminosa com outras esp?cies nos pr?-cultivos podem acarretar vantagens adicionais, ligadas ? persist?ncia da palhada distribu?da na superf?cie do solo, a partir do corte da biomassa a?rea, e ? diversidade da fauna ed?fica ep?gea.

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