This thesis traces the phenomenon of American Southern Gothic literature in relation to its most integral part: the exaggerated monstrosity. Even though the prevalent distorted images are usually associated with aesthetic decadence, their moral symbolism should not be neglected. Furthermore, since the Gothic tradition is congruent with the unconscious and irrational, the absence of any psychological interest poses a major limitation in the Southern studies. Drawing on this approach, the following thesis investigates the role of deformities in connection to the individual's mind. Thus, aside from the literary historical concerns that arise within the context of the American South, the main aim of this thesis is to determine whether there is a link between the distortion and psychological trauma of the Southern past. The selected topic is approached from an interdisciplinary point of view; apart from literary history (E.A. Poe, W. Faulkner), Freudian definition of unconsciousness will be likewise employed. I hereby hope my findings may significantly broaden and contribute to the conceptualization of deformities in regards to the context of the American South, more specifically within the historical, literary and psychological field of Southern studies. Key words: American, South, Gothic, Deformity,...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to subclassify the types of facial asymmetries present in a pre-surgical dentofacial deformity patient population to determine the prevalence of each subcategory. Associations between the craniofacial characteristics of each asymmetry and pre-surgical Jaw Pain and Function Questionnaire (JPFQ) scores, diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), and posterior facial asymmetry (PFA) as determined by nasal septum deviation were analyzed. In addition, the data will aid in the development of a phenomics database to allow for subsequent genotyping and gene expression evaluation from patient saliva and masseter muscle samples that were obtained at the time of corrective orthognathic surgery. Methods: Pre-surgical posterio-anterior (PA) cephalograms, submentovertex (SMV) and panoramic (PAN) radiographs from 92 pre-surgical dentofacial deformity patients at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Lille, France were collected to evaluate facial asymmetry. PAs were traced and analyzed according to the Grummons Simplified Frontal analysis and Ramal Height analysis (Dolphin Imaging). SMVs were analyzed by the refined clinical system of the Ritucci and Burstone analysis proposed by Arnold et al along with original angular measurements for maxillary, mandibular, and nasal septum deviations (ImageJ). PFA was determined by a nasal septum deviation greater than 15 degrees. Lastly, PANs were evaluated visually for condylar pathologies. A comprehensive diagnostic decision tree for facial asymmetry was formulated based upon the current literature for normal variation of landmarks and the study design. Patient diagnosis via the decision tree was compared to visual examination of the appropriate x-rays to verify accuracy. Using this decision tree, patients were classified into subtypes and prevalence of each was calculated to form a phenomics database for future research on genotyping and gene expression. Associations between the subclassifications, mean pre-surgical JPFQ scores, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) clinical examination results (TMD+ or TMD-), and the diagnosis of posterior facial asymmetry (PFA+ or PFA-) were completed. Results: Sixty-two patients were able to fulfill all radiographic requirements to arrive at a diagnosis. Eighteen patients demonstrated facial asymmetry that fell within normal biological variation while the other 44 were diagnosed as having a form of facial asymmetry – Cranial Base Asymmetry: 11 female, 6 male; Non-Condylar Mandibular Asymmetry: 5 female, 3 male; Hemimandibular Elongation: 2 female, 3 male; Maxillary Asymmetry: 3 female, 1 male; Idiopathic Condylar Resorption: 3 female, 1 male; Atypical Asymmetry: 3 female, 1 male; Hemimandibular Hyperplasia: 1 female, 0 male; and Maxillary Base & Mandibular Body Asymmetry: 0 female, 1 male. JPFQ scores for symmetric patients ((x ) ̅= 5.33) and asymmetric patients (x ̅= 4.57) were non-significant overall, however, differences between gender were noted (female symmetric (x ) ̅= 6.13, male symmetric (x ) ̅= 1.33, female asymmetric (x ) ̅= 5.36, male asymmetric (x ) ̅= 3.19). TMD was diagnosed by pre-surgical TMJ examinations and MRIs. Four symmetric patients (3 female, 1 male) were positively diagnosed with TMD while 14 asymmetric patients (11 female, 1 male) also were diagnosed. PFA was diagnosed when nasal septum deviation was greater than 15 degrees – 25⁰ to ≤35⁰: 9 patients; >35⁰ to ≤45⁰: 3 patients; >45⁰: 1 patient. Twenty patients with a positive PFA were asymmetric while the other 8 symmetric. Twenty-one patients with PFA were female while the other 7 were male. Conclusion: A comprehensive diagnostic decision tree for facial asymmetry classification was formulated and validated. With it, it was found that: Females have increased JPFQ scores and clinical diagnosis of TMD versus males. Asymmetric females have decreased JPFQ scores, but increased prevalence of TMD. Presence of PFA does not appear to be a strong influence on development of facial asymmetry but is significantly linked to the presence of TMD. PFA is present in nearly half of all dentofacial deformity subjects. Mandibular asymmetry is most commonly associated with increased JPFQ scores and presence of TMD. However, Hemimandibular Hyperplasia, a particular and less common form of mandibular asymmetry, never associated with TMD. One form of mandibular and mid-facial asymmetry, Atypical Asymmetry, had a relatively high prevalence of TMD. Future directions for this research include continuation of genotypic description of IGF1 and Nodal biologic pathways to determine how gene expression levels in masseter muscle and patient genotypes differ in the eight subclassifications of craniofacial asymmetry compared to the symmetric population. / Oral Biology

Title Evaluating the Effect of Spa Treatment for Ideopatic Scoliosis Objectives The main objective of this work is to evaluate effect of spa treatment for children with ideopatic scoliosis at age of 12-15 years. My objective was to find out the efficiency of spa treatment. I also would like to find out a long-term effect while comparing girls and boys. A long-effect means, that the spa effect will last at least until the next spa visit. The next objective was to find out how many children are affected by ideopatic scoliosis, or how many children suffer from bad body posture. I was also seeking, if there is sufficient number of spa centers for treating these kinds of diseases in Czech Republic. Methods This work has a scientific character. It is a retrospective study focused on evaluation of the effect of spa treatment for children with ideopatic scoliosis. For evaluating the rate of improvement, informations from semi-standartized tests was used. These tests are used in the spa centre in Lázně Bělohrad, Czech Republic. I extracted a selected category of patients, compared these data, and visualised them in a graphs. There are 5 physioterapists working in this centre, and all of them are using the same methods for patient monitoring. However, all data had to be standardised before working with them,...

A qualidade do sedimento no estado de São Paulo tem sido caracterizada com o uso, dentre outras linhas de evidência, dos resultados obtidos com ensaios ecotoxicológicos utilizando o anfípoda Hyalella azteca. Protocolos internacionais como os da USEPA, ASTM, OECD e ENVIRONMENT CANADA descrevem procedimentos para o cultivo e realização desses ensaios utilizando também outros organismos bentônicos, como as larvas de inseto do gênero Chironomus sp (Insecta, Diptera). No Brasil, diversos estudos realizados com a espécie Chironomus sancticaroli não contam com metodologia nacional normatizada. Os protocolos descrevem metodologias para ensaios de sensibilidade à substância de referência como garantia da qualidade dos organismos antes de sua utilização, não estabelecendo outras metodologias para o monitoramento de variáveis biológicas em cultivo de organismos-teste ou ainda, critérios de aceitabilidade. Com o intuito de garantir a qualidade desses organismos cultivados em laboratório e adaptar uma metodologia para ensaios com sedimento, foram realizados ensaios para o monitoramento de variáveis biológicas em cultivo, determinação de critérios de aceitabilidade para essas variáveis e ensaios com amostras de rios e reservatórios do estado de São Paulo durante os anos 2006 a 2009. As variáveis sobrevivência, deformidade do mento em organismos cultivados e submetidos ao controle do ensaio, fecundidade, fertilidade e taxa de eclosão, foram monitoradas e o critério de aceitabilidade para cada uma foi estabelecido com base no cálculo do percentil. As variações encontradas nesses resultados sugerem a existência de possíveis interferentes como a qualidade da água de cultivo utilizada e a consangüinidade. Os critérios de aceitabilidade, determinados com base em percentis, servirão de ferramenta para o controle da qualidade dos organismos cultivados sob condições específicas para cada laboratório. A metodologia de ensaio adaptada mostrou bom desempenho, superando o critério de aceitabilidade estabelecido para a sobrevivência dos organismos do controle do ensaio. O quironomídeo apresentou maior sensibilidade quando comparado ao anfípoda comumente utilizado em ensaios com sedimento, enfatizando a existência de diferentes respostas às características físico-químicas do sedimento, associada à biologia de cada organismo, permitindo-se recomendar a utilização conjunta desses organismos na avaliação da qualidade do sedimento. / The sediment of Sao Paulo state has been evaluated by using, among other lines of evidence, results obtained from ecotoxicological tests using the amphipod Hyalella azteca. International protocols such as the USEPA, ASTM, OECD and Environment Canada describe procedures for culturing and tests with other benthic organisms such as insect larvae of the genus Chironomus sp (Insecta, Diptera). In Brazil, several studies were conducted with the species Chironomus sancticaroli without the use of a national standardized methodology. The protocols describe methods for testing the sensitivity to the reference toxicant as quality assurance and do not describe other methodologies for monitoring the biological variables in culturing of test organisms, or establish acceptability criteria. In order to ensure the quality of the organisms cultured in the laboratory and adapt a methodology for sediment, tests were conducted to establish the variation of biological variables in culture and determine an acceptability criteria for these variables. Tests with sediment samples from rivers and reservoirs from Sao Paulo state were performed during the years 2006 to 2009. Variables such as survival, menthum deformity, fecundity, fertility and hatching rate were monitored and the acceptability criteria for each one was established using percentile calculations. Variations in the monitoring of variables results suggest the existence of possible interferences such as water quality and inbreeding in culturing. The acceptability criteria determined, based on the percentile, will serve as a tool for quality control of culturing organisms under specific conditions to each laboratory. The adapted test methodology showed good performance, exceeding the acceptability criteria established to organism survival in the control test. The high sensitivity of chironomids when compared to amphipods emphasizing the existence of different responses to physicochemical and chemical characteristics of the sediment, associated with the biology of each organism, indicating that the combined use of these organisms in sediment quality assessment can be recommended.

Foi realizado um estudo clínico em 52 pacientes com escoliose idiopática para a comparação das mensurações de gibosidade realizadas com uma régua e um nível d’água em três posições (flexão anterior com os membros superiores livres, flexão anterior com as mãos unidas e na posição sentada) e por três examinadores. Foi também estudado a correlação entre essas medidas com a avaliação radiológica na posição ortostática e em decúbito dorsal por meio das medidas do ângulo de Cobb e da rotação vertebral pelo método Nash & Moe e pelo método de Raimondi, e a comparação da magnitude da curva e da rotação vertebral, mensuradas nas radiografias na posição ortostática e em decúbito dorsal, foi também realizada. Os resultados mostraram uma alta precisão das medidas de gibosidade entre os três examinadores; e quanto as três posições, a posição 1 apresentou uma melhor concordância para mensurar gibosidade, pois quando comparada com a posição 2 e 3 não mostrou diferença significativa. A correlação das medidas de gibosidade com o ângulo de Cobb e com a rotação vertebral foi boa e excelente somente para as curvas torácicas, nas posições 1 e 2. A correlação do ângulo de Cobb com a rotação vertebral pelo método de Raimondi foi melhor do que pelo método Nash & Moe nas curvas torácicas e tóraco-lombares. Foram observadas diferenças significativas das medidas do ângulo de Cobb nas radiografias na posição ortostática e em decúbito dorsal, mas as medidas de rotação vertebral pelos dois métodos mostraram diferenças significativas apenas nas curvas torácicas e tóraco-lombares. / A clinical study were performed in 52 patients with idiopathic scoliosis to the comparison of the measurements of hump deformity performed with a level plane adjusted with a ruler in three positions (forward bending with the upper limb free, forward bending with the hands together and in a position sitting) and by three examiners. This work also studied the correlation among these measurements with the radiologic assessment in erect and supine position through of the measurements of Cobb angle and of the vertebral rotation for the Nash & Moe and the Raimondi method, and the comparison the curve magnitude and of the vertebral rotation, measured in the radiographs in erect and supine position was performed as well. The results showed a high accuracy of the measurements of hump deformity among the three examiners; and as for the three positions, the position 1 showed a better concordance to measure hump deformity, and when compared with the position 2 and 3 it showed no significant difference. The correlation of the measurements of hump deformity with the Cobb angle and vertebral rotation was good and excellent only for the thoracic curve, at the 1 and 2 positions. Correlation of Cobb angle with vertebral rotation for the Raimondi method was better than for the Nash & Moe method at the thoracic and thoracolumbar curves. Significant diferences in the Cobb angle measurements at the standing and supine position were observed, but the measurements of the vertebral rotation for the two methods showed significant differences only at the thoracic and thoracolumbar curves.

A qualidade do sedimento no estado de São Paulo tem sido caracterizada com o uso, dentre outras linhas de evidência, dos resultados obtidos com ensaios ecotoxicológicos utilizando o anfípoda Hyalella azteca. Protocolos internacionais como os da USEPA, ASTM, OECD e ENVIRONMENT CANADA descrevem procedimentos para o cultivo e realização desses ensaios utilizando também outros organismos bentônicos, como as larvas de inseto do gênero Chironomus sp (Insecta, Diptera). No Brasil, diversos estudos realizados com a espécie Chironomus sancticaroli não contam com metodologia nacional normatizada. Os protocolos descrevem metodologias para ensaios de sensibilidade à substância de referência como garantia da qualidade dos organismos antes de sua utilização, não estabelecendo outras metodologias para o monitoramento de variáveis biológicas em cultivo de organismos-teste ou ainda, critérios de aceitabilidade. Com o intuito de garantir a qualidade desses organismos cultivados em laboratório e adaptar uma metodologia para ensaios com sedimento, foram realizados ensaios para o monitoramento de variáveis biológicas em cultivo, determinação de critérios de aceitabilidade para essas variáveis e ensaios com amostras de rios e reservatórios do estado de São Paulo durante os anos 2006 a 2009. As variáveis sobrevivência, deformidade do mento em organismos cultivados e submetidos ao controle do ensaio, fecundidade, fertilidade e taxa de eclosão, foram monitoradas e o critério de aceitabilidade para cada uma foi estabelecido com base no cálculo do percentil. As variações encontradas nesses resultados sugerem a existência de possíveis interferentes como a qualidade da água de cultivo utilizada e a consangüinidade. Os critérios de aceitabilidade, determinados com base em percentis, servirão de ferramenta para o controle da qualidade dos organismos cultivados sob condições específicas para cada laboratório. A metodologia de ensaio adaptada mostrou bom desempenho, superando o critério de aceitabilidade estabelecido para a sobrevivência dos organismos do controle do ensaio. O quironomídeo apresentou maior sensibilidade quando comparado ao anfípoda comumente utilizado em ensaios com sedimento, enfatizando a existência de diferentes respostas às características físico-químicas do sedimento, associada à biologia de cada organismo, permitindo-se recomendar a utilização conjunta desses organismos na avaliação da qualidade do sedimento. / The sediment of Sao Paulo state has been evaluated by using, among other lines of evidence, results obtained from ecotoxicological tests using the amphipod Hyalella azteca. International protocols such as the USEPA, ASTM, OECD and Environment Canada describe procedures for culturing and tests with other benthic organisms such as insect larvae of the genus Chironomus sp (Insecta, Diptera). In Brazil, several studies were conducted with the species Chironomus sancticaroli without the use of a national standardized methodology. The protocols describe methods for testing the sensitivity to the reference toxicant as quality assurance and do not describe other methodologies for monitoring the biological variables in culturing of test organisms, or establish acceptability criteria. In order to ensure the quality of the organisms cultured in the laboratory and adapt a methodology for sediment, tests were conducted to establish the variation of biological variables in culture and determine an acceptability criteria for these variables. Tests with sediment samples from rivers and reservoirs from Sao Paulo state were performed during the years 2006 to 2009. Variables such as survival, menthum deformity, fecundity, fertility and hatching rate were monitored and the acceptability criteria for each one was established using percentile calculations. Variations in the monitoring of variables results suggest the existence of possible interferences such as water quality and inbreeding in culturing. The acceptability criteria determined, based on the percentile, will serve as a tool for quality control of culturing organisms under specific conditions to each laboratory. The adapted test methodology showed good performance, exceeding the acceptability criteria established to organism survival in the control test. The high sensitivity of chironomids when compared to amphipods emphasizing the existence of different responses to physicochemical and chemical characteristics of the sediment, associated with the biology of each organism, indicating that the combined use of these organisms in sediment quality assessment can be recommended.

Le monde grec antique nous a transmis l'image d'une civilisation imprégnée de beauté à travers ses œuvres artistiques, cette image étant renforcée par la richesse et la qualité de ses productions littéraires. La quête de la beauté suprême atteint son apogée durant la période classique, et dans ce contexte où tout semble tendre vers cet idéal, la laideur d'apparence est très peu évocatrice; les quelques personnages grecs laids ou difformes auxquels nous pouvons penser, Thersite, Socrate ou Héphaïstos, semblent constituer la minorité d'exceptions qui confirme la règle tellement ils sont présentés comme des cas à part. Cette image que nous avons des Grecs est évidemment trompeuse: les maladies, les difformités et les différentes formes de laideur devaient naturellement faire partie de leur vie quotidienne. Travailler sur ce sujet encore peu exploré nous a paru fort intéressant; pour tenter de saisir ce que les Grecs eux-mêmes ont peu exprimé, nous avons couvert le plus d'aspects possibles en ayant recours à l'ensemble des textes de la période classique sans oublier l'iconographie, indispensable pour une étude sur l'esthétique. / The ancient Greek world passed on to us the image of a civilization filled with beauty through its artistic works, this image being strengthened by the richness and quality of its literary productions. The quest for supreme beauty reached its peak during the classical period, and in this context where everything seems to tend towards this ideal, physical ugliness is not something we generally equate with Greek thought; a few ugly or deformed Greek characters of whom we can think, Thersite, Socrates or Hephæstus, are so isolated that they seem to be the exception rather than the rule. Thus, this image is clearly incorrect since sickness, deformity, and other kinds of ugliness were natural parts of their lives. This little investigated subject is full of interest to us. In our efforts to seize what the Greeks themselves failed to express, we covered every relevent aspect possible by using all the texts of the classical period, not leaving the iconography behind, which is indispensable for a study on aesthetics.

The aim of this master thesis was test, comapre and observe the best density of rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) for growth and survival of zander (Sander lucioperca) larvae stage in the recirculation aquatic systém (RAS). The secondary experiment tests initial feeding of zander by dint of rotifers and consequently by mix of rotifers and artemia. Main experiment observe effect of different density of rotifers on survive and growth of zander. Other observe parameters such as Fulton´s coeficient, total lenght of fish, weight of fish, etc. Fish was divided into 4 groups with different density of feeding and the control group without feeding. Rotifers has been used in density of 2, 6, 10 and 20 pieces per larva. The best growth in "D" group has been compensate by lower surviving. On the other hand the best ratio of survive has been observe in "C" group, which showed lower growth. The optimal rate of growth and survive has been declared in "B" group, which were feed with dose of 6 pieces rotifers for larva. In the second experiment were observe body changes of zander after initial feeding by rotifers folowed with feeding mix of rotifers and artemia. There were observe successful fulfillment of gas bladder and deformation of fish body and spinal after 40 days of keeping larvae in RAS. In the end of experiment there were also observe defirmations body - for example missing lower jaw, upper jaw or both of them. Spinal deformities occured in the form of scoliosis, lordosis, kyphosis and zig zag distortion. The experiment has shown that unsuccessfully filled gas bladder is closely related to the formation of deformitiy in the zander. Another negative factor that affects the filling of the gas bladder is grease on the surface of the water level, so I recommend installing the grease trap in the fill phase of the gas bladder.

Foi realizado um estudo clínico em 52 pacientes com escoliose idiopática para a comparação das mensurações de gibosidade realizadas com uma régua e um nível d’água em três posições (flexão anterior com os membros superiores livres, flexão anterior com as mãos unidas e na posição sentada) e por três examinadores. Foi também estudado a correlação entre essas medidas com a avaliação radiológica na posição ortostática e em decúbito dorsal por meio das medidas do ângulo de Cobb e da rotação vertebral pelo método Nash & Moe e pelo método de Raimondi, e a comparação da magnitude da curva e da rotação vertebral, mensuradas nas radiografias na posição ortostática e em decúbito dorsal, foi também realizada. Os resultados mostraram uma alta precisão das medidas de gibosidade entre os três examinadores; e quanto as três posições, a posição 1 apresentou uma melhor concordância para mensurar gibosidade, pois quando comparada com a posição 2 e 3 não mostrou diferença significativa. A correlação das medidas de gibosidade com o ângulo de Cobb e com a rotação vertebral foi boa e excelente somente para as curvas torácicas, nas posições 1 e 2. A correlação do ângulo de Cobb com a rotação vertebral pelo método de Raimondi foi melhor do que pelo método Nash & Moe nas curvas torácicas e tóraco-lombares. Foram observadas diferenças significativas das medidas do ângulo de Cobb nas radiografias na posição ortostática e em decúbito dorsal, mas as medidas de rotação vertebral pelos dois métodos mostraram diferenças significativas apenas nas curvas torácicas e tóraco-lombares. / A clinical study were performed in 52 patients with idiopathic scoliosis to the comparison of the measurements of hump deformity performed with a level plane adjusted with a ruler in three positions (forward bending with the upper limb free, forward bending with the hands together and in a position sitting) and by three examiners. This work also studied the correlation among these measurements with the radiologic assessment in erect and supine position through of the measurements of Cobb angle and of the vertebral rotation for the Nash & Moe and the Raimondi method, and the comparison the curve magnitude and of the vertebral rotation, measured in the radiographs in erect and supine position was performed as well. The results showed a high accuracy of the measurements of hump deformity among the three examiners; and as for the three positions, the position 1 showed a better concordance to measure hump deformity, and when compared with the position 2 and 3 it showed no significant difference. The correlation of the measurements of hump deformity with the Cobb angle and vertebral rotation was good and excellent only for the thoracic curve, at the 1 and 2 positions. Correlation of Cobb angle with vertebral rotation for the Raimondi method was better than for the Nash & Moe method at the thoracic and thoracolumbar curves. Significant diferences in the Cobb angle measurements at the standing and supine position were observed, but the measurements of the vertebral rotation for the two methods showed significant differences only at the thoracic and thoracolumbar curves.

Title: Effect of mechanical correction and active exercise in the treatment of deformity of the fifth toe - Tailor's bunion Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to identify the effect of mechanical correction and active physiotherapeutic intervention in the treatment of deformity Tailor's bunion. Methods: This is a quantitative-qualitative experimental study involving 10 probands aged 19 to 25 with flexible Tailor's bunion deformity, 6 out of 10 probands had bilateral deformity and the remaining probands unilateral deformity. In this thesis, passive intervention in the form of mechanical axial correction of V. MTP joint by strapping tape was used and active intervention in the form of selected active exercise aimed at evaluating (identifying) the effect on selected foot parameters. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of five. Group 1 was subjected to active therapeutic intervention and Group 2 was subjected to passive therapeutic intervention for 4 weeks. Before and after the therapeutic intervention, the probands were examined clinically, followed by a postural stability test in static standing on the tensometric plate RS Footscan ® Balance and pressure distribution testing of individual foot segments while walking on a Footscan Gait plate. At the end of the examination we did...