Submitted by Michele Mologni (mologni@unoeste.br) on 2017-08-29T18:09:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele Perreti Bettio.pdf: 593796 bytes, checksum: 557767ed1535a67decf261ceeb060bca (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T18:09:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele Perreti Bettio.pdf: 593796 bytes, checksum: 557767ed1535a67decf261ceeb060bca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / In the western region of São Paulo, the great problem with degraded pastures and sandy soils has been minimized with the implantation of systems that integrate crops and livestock. The objective of the present work was to evaluate biometric and biochemical changes in soybean crop and the impacts caused by soil microbiology in response to different management practices in a crop - livestock integration system in its third year of implementation. For this, soil samples were collected from an area under an integration system and different soil management, in its third experimental year, which is located at the Experimental Farm of UNOESTE, in the municipality of Presidente Bernardes - SP. Vessels with a capacity of 5 kg were filled with soil and afterwards the sowing of soybean cultivar RIBER 6813 RR was carried out. The pots with the plants were arranged in the vegetation of the University of the West - UNOESTE, in Presidente Prudente - SP, under periodic irrigation and controlled conditions of temperature and humidity for 60 days.The experimental design was completely randomized in a double factorial system (2x5) with six replications. The treatments consisted of scarification of the soil and different fertilizations: T0 = Control (fertilization only of soybean planting); T1 = Liming; T2 = Liming + Gypsum; T3 = Liming + Gypsum + NPK; and T4 = Liming + Gypsum + NPK + Micronutrients. Microbiological analyzes of the soil (carbon and microbial nitrogen, basal respiration and enzymatic activity (dehydrogenase)) were also carried out. Biochemical analyzes of the plants (MDA, total phenols and peroxidase), soya growth and nodulation were also performed. The results were submitted to the Tukey test at the 5% probability level. Soil scarification and fertilization with micronutrients provided, in the third experimental year, a reduction in microbiological indicators in the soil, after its effectiveness in the production system. The system of production without scarification with liming only, at the beginning of the implantation, increased the microbial biomass and maintained the microbial quotient in values suitable for sustainable agricultural systems. The secondary metabolism in soybean indicated that, in the third experimental year, there was an increase in the compounds related to the defense of the plants in the management with less chemical and physical interventions of the soil. / Na região do Oeste Paulista o grande problema com pastagens degradadas e solos arenosos vem sendo minimizado com implantações de sistemas que integram lavoura e pecuária. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar alterações biométricas e bioquímicas na cultura da soja e os impactos ocasionados na microbiologia do solo em resposta a diferentes manejos impostos em um sistema de Integração Lavoura – Pecuária, em seu terceiro ano de implantação. Para tanto, foram coletadas amostras de solo de uma área conduzida sob sistema de integração e diferentes manejos do solo, em seu terceiro ano experimental, a qual está localizada na Fazenda Experimental da UNOESTE, no município de Presidente Bernardes – SP. Vasos com capacidade de 5 Kg foram preenchidos com o solo e posteriormente foi realizada a semeadura da cultivar de soja RIBER 6813 RR. Os vasos com as plantas ficaram dispostos na casa de vegetação da Universidade do Oeste Paulista – UNOESTE, em Presidente Prudente – SP, sob irrigação periódica e condições controladas de temperatura e umidade, durante 60 dias. O delineamento experimental empregado foi inteiramente ao acaso em sistema fatorial duplo, (2x5) com seis repetições. Os tratamentos na área experimental consistiam em escarificação do solo e diferentes adubações: T0 = Controle (apenas adubação de plantio da soja); T1 = Calagem; T2 = Calagem + Gesso agrícola; T3 = Calagem + Gesso agrícola + NPK; e T4 = Calagem + Gesso agrícola + NPK + Micronutrientes. Foram realizadas análises microbiológicas do solo (carbono e nitrogênio microbiano, respiração basal e atividade enzimática (desidrogenase)), também foram realizadas análises bioquímicas das plantas (MDA, fenóis totais e peroxidase), avaliação de crescimento e nodulação da soja. Os resultados foram submetidos ao Teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. A escarificação do solo e as adubações com micronutrientes proporcionaram, no terceiro ano experimental, após sua efetivação no sistema de produção, redução nos indicadores microbiológicos no solo. O sistema de produção sem escarificação com intervenção apenas da calagem, no início da implantação, elevou a biomassa microbiana e manteve o quociente microbiano em valores adequados para sistemas agrícolas sustentáveis. O metabolismo secundário na soja indicou que, ainda no terceiro ano experimental, houve aumento nos compostos relacionados com a defesa das plantas nos manejos com menos intervenções químicas e físicas do solo.

This case study investigated profitability of a small stand of fast-grown Eucalyptus nitens in Canterbury for sawn timber production. This stand was pruned and thinned and then harvested at 15 years old. An estimate of per-hectare log yields and diameters was made from the stand. Sample logs were sawn, dried and profiled, then products quantified. Log prices were estimated using the residual value method. Prices were summed for sawn products from each log, from which processing expenses and sawmill profit were deducted for an estimate of log value. In the absence of market prices for sawn E. nitens products empirical estimates of price were derived from market survey data. Predictive models were produced from estimated stand log yields along with predicted product revenues and processing costs from sample logs. These were used for estimating per-hectare log residual values from the case study stand trees. Financial returns to the grower were then calculated as discounted cash flows from the estimated log residual values per hectare, taking into account grower costs along with harvesting and transport costs. Best-practice processing methods were identified from the literature and applied as a productivity benchmark. Methods were developed with the view to standardising data across research efforts that seek to improve grade recoveries for E. nitens. A range of factors were investigated that potentially influenced E. nitens log residual value in this case study, including log diameter and log position. Outcomes included a reasonably favourable return on investment for the grower. However, this depended on a number of factors such as land price, distance from processor, product prices, grading methods, drying methods and level of sawmill profit. The application of contemporary best practice small-scale processing methods indicates that E. nitens has potential as a profitable plantation species for solid timber production.