Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-25T23:07:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KahenaDeQuevedoFlorentin_DISSERT.pdf: 2361429 bytes, checksum: dc742ce59ccfacea57721d908c3a033e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-04T20:32:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 KahenaDeQuevedoFlorentin_DISSERT.pdf: 2361429 bytes, checksum: dc742ce59ccfacea57721d908c3a033e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T20:32:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KahenaDeQuevedoFlorentin_DISSERT.pdf: 2361429 bytes, checksum: dc742ce59ccfacea57721d908c3a033e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-28 / Alginate is a linear polymer compound of D-mannuronic acid(M) linked (1 ? 4) at its epimer in C-5 of L-guluronic acid (G). An alginate was isolated and partially purified from brown seaweed D. delicatula (DYN). DYN was chemically sufated (DYS). DYS showed 22% of sulfation and the rate of total sugars was around 66 and 59% for DYN and DYS respectively. DYN DYS and showed a ratio M G of 0.86 and 1.1, respectively. IR signals at 1221cm-1 confirmed the sulfation of DYS. DYN presented anticoagulant activity about intrinsic coagulation pathway, while DYS did not alter the clotting times for aPTT and PT. DYN and DYS also showed antioxidant properties especially ferric chelation where DYN reached about 97% and the OH sequestration where both averaged 85%. In 3T3 cells, DYN indicated proliferation in 24h and 48h of incubation and no cytotoxicity. For tumor lines HeLa and b16, and DYN and DYS decreased significantly the cell viability, especially after 48 hours (about 71% of inhibition). Given the results obtained in this study, it is clear that the sulfation is not decisive for the activity of D. delicatula alginate. In general, DYS and DYN shown as potential compounds to be used pharmacologically, and also in the food industry for revealing be great antioxidant. / Marine algae are rich sources of various structural compounds which recently has been increasingly studied as a new source of bioactive substances. The alginate, as come as fucans, are considered the main acidic polysaccharides found in brown seaweed. This molecule consists a linear natural polysaccharide, non-sulfated, and presents monosaccharides: acid ?-D-mannuronic (M) and ?-L-guluronic acid (G); in a vast amount compositions and threads. Alginate has been widely applied in food and pharmaceutical industries because of its ability to retain water, forming films and gels as well as thickening, stabilizing and form emulsions. In this work we aimed to extract, structurally characterize, compare and analyze the possible pharmacological activities of native alginate molecule obtained from brown seaweed Dyctiopteris delicatula (DYN), and its chemically sulfated derivative (DYS). The alginate structure and composition molecule can be proven through chemical dosing, that showed low protein contamination and high sugar level, existence and separation of M and G blocks in the descending paper chromatography, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Molecule sulfation was proven with sulphate dosage, resulting in 28.56% sulphate in molecule; electrophoresis, verify metachromasia with toluidine blue; and infrared spectroscopy, that showed a characteristic band at 1221cm-1 corresponding a sulfate group vibration. For the pharmacological activities the tests was: antioxidant activity, changes in cell function (MTT test) and anticoagulant test. In the antioxidant activity we observed that DYN showed better results in the kidnapping of hydroxyl radicals and ferric chelation compared to DYS, this had the best result in the total antioxidant capacity. Both showed similar activity in reducing power and the kidnapping radicals DPPH. In MTT test DYN and DYS had not proliferative and cytotoxic activity in fibroblast cells (3T3) and showed antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity in cancer cell lines HeLa and B16 melanoma. In anticoagulant assay DYN showed good activity in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation, and a small activity in the extrinsic pathway, in the other hand DYS showed only a very small activity in the extrinsic pathway, but cannot come to be regarded as an anticoagulant agent. From these results it can be concluded that the alginate was extracted and sulfated, revealing a potential compound to be used in the pharmaceutical industry as an anticoagulant agent, antioxidant and antitumor and the sulfation has not been conclusively important to performance in the tested pharmacological activities

The spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) overwinters in egg masses for approximately eight months a year, representing the longest individual life stage. The immobile egg mass life stage constitutes a good candidate for management practices. Many insecticides and biopesticides have been demonstrated to provide control of nymphal and adult L. delicatula, but more research is needed on managing SLF egg masses. I conducted bioassays across three years (2021–2023) utilizing various insecticides and biopesticides against untreated and water checks at different application timings on SLF egg masses. Furthermore, in 2023, field trials of malathion and Beauveria bassiana biopesticides were investigated. I found substantial hatch reduction from malathion in all bioassays and field trials. Other pesticides tested in laboratory bioassays demonstrated varying hatch reductions across application timings and years. Laboratory bioassays suggested a single commercially available application of B. bassiana made directly on overwintering L. delicatula egg masses could subsequently infect hatching neonates. In laboratory studies, the optimal timing of spray applications on L. delicatula egg masses was approximately two weeks before hatch. Both field trials demonstrated that infection in hatching L. delicatula nymphs was greater than in laboratory bioassays. The intention of this research is to provide stakeholders with additional environmentally friendly tools to manage spotted lanternfly. In separate studies, I report the first detections of Aculops ailanthi, an exotic mite on tree-of-heaven, Ailanthus altissima, from Montgomery County, Virginia, and Wayne County, Michigan, USA. Samples from both states were sent to USDA-ARS for identification, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the species as A. ailanthi based on the morphological features. Moreover, I describe the impacts that high populations of A. ailanthi can have on Ai. altissima, in greenhouse settings, and its potential use as a biological control agent. I investigated the efficacy of various foliar insecticide treatments against A. ailanthi on potted Ai. altissima saplings to produce additional management recommendations for researchers struggling to cultivate Ai. altissima in greenhouse conditions due to the overwhelming injury produced by A. ailanthi. All pesticide treatments significantly reduced A. ailanthi populations and provided residual control for two weeks. / Doctor of Philosophy / The invasive spotted lanternfly has spread to many States since it was introduced into the USA in 2014. Spotted lanternfly negatively influences many economic sectors, disrupting the distribution of commerce and requiring stakeholders to implement management options to reduce impacts on valuable commodities. Grapevines, a preferred host of spotted lanternfly, are at the greatest risk from spotted lanternfly. Currently, most spotted lanternfly management in vineyards targets the adult life stage as the adults aggregate in dense populations, feeding and excreting honeydew on vines. While many insecticides and biopesticides are effective at managing spotted lanternfly to some degree, commercial vineyards have reported an increase in the frequency of pesticide applications against spotted lanternfly. Spotted lanternfly survive the winter in egg masses, and despite remaining in egg masses for a large portion of the year, little research has been conducted on the management of spotted lanternfly egg masses. Here, I examined insecticide and biopesticide applications for spotted lanternfly egg masses. I applied a single application of pesticides to spotted lanternfly egg masses at various times during the overwinter life stage. I found many insecticidal treatments resulted in a reduction in the hatch of the spotted lanternfly. Furthermore, I observed signs of infection in recently emerged spotted lanternfly when egg masses were exposed to biopesticide treatments. In laboratory studies, I found that commercial insect pathogenic fungus applications made two weeks before hatch resulted in the most significant hatch reduction and infection. Field trials of pesticides against overwintering spotted lanternfly egg masses demonstrated similar effects as those observed in laboratory studies. Finally, while growing tree-of-heaven for SLF research, I documented the presence of a mite, Aculops ailanthi, reporting multiple new state records and observations of potential biological control utility against tree-of-heaven.