Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2018-01-31T21:20:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_B?rbara_Vers?o Final.pdf: 5176075 bytes, checksum: 01d1c376e06ac1b74f5e854ac3136513 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-31T21:20:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o_B?rbara_Vers?o Final.pdf: 5176075 bytes, checksum: 01d1c376e06ac1b74f5e854ac3136513 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-19 / The present work consists in the specific delimitation study of Croton muscicapa M?ll. Arg. and Croton longibracteatus Mart. Gord. & de Luna, belonging to Croton L., one of the biggest genus of Euphorbiaceae. It was analyzed the differentiation and the relations between these two species and associated morphotypes occurring along Espinha?o Range and adjacent areas in Brazil. For this purpose, samples of two species from herbarium were previously analyzed and 11 populations were collected, which correspond to five morphological groups, being used different methods of analysis. Morphotypes were tested by traditional uni and multivariated morphometrics involving 37 vegetative and floral variables. In addition, analyses of structuring and genetic variability using ISSR markers were realized, selecting the eight most variable primers and obtained 116 polymorphic loci. Foliar anatomy and micromorphology data was obtained from representatives of the 11 populations by optical and scanning electronic microscopy, respectively. Based on analyzed samples, it was observed that vegetative characters are much more variable than reproductive ones and are less taxonomically informative in this group. From the genetic point of view, the populations demonstrated high structuring and low variability. These different lines of evidence confirmed four distinct groups, two corresponding to C. muscicapa and C. longibracteatus, restricted to Chapada Diamantina and adjacent areas in Bahia, Brazil. Two new species are proposed (C. aemulus Barbosa & Carn.-Torres and C. graomogolensis Barbosa & Carn.-Torres), endemic to North of Minas Gerais. These species can be separated principally by limb indumentum, quantity and length of glands in the limb margin, length of pistillate and staminate flowers and amount of stamens. Croton aemulus corresponds to a natural hybrid, confirmed by the genetic pool shared between C. longibracteatus and C. graomogolensis. It is presented a recircumscription for C. muscicapa and C. longibracteatus, besides descriptions, key for identification, illustrations, photos, distribution maps and general comments for all species. The four species share anatomical and micromorphological characters, however, differs by the position of stamens, petiole surface, length of glands in the limb margin and quantity of secondary compounds. The two new species are considered as endangered, according to IUCN criteria. / O presente trabalho consiste no estudo de delimita??o espec?fica de Croton muscicapa M?ll. Arg. e Croton longibracteatus Mart. Gord. & de Luna, pertencentes ao g?nero Croton L., um dos maiores de Euphorbiaceae. Foi analisada a diferencia??o e as rela??es entre essas duas esp?cies e morfotipos associados ocorrentes ao longo da Cadeia do Espinha?o e ?reas adjacentes no Brasil. Para isso, foram previamente analisadas amostras das duas esp?cies em herb?rio e coletadas 11 popula??es que correspondem a cinco grupos morfol?gicos, sendo aplicados diferentes m?todos de an?lise. Os morfotipos foram inicialmente testados atrav?s de morfometria tradicional uni e multivariada, envolvendo 37 vari?veis vegetativas e florais. Tamb?m foram realizadas an?lises de estrutura??o e variabilidade gen?tica a partir de marcadores moleculares ISSR, e sendo selecionados os oito primers mais vari?veis e obtidas 116 loci polim?rficos. Dados de anatomia e micromorfologia foliar tamb?m foram obtidos para representantes das 11 popula??es, atrav?s de microscopia ?ptica e microscopia elet?nica de varredura, respectivamente. A partir das amostras analisadas, observou-se que os caracteres vegetativos s?o muito mais vari?veis que os reprodutivos e menos informativos para fins taxon?micos nesse grupo. Do ponto de vista gen?tico, as popula??es demonstraram alta estrutura??o e baixa variabilidade. Atrav?s dessas diferentes linhas de evid?ncia, foram confirmados quatro grupos bastante distintos, dois deles correspondendo a C. muscicapa e C. longibracteatus, restritas ? Chapada Diamantina e ?reas adjacentes, no estado da Bahia, Brasil. Duas novas esp?cies s?o propostas (C. aemulus Barbosa & Carn.-Torres e C. graomogolensis Barbosa & Carn.-Torres), end?micas da regi?o norte de Minas Gerais. Estas esp?cies podem ser separadas especialmente por indumento no limbo, quantidade e comprimento de gl?ndulas na margem do limbo, comprimenro das flores pistiladas e estaminadas e quantidade de estames. Croton aemulus corresponde a um h?brido natural, confirmado pelo pool g?nico compartilhado entre C. longibracteatus e C. graomogolensis. ? apresentada uma recircunscri??o para C. muscicapa e C. longibracteatus, al?m de descri??es, chaves para identifica??o, ilustra??es, fotografias, mapas de distribui??o e coment?rios gerais para todas as esp?cies. Com base nos caracteres anat?micos e micromorfol?gicos, essas quatro esp?cies apresentam alguns caracteres compartilhados, mas diferem pela posi??o dos est?matos, superf?cie do pec?olo, comprimento das gl?ndulas da margem do limbo e a quantidade de compostos secund?rios. As duas novas esp?cies s?o consideradas amea?adas de extin??o, de acordo com os crit?rios da IUCN.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-09T23:31:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ViniciusDeAvelarSaoPedro_TESE.pdf: 3540659 bytes, checksum: 67811bd281acabb110f34e4ceae516ae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-10T00:07:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ViniciusDeAvelarSaoPedro_TESE.pdf: 3540659 bytes, checksum: 67811bd281acabb110f34e4ceae516ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-10T00:07:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ViniciusDeAvelarSaoPedro_TESE.pdf: 3540659 bytes, checksum: 67811bd281acabb110f34e4ceae516ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A diagonal de ?reas abertas, ou ?diagonal seca?, ? uma regi?o de grande riqueza de esp?cies e reconhecida import?ncia biogeogr?fica na Am?rica do Sul. Formada por Caatinga, Cerrado e Chaco, sua diversidade ainda est? subestimada e pouco se conhece acerca dos processos que deram origem ? sua biota. Para investigar a import?ncia de eventos geol?gicos e clim?ticos nos processos de diversifica??o, foi realizada uma abordagem gen?tica multilocus de ampla abrang?ncia geogr?fica em dois grupos de anf?bios (Dermatonotus muelleri e Phyllomedusa grupo hypochondrialis). Os dados moleculares foram interpretados ? luz da teoria da coalesc?ncia e infer?ncia bayesiana. T?cnicas como rede de hapl?tipos, reconstru??o filogeogr?fica, modelagem de nicho, testes de migra??o e ABC foram utilizadas como an?lises complementares. Foram reconhecidas duas linhagens distintas em Dermatonotus, que se diferenciaram durante eventos orog?nicos do Mioceno/Plioceno. A influ?ncia das varia??es clim?ticas do Pleistoceno se limitaram a mudan?as no tamanho populacional de uma das linhagens. Em Phyllomedusa, foram identificadas ao menos quatro linhagens geograficamente estruturadas. Uma complexa hist?ria de diversifica??o explica o surgimento dessas linhagens, come?ando por especia??o alop?trica durante o Ne?geno, envolvendo o soerguimento do Planalto Central e oscila??es na vaz?o do Rio S?o Francisco, at? os eventos de expans?o e retra??o dos biomas durante o Pleistoceno. Os resultados do presente estudo colaboram com a taxonomia dos g?neros Dermatonotus e Phyllomedusa e, sobretudo, contribuem com a compreens?o dos processos de diversifica??o nos biomas abertos da Am?rica do Sul. / The ?dry diagonal? is a very diverse and biogeographically important region in South America. However, its diversity is still underestimated and little is known about the processes that originated its biota. To investigate the relevance of geological and climatic events in the diversification processes, we conducted a multilocus range-wide approach for Dermatonotus muelleri, a fossorial frog endemic to the dry diagonal. We found two geographically structured lineages, well defined in both mitochondrial (NAD2) and nuclear (POMC and TMEM) genes. The estimates of lineage divergence, between the Miocene and Pliocene, corroborate the idea that Neogene orogeny events were crucial for the main diversification events in the dry diagonal. The influence of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations appears restricted to population size changes of one of the lineages. A great genetic divergence and distinctive ecological niches between lineages suggest the existence of a cryptic non-described species. Partially contrasting with previous works, our results reinforce the need for additional phylogeographic studies approaching other taxa as the only way to better understand the biogeographic history in the dry diagonal.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-13T20:31:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AllysonSantosDeSouza_TESE.pdf: 3764109 bytes, checksum: 3586d800817b7e154772241a2ea2d533 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-19T15:05:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AllysonSantosDeSouza_TESE.pdf: 3764109 bytes, checksum: 3586d800817b7e154772241a2ea2d533 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-19T15:05:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AllysonSantosDeSouza_TESE.pdf: 3764109 bytes, checksum: 3586d800817b7e154772241a2ea2d533 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O extenso litoral brasileiro ? multipartido em diferentes ecossistemas, compostos por estu?rios, manguezais, sistemas recifais, ilhas costeiras e oce?nicas. Estes ambientes possuem uma ictiofauna bastante diversificada composta por 1.297 esp?cies, das quais aproximadamente 25% representam esp?cies end?micas. Esses n?veis de biodiversidade podem ser incertos, devido a ocorr?ncia de esp?cies cr?pticas e polit?picas e pela aus?ncia de estudos populacionais, sobretudo em esp?cies recifais. Neste sentido, foram analisados aspectos populacionais, taxon?micos e filogen?ticos de esp?cies das fam?lias Pomacentridae (Perciformes) e Carangidae (Carangiformes), distribu?dos ao longo da costa e ilhas oce?nicas brasileiras. As an?lises moleculares e morfom?tricas realizadas em S. variabilis, S. fuscus, S. rocasensis, S. sanctipauli e S. fuscus trindadensis indicaram sinon?mia entre S. rocasensis e S. sanctipauli, e entre S. fuscus e S. fuscus trindadensis. Al?m disso, revelaram a presen?a de uma poss?vel esp?cie cr?ptica que tem sido confundida com S. variabilis. As an?lises populacionais em Abudefduf saxatilis no Atl?ntico Ocidental, incluindo as ilhas oce?nicas, revelam um quadro de panmixia desde a Venezuela at? o sudeste do Brasil, enquanto que as popula??es insulares possuem diferentes n?veis de estrutura??o gen?tica, sobretudo a da Ilha de Trindade. As an?lises gen?ticas na esp?cie polit?pica Caranx lugubris indicaram uma grande popula??o panm?tica no Atl?ntico Ocidental, lan?ando novos dados sobre a origem dos morf?tipos que ocorrem no entorno do Arquip?lago de S?o Pedro e S?o Paulo. Os dados obtidos aprofundam o conhecimento da fauna ?ctica insular do Atl?ntico e servem de subs?dios para o manejo e conserva??o de esp?cies dessas importantes e particulares regi?es oce?nicas. / The extensive Brazilian coast is multi-party in different ecosystems, composed by estuaries, mangroves, reef systems, oceanic and coastal islands. These environments detain a largely diversified ichthyofauna composed by 1,297 species, in which 25% represents endemic species. These levels of biodiversity can be uncertain, because of the occurrence of cryptic and polytypic species and the absence of population studies, especially in reef species. In this sense, population, taxonomical and phylogenetical aspects were analyzed form species of the Pomacentridae (Perciformes) and Carangidae (Carangiformes) families, along the coast and oceanic islands of Brazil. The molecular and morphometric analyzes were performed in S. variabilis, S. fuscus, S. rocasensis, S. sanctipauli and S. fuscus trindadensis indicated synonym among S. rocasensis and S. sanctipauli, and between S. fuscus and S. fuscus trindadensis. Besides that, revealed the presence of a possible cryptic species which has been confused with S. variabilis. The population analyzes in Abudefduf saxatilis at the Western Atlantic, including the oceanic islands, reveals a status of panmixia from Venezuela to the Southeast of Brazil, while the island populations have different levels of genetic structuration, specially the population of the Trindade island. The genetic analyzes in the polytypic species Caranx lugubris indicated a large panmitic population in the Western Atlantic, revealing new data about the origins of the morphotypes that occurs in the surroundings of the Saint Paul Rocks archipelago. The data obtained expands the knowledge over the insular ichthyic fauna of the Atlantic and serves as subsidy to the conservation and management of species of these particular and important oceanic regions.