Demographic transition, population growth, demographic ageing - interrelations and development contexts at the regional level Abstract This thesis aims to examine how the timing and pace of the demographic transition correlated with the timing and pace of ageing at the regional level in Czechia and also to contribute to understanding the determinants and evolution of demographic transition, specifically mortality and fertility decline, and connect it with the population ageing. It is a common belief that ageing is the result of demographic transition, but there is a limited number of studies that investigate the interrelations between these two processes. The greatest challenge was the difficulty in comparing historical and current data caused by changes in the administrative division during 1868-2017. Thus, the recalculation of data was needed to analyse trends in mortality and fertility. 2011 statistical units at the level of districts were chosen as basic units for analysis. The data recalculation was preceded by the reconstruction of historical districts maps and population data estimation for intercensal periods. Data were recalculated using spatial overlays in GIS software and database processing operations both for population and vital statistics. This step was followed by the data analysis....

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Such demographic factors in Europe as low fertility rates, high life expectancy, and the restricted immigration policy have caused European societies to age rapidly and the population of Europe will dramatically decline over the next thirty years. In comparison to Europe, the trend of aging in developing counties, for example in the Middle East and Northern Africa, presents a stark contrast. Taking into account demographic trends like aging, global distribution of the population, and migration, Europe faces increasing geopolitical challenges in the future, based on the cleavages "north versus south," "rich versus poor," and "old versus young." From a domestic point of view of Continental Europe, the demographic factors are responsible not only for a declining workforce but also for increasing retirement rates. The consequences are a decreasing GDP and increasing social welfare costs. So, further development of European armed forces in an uncertain world has to take place in this tense financial situation. Taking the goals of the European Security Strategy into account and considering the necessity that the military capabilities have to be adapted to meet a new threat scenario, this thesis tries to illustrate why Europe has to intensify its efforts of European military integration, mindful of the limitation of demography and politics.

The present study aimed to explore whether demographic variables are predictors of labour review case outcomes. In order to investigate the aim of the present study, two research questions were put forward. The first question centered on whether demographic variables of the parties in a case, are predictors of reviews outcomes. In addition to looking at these broader patterns, the study also focused more specifically on whether the demographic variables of presiding officers predict the outcomes of reviews of CCMA cases. The present study is classified as archival in nature and is quantitative, non-experimental and an ex post facto design. The sample for the present research was gathered by analysing Labour Review Reports that was accessed through the University of the Witwatersrand Library. A sample of 100 case reports was gathered in order to make accurate inferences from the sample about the target population. A Chi-Square test of association was conducted on the data gathered. There was no significant in relation to gender, age and case outcomes. On the other hand, race of the judge, applicant and respondent did provide evidence of significance. However, as a result of insignificance, log linear modelling could not be conducted.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2009. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-112).

The thesis discusses the main issues of demographic transition theory and uses this in a comparative analysis of fertility movements in three socio-economically different Brazilian regions over the twentieth century. The regions are the Northeast and the states of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. The analysis points to a clear movement towards smaller family sizes in all regions. The movement started early in the twentieth century (or before) among white women living in Rio de Janeiro. These women were probably the better off. This behaviour was followed by white Sao Paulo women after about two decades and by the 1980s had reached most women independently of socio-economic status. The diffusion of the value of a small family and the legitimatization of contraception as well as some adjustment to mortality decline seem to have played an important role in this process. Although fertility declined in all regions, a single pattern of fertility change, as delineated by the classical view of demographic transition theory, was not found. Fertility rates were always in movement, declining and increasing. The strategy used for the decline was, mostly, an earlier stopping of reproduction. However, later onset and longer spacing also became important, especially at a more advanced stage of the fertility decline. A clear and single association between socio-economic variables and family size was not observed. Each variable played a somewhat different role in the reproductive behaviour of the three societies. Mass communication contributed to the diffusion of the small family size value. The process of diffusion resulted in a separation of socioeconomic and intermediate variables. This points to the existence of a component of social pressure in the fertility decline. Indications of a continuation of fertility decline in the near future are present. However, hints of a convergence in fertility rates and their stabilization at replacement level were not found. Fertility rates may reach levels below replacement in Rio and Sao Paulo. Regional fertility differences are likely to continue. This suggests the presence of regional and individual preferences in the reproduction process or conscious choice along with some degree of institutional pressure.

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This study investigates the importance of demographic variables and the influence of teachers on the reading literacy performance of Canadian 15-year-olds in a multi-level analysis of the national population as well as its highest and lowest quartiles. A large-scale representative dataset was chosen for these purposes. Multi-level modeling was completed using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (v. 6.08) quantifying the variance present at the student- and school-levels as well as identifying statistically significant correlates for each of the three models examined. Results were consistent with prior research while the use of a quartile-split accessed subpopulations based on achievement that are otherwise not closely examined by national averages. Students’ gender and schools’ SES appear to be the most influential individual factors of those examined, while the positive influence of teachers is a conclusion to be gleaned from this research. / Graduate / 0535 / 0533 / theshawnwthomas@gmail.com

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005. / Thesis Advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Robert E. Looney. Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-140). Also available online.