Magister Chirurgiae Dentium (MChD) / The use of provisional acrylic crowns is common practice with prosthodontic treatment. Provisional crowns are prone to marginal leakage and poor retention due to weak interim cements. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the application of two different dentine-bonding agents on the microleakage of provisional crowns. / South Africa

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / The objectives of this study were to create an in vitro situation which closest resembled the clinical situation by inclusion of human dentine discs at a specified anatomic location as barrier and evaluating if comparable or graded perfusion could be identified as well as whether a link existed between dentine thickness and permeability. The other leg of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Xeno III, one of the newly released new generation dentine bonding agents and to evaluate its cytotoxicity in an in vitro pulp chamber device, determining which thickness of dentine would be able to protect the dental pulp from noxious substances in the bonding agent. / South Africa

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / The demand for posterior aesthetic restorations has dramatically increased in recent years. Several new materials have been developed with improved aesthetic, adhesive and mechanical properties. However, microleakage elimination, especially if the margins are on dentine or cementum, and attainment of optimum mechanical properties for posterior use, are still questionable. The aim of this study was to investigate microleakage and surface microhardness of a nanofilled, a nanohybrid and an ormocer based nano-ceramic composite restorative material. / South Africa

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Amalgam bonding agents have been shown to enhance retention of amalgam restorations by mechanical means. However, recent studies showed that the use o glass ionomer cements and resin cements as lining and bonding materials to amalgam restorations will increase the retentive strength of the amalgam restorations, hence reducing the micro leakage and secondary caries. The purpose of this study was to compare the relative retentive strength of conventional amalgam restorations and bonded amalgam restorations using resin adhesive, glass ionomer cements and resin cements. / South Africa

Over 200 million dental restorations are performed each year in America. A dental restoration require a strong bonding of restoration to tooth structure and relies on the dental adhesive to create this mechanical and chemical bonding. Dental adhesion or bonding is the process of forming an adhesive joint between the composite and tooth substrate: dentin or enamel. Clinical problems such as microleakage at the restoration tooth interface, influx of fluids, or bacteria growth at the cavity wall can be prevented with adhesives that obtain a more intimate bonding. Longevity of the restoration can be enhanced by the adhesive that creates the tight bonding to reduce problems such as postoperative sensitivity, marginal staining, and recurrent caries. The goal of this research project is to investigate the influence of active scrubbing application as compared to passive non-scrubbing application of the etchant component in 4th generation etch-and-rinse adhesive systems. Shear bond stresses have been measured and compared between application techniques. Verification of resin infiltration depth with each etchant application has been examined with scanning electron microscopy by mounting the etched and bonded enamel surface of the tooth in epoxy and slicing the tooth longitudinally producing a transverse, depth-wise view. Results from this study have clarified the role of resin tag formation as well as tooth morphology during an active acid etchant application for dental restoration.

The dental field shows proliferation in the market of new adhesives. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the mechanical properties on total restoration, based on the manufacturer's technical specifications, experimental and mechanical test results. The optimal dentist's selection will be when the most appropriate adhesive can be chosen for one specific restoration, avoiding wasted time, material and exposure to marginal infections with a failure restoration. This research was developed in stages. The first step is the study of the tooth morphological information. Following, there is the structure identification type and the chemical composition of six different pure adhesives. Next, perform the X-R Diffraction, Energy Disperse Spectroscopy (EDS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The final step is to perform the mechanical test, computer simulation, and discuss the results to obtain the best dental adhesive with and the new finding. Result: The samples show an amorphous structure and a chemical composition in the X-R Diffraction, SEM and EDS experiments. The mechanical test shows real mechanical properties under tension and sheer rupture stress. Poisson ratio, strain, and another relationship will be used in the computer simulation test. Results will be reflected in the Discussion and Conclusion. Significance: The first conclusion is that the amorphous structure is present in all six adhesives experiments. In addition, it shows strong possibilities of bonding with another neighbor's molecules. The discussion will be extended to the bonding advantages for this type of structure in the total dental restoration. / Findings: First, we found that the time delay of photo polymerization was controlled with the variable water evaporation of the etching treatment. In addition, it was found that the variable size of the wavelength of the curing light obtained better molecular organization and avoided internal stress and bonding defect. Lastly, the chemical composition was a variable that provided the opportunity to predict the type of bond and strength. / by Raul Vargas. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2008. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2008. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

A resina de silorano e a sua polimerização catiônica apresentam diferenças quanto aos materiais a base de metacrilato. Como materiais restauradores, estes poderiam ser utilizados juntos, no entanto suas moléculas diferentes poderiam provocar incompatibilidade. Por isso é importante avaliar a união interfacial desses materiais tendo como objetivo a comparação da resistência de união a microtração entre camadas de Filtek P90 aderidas a Filtek Z350, Filtek P90 ou Vitremer utilizando Adper Single Bond 2 ou o Sistema Adesivo P90. Os substratos dos espécimes a serem testados foram fabricados utilizando uma matriz de silicone (5mm x 5mm x 2.5mm) e fotoativados por 40 segundos (Blue Star 3, Microdont; 1076mW/cm2). De acordo com o grupo testado, foi usada ou não uma camada de adesivo fotoativado por 10 segundos. O segundo substrato (2,5mm) foi aplicado e fotoativado por 40 segundos. Os espécimes foram secionados com formato de palito, com uma área de 0,64mm2, e armazenados em água destilada a 37ºC por 24 horas. Realizou-se o teste de microtração utilizando a máquina de ensaios universal com uma velocidade de 0,5mm/min. Foi analizado o tipo de fratura resultante. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando ANOVA e o teste de Tukey (p<0.05). A média e desvio-padrão dos resultados da resistência de união em MPa são: G1 Pad (P90/adesivo P90/P90) 50.9±15.3, G2 P (P90/sem adesivo/P90) 40.2±10.2, G3 Z (Z350/sem adesivo/Z350) 62.1±15.2, G4 Ppol (P90/sem adesivo, tira de poliéster/P90) 28.8±9.2, G5 ZadP (Z350/adesivo P90/P90) 62.1±8.2, G6 PSBZ (P90/Single Bond 2/Z350) 37.1±12.5, G7 ZSB (Z350/Single Bond 2/Z350) 54.3±12.3, G8 VitrZ (Vitremer/Single Bond 2/Z350) 37.4±7.4 e G9 VitrP (Vitremer/adesivo P90/P90) 34.9±4.1. Diferença significativa foi observada entre os grupos G2 e G3, e G5 e G6. Não foi observada diferencia significativa entre os grupos G8 e G9, G5 e G7, G1 e G6. Dentro das limitações do estudo, pode-se concluir que a resina de silorano demonstrou propriedades de adesão similares quando aderida com resina de metacrilato. Valores significativamente menores foram observados entre camadas de P90 (G2) quando comparados com Z350 (G3). / Silorane resin and its cationic polymerization are different from resin-based materials. As restorative materials, their use together could cause some incompatibility that raises the question about the importance of interfacial bonding properties. This study aimed to compare the microtensile bond strengths between layers of Filtek P90 bonded with itself, Filtek Z350 or Vitremer using Adper Single Bond 2 and P90 Adhesive System. Initially, substrates for the testing specimens were fabricated using a silicone mold (5mm x 5mm x 2.5mm) and light-cured for 40 s (Blue Star 3, Microdont; 1076mW/cm2). According to the testing group, it was used or not an adhesive layer, light-cured for 10 s. The second increment (2.5mm) was cured for 40 s. The specimens were sectioned in beams with 0.64mm2 cross-sectional area and stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 h. Microtensile bond strength test was performed using a universal testing machine with a 0.5mm/min crosshead speed. Failure modes were assessed. Values were calculated in MPa. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukeys post-hoc tests at a 5% significance level. Microtensile bond strength means and standard deviation are: G1 Pad (P90/P90 adhesive/P90) 50.9±15.3, G2 P (P90/without adhesive/P90) 40.2±10.2, G3 Z (Z350/without adhesive/Z350) 62.1±15.2, G4 Ppol (P90/without adhesive, polyester strip/P90) 28.8±9.2, G5 ZadP (Z350/P90 adhesive/P90) 62.1±8.2, G6 PSBZ (P90/Single Bond 2/Z350) 37.1±12.5, G7 ZSB (Z350/Single Bond 2/Z350) 54.3±12.3, G8 VitrZ (Vitremer/Single Bond 2/Z350) 37.4±7.4 e G9 VitrP (Vitremer/P90 adhesive/P90) 34.9±4.1. Significant difference was showed among G2 and G3, G5 and G6. No significant difference was found between G8 and G9, G5 and G7, G1 and G6. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that silorane composite showed similar bonding properties when bonded with methacrylate-based materials. Significantly lower bond strength was observed between layers of P90 than of Z350.

Orientador: Alessandra Nara de Souza Rastelli / Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da adição de micropartículas (MPs) de vidro bioativo F-18 em diferentes concentrações em três sistemas adesivos sobre o grau de conversão, a umectabilidade e a resistência adesiva dos mesmos, assim como o padrão de falha. Os sistemas adesivos AdperTM ScotchTM Bond Multi Purpose (A), AdperTM Single Bond (3M ESPE) (S), e Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) (C) foram modificados com concentrações de 0 (controle), 1, 2 e 5% de vidro bioativo F-18. Adicionalmente, a distribuição e dispersão das partículas do vidro bioativo foram verificadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Para o grau de conversão, se obtiveram espectros de absorção dos sistemas adesivos curados e não curados. Para o teste da umectabilidade, os sistemas adesivos modificados ou não foram dispensados sobre as superfícies dentinárias de dentes bovinos, e os ângulos de contato foram mensurados por meio de goniômetro. Para o teste de microcisalhamento, foram confeccionados espécimes em resina composta em substrato bovino, sobre os quais os sistemas adesivos, modificados ou não, foram aplicados, sendo feitas as análises de resistência adesiva após 24 horas. O padrão de falha dos espécimes foi analisado em lupa estereoscópica e por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Os resultados foram obtidos e analisados pelo teste de Análise de Variância ANOVA (2 fatores) com pós teste Tukey. Foi observado que não houve diferenças entre os grupos controle e modificados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of F-18 bioactive glass microparticles (MPs) in different concentrations in three adhesive systems on the degree of conversion, wettability and adhesive strength, as well as the failure pattern. Adper™ Scotch™ Bond Multi Purpose, Adper™ Single Bond (3M ESPE), and Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray) adhesive systems were modified with concentrations of 0 (control), 1, 2 and 5% F-18 bioactive glass. In addition, the distribution and dispersion of bioactive glass particles were verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the degree of conversion, absorption spectra of cured and uncured adhesive systems were obtained. For the wettability test, adhesive systems modified or not were dispensed on the dentin surfaces of bovine teeth, and the contact angles were measured by goniometer. For the microshear test, specimens were made in composite resin on bovine substrate, on which adhesive systems, modified or not, were applied, and the adhesive strength tests were done after 24 hours. The failure pattern of the specimens was analyzed in a stereoscopic magnifying glass and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were obtained and analyzed by ANOVA Variance Analysis (2 factors) with Tukey test. It was observed that there were no differences between the control and modified groups (p> 0.05). The predominant failure pattern was adhesive. It was concluded that the addition of F-18 bioactive glass microparticles did not in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

A resina de silorano e a sua polimerização catiônica apresentam diferenças quanto aos materiais a base de metacrilato. Como materiais restauradores, estes poderiam ser utilizados juntos, no entanto suas moléculas diferentes poderiam provocar incompatibilidade. Por isso é importante avaliar a união interfacial desses materiais tendo como objetivo a comparação da resistência de união a microtração entre camadas de Filtek P90 aderidas a Filtek Z350, Filtek P90 ou Vitremer utilizando Adper Single Bond 2 ou o Sistema Adesivo P90. Os substratos dos espécimes a serem testados foram fabricados utilizando uma matriz de silicone (5mm x 5mm x 2.5mm) e fotoativados por 40 segundos (Blue Star 3, Microdont; 1076mW/cm2). De acordo com o grupo testado, foi usada ou não uma camada de adesivo fotoativado por 10 segundos. O segundo substrato (2,5mm) foi aplicado e fotoativado por 40 segundos. Os espécimes foram secionados com formato de palito, com uma área de 0,64mm2, e armazenados em água destilada a 37ºC por 24 horas. Realizou-se o teste de microtração utilizando a máquina de ensaios universal com uma velocidade de 0,5mm/min. Foi analizado o tipo de fratura resultante. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando ANOVA e o teste de Tukey (p<0.05). A média e desvio-padrão dos resultados da resistência de união em MPa são: G1 Pad (P90/adesivo P90/P90) 50.9±15.3, G2 P (P90/sem adesivo/P90) 40.2±10.2, G3 Z (Z350/sem adesivo/Z350) 62.1±15.2, G4 Ppol (P90/sem adesivo, tira de poliéster/P90) 28.8±9.2, G5 ZadP (Z350/adesivo P90/P90) 62.1±8.2, G6 PSBZ (P90/Single Bond 2/Z350) 37.1±12.5, G7 ZSB (Z350/Single Bond 2/Z350) 54.3±12.3, G8 VitrZ (Vitremer/Single Bond 2/Z350) 37.4±7.4 e G9 VitrP (Vitremer/adesivo P90/P90) 34.9±4.1. Diferença significativa foi observada entre os grupos G2 e G3, e G5 e G6. Não foi observada diferencia significativa entre os grupos G8 e G9, G5 e G7, G1 e G6. Dentro das limitações do estudo, pode-se concluir que a resina de silorano demonstrou propriedades de adesão similares quando aderida com resina de metacrilato. Valores significativamente menores foram observados entre camadas de P90 (G2) quando comparados com Z350 (G3). / Silorane resin and its cationic polymerization are different from resin-based materials. As restorative materials, their use together could cause some incompatibility that raises the question about the importance of interfacial bonding properties. This study aimed to compare the microtensile bond strengths between layers of Filtek P90 bonded with itself, Filtek Z350 or Vitremer using Adper Single Bond 2 and P90 Adhesive System. Initially, substrates for the testing specimens were fabricated using a silicone mold (5mm x 5mm x 2.5mm) and light-cured for 40 s (Blue Star 3, Microdont; 1076mW/cm2). According to the testing group, it was used or not an adhesive layer, light-cured for 10 s. The second increment (2.5mm) was cured for 40 s. The specimens were sectioned in beams with 0.64mm2 cross-sectional area and stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 h. Microtensile bond strength test was performed using a universal testing machine with a 0.5mm/min crosshead speed. Failure modes were assessed. Values were calculated in MPa. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukeys post-hoc tests at a 5% significance level. Microtensile bond strength means and standard deviation are: G1 Pad (P90/P90 adhesive/P90) 50.9±15.3, G2 P (P90/without adhesive/P90) 40.2±10.2, G3 Z (Z350/without adhesive/Z350) 62.1±15.2, G4 Ppol (P90/without adhesive, polyester strip/P90) 28.8±9.2, G5 ZadP (Z350/P90 adhesive/P90) 62.1±8.2, G6 PSBZ (P90/Single Bond 2/Z350) 37.1±12.5, G7 ZSB (Z350/Single Bond 2/Z350) 54.3±12.3, G8 VitrZ (Vitremer/Single Bond 2/Z350) 37.4±7.4 e G9 VitrP (Vitremer/P90 adhesive/P90) 34.9±4.1. Significant difference was showed among G2 and G3, G5 and G6. No significant difference was found between G8 and G9, G5 and G7, G1 and G6. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that silorane composite showed similar bonding properties when bonded with methacrylate-based materials. Significantly lower bond strength was observed between layers of P90 than of Z350.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1970.