This study evaluated the ability of photodynamic therapy (PDT), chitosan nanoparticles (CSnp), or their combination, to inhibit bacterial collagenase-mediated degradation of collagen. Rat type 1 fibrillar collagen matrices were untreated or treated with 2.5% glutaraldehyde (GD), 2.5% GD followed by 1% CSnp, 1% CSnp, PDT, or 1% CSnp followed by PDT. Samples, except untreated controls, were exposed to Clostridium histolyticum collagenase. The soluble digestion products were assessed by hydroxyproline assay and the remaining adherent collagen was quantified by picrosirius red (PSR) staining. Collagen treated with CSnp, PDT, or a combination of CSnp and PDT, exhibited less degradation than controls. The abundance of posttreatment residual collagen correlated with the extent of degradation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis showed that PDT treatment enhanced collagen cross-linking. Immunoblotting of sedimented CSnp indicated that CSnp and collagenase bound with low affinity. However, CSnp-bound collagenase showed a significant reduction in collagenolytic activity compared with controls.

This study evaluated the ability of photodynamic therapy (PDT), chitosan nanoparticles (CSnp), or their combination, to inhibit bacterial collagenase-mediated degradation of collagen. Rat type 1 fibrillar collagen matrices were untreated or treated with 2.5% glutaraldehyde (GD), 2.5% GD followed by 1% CSnp, 1% CSnp, PDT, or 1% CSnp followed by PDT. Samples, except untreated controls, were exposed to Clostridium histolyticum collagenase. The soluble digestion products were assessed by hydroxyproline assay and the remaining adherent collagen was quantified by picrosirius red (PSR) staining. Collagen treated with CSnp, PDT, or a combination of CSnp and PDT, exhibited less degradation than controls. The abundance of posttreatment residual collagen correlated with the extent of degradation. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis showed that PDT treatment enhanced collagen cross-linking. Immunoblotting of sedimented CSnp indicated that CSnp and collagenase bound with low affinity. However, CSnp-bound collagenase showed a significant reduction in collagenolytic activity compared with controls.

Bacteria are implicated in endodontic infections. They not only infect the root canal lumen but also invade the dentinal tubules where they may remain untouched by contemporary chemomechanical preparation during root canal therapy. The contentious issue is whether the bacteria within these tubules contribute to secondary infections. Many studies have shown that clinicians fail to completely eradicate them during root canal therapy. At present there are no techniques available to detect the effectiveness of the current chemomechanical treatment regime within dentinal tubules. It is difficult to detect bacteria within the dentinal tubules. Culturing techniques have been used routinely as they are versatile and easy to use. However, they are unable to show the distribution of the bacteria within the dentinal tubules. Scanning electron microscopy, on the other hand, shows detailed surface structure in association with bacteria. Histological examination of root dentine specimens under the light microscope also shows the distribution of bacteria within the specimen but not viability. The dilemma posed by these existing techniques is that the results offer limited information; either demonstrating bacterial viability or bacterial distribution within specimens. No techniques able to show both the viability and the distribution of bacteria within the dentinal tubules have been reported to date. Fluorescent stains, in particular SYTO�9 and propidium iodide (LIVE/DEAD� Baclight[TM] viability kit, Molecular Probes Inc., Eugene, Oregon), have made it possible not only to stain bacteria but to differentiate live and dead bacteria. The combination of these two stains has yet to be applied to dental hard tissue in situ and they provide the basis for this investigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the LIVE/DEAD� Baclight[TM] stains in conjuction with confocal laser scanning microscopy in the development of a technique to evaluate the viability and distribution of bacteria within dentinal tubules. This was extended to demonstrate the application of this technique by examining three different means of root canal disinfection both qualitatively and quantitatively. An important aspect of this study was to maintain bacterial viability, as well as to get maximum bacterial invasion into dentinal tubules. Results indicated that when the root canals were instrumented with Protaper� files and then irrigated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid with cetrimide (EDTAC), there was more bacterial invasion into the dentinal tubules than when the root canals were only irrigated with NaOCl and EDTAC. Daily replenishments of nutrients resulted in deeper bacterial invasion into the dentinal tubules. Bacteria colonized the dentinal tubules up to a distance of 594 � 133 [mu]m from the canal. In the untreated tubules, 96 � 4 % of bacteria remained viable (green-fluorescent), whereas the Amoxicillin-treated tubules contained 94 � 6 % dead (red-fluorescent) bacteria. The calcium hydroxide-treated tubules resulted in 92 � 7 % bacterial death while the laser-treated tubules contained 81 � 12 % dead cells, frequently displaying an inner zone of dead cells surrounded by an outer zone of viable cells. The application of the fluorescent stains combined with confocal microscopy offers a new method for assessing the in vitro efficacy of root canal disinfection regimens.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1983. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-101). Also issued in print.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1983. / Typescript (photocopy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-101).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / A journal entitled Three-dimensional reconstruction of microleakage pattern using a sequential grinding technique by M.S. Gale, B.W. Darvell and G.S.P. Cheung bound at back of the thesis. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 495-520).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:22:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1999-12-03. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:28:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000125689.pdf: 4542822 bytes, checksum: adb0f42e1dcec6f525aa88704508a7b7 (MD5) / O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar e comparar a efetividade da união de dois sistemas adesivos: Scotchbond Multi-Uso Plus (3M) e Etch & Prime 3.0 (Degussa) à dentina bovina antes e após a termociclagem, bem como o de avaliar o tipo de fratura ocorrido na interface dentina/material. Empregaram-se dentes bovinos, que tiveram a superfície vestibular desgastada com lixas de papel de granulação crescente para a exposição da dentina. Os espécimes foram divididos em dois grupos, nos quais aplicou-se os sistemas adesivos e, posteriormente, a resina composta Z100 (3M) por meio de uma matriz de teflon com 4mm de diâmetro. Estes grupos foram subdivididos em dois subgrupos (A e B). O subgrupo A foi submetido ao ensaio mecânico de cisalhamento após 24h e o subgrupo B recebeu a ciclagem térmica, que consistiu de quinhentos ciclos entre 5°C e 55°C, com duração de 30s em cada temperatura, para depois ser submetido ao teste de cisalhamento. O ensaio mecânico foi realizado em máquina lnstron Universal à velocidade de 0,5mm/min. As superfícies fraturadas foram analisadas em estereomicroscópio (Karl Zeiss). A aplicação do teste estatístico ANOVA, ao nível de significância de 0,05, revelou que os valores de resistência de união dos dois sistemas adesivos avaliados não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa e que a utilização da termociclagem não influenciou a resistência adesiva dos materiais testados. O Scotchbond Multi-Uso Plus apresentou predominância de falhas adesivas e o Etch & Prime 3.0 apresentou maior quantidade de fraturas mistas, seguidas pelas fraturas adesivas / The aim of fhe present study was to investigate the shear bond strength of two adhesive systems, Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus (3M) and Etch & Prime 3.0 (Degussa), to bovine dentin, before and after thermal cycling. Bovine incisors were embedded in self-cured resin and labial dentin surfaces were ground with sequential abrasive sandpapers. The specimens were separated into two groups to receive the adhesive systems. A composite resin cylinder (Z100-3M) was bonded to the dentinal surface. The two groups were divided into two more groups (A and B). The subgroup A was shear tested after 24h and the subgroup B was subjected to 500 thermal cycles, between 5ºC and 55ºC, with a dwell time of 30 seconds and, then, shear tested. The bond strength was performed on a Universal lnstron machine 4301, with a load cell of 500 Kg and a speed of 0,5mm/min. The mode of failure were classified. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), at 5% significant level, revealed that there were no significant differences among the bond strength of the two adhesive systems, and that the thermal cycling did not significantly influence strength of the two materials tested. The Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus showed a considerable number of adhesive failures and the Etch & Prime 3.0 showed predominantly mixed fractures, followed by adhesive fractures

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T17:54:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-10-29. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-04-01T18:00:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000860767.pdf: 2569580 bytes, checksum: 600ad569f5d136f8f08c32289c8f1af4 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito da adição de EGCG em adesivo experimental na manutenção da camada híbrida, avaliando suas propriedades mecânicas, físico-químicas e biológica. A primeira etapa do estudo envolveu a manipulação do adesivo com incorporação de EGCG (0,5%, 1,0% e 1,5%) na relação BisGMA 55% / HEMA 45%, canforoquinona 0,5% e DMAEMA 0,5%. O grau de conversão (GC) dos monômeros foi avaliado por Espectroscopia micro-Raman (GC : EGCG 1.5 - 99,11a; EGCG 1.0 - 99,02a; EGCG 0.5 - 96,58ab; Controle - 85,47b). A segunda etapa envolveu a realização de análises mecânicas e físico-químicas [resistência flexural (RF) e módulo de elasticidade (ME); módulo de resiliência (RE) e resistência a compressão(RCo); sorção (A) e solubilidade (S) em água; contração de polimerização (CP)]; teste de resistência à microtração (RA) imediato (24 h) e longitudinal (6 meses); e teste biológico [ensaio de citotoxicidade (CI)]. Os resultados foram: RF, ME, RE, RCo e CP não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos. Os testes de A e S apresentaram redução dos valores para os grupos EGCG 0.5 e 1.0; RA imediato (24 h) não apresentou diferença entre os grupos. Após 6 meses houve redução dos valores somente para os grupos Controle e EGCG 1.5, os grupos EGCG 0.5 e 1.0 mantiveram os valores de RA constantes. CI: a incorporação de EGCG aumentou a viabilidade celular nas diluições de 0,1% e 1,0%, comparado ao grupo Controle. Pôde-se concluir que a incorporação de EGCG independente da concentração não afetou o GC. As concentrações de 0,5% (100 μg/ml) e 1,0% (200 μg/ml) em volume de EGCG é capaz de preservar a camada híbrida formada e prorrogar a longevidade das restaurações em resina composta, além de aumentar a viabilidade celular / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of EGCG in an experimental adhesive to reduce the hybrid layer degradation, through mechanical, physical-chemical and biological analysis. The first step of this study involved manipulation of the adhesive model with the incorporation three different concentrations of EGCG (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) in relation BisGMA 55% / 45% HEMA, 0.5% camphorquinone and 0.5% DMAEMA. The conversion degree (DC) of adhesive monomers was evaluated by micro-Raman spectroscopy (GC: EGCG 1.5 (1.5%) - 99,11a; EGCG 1.0 (1.0%) - 99,02a; EGCG 0.5 (0.5%) - 96,58ab; Control - 85,47b). The second step involved the mechanical and physicochemical analysis [flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus (EM); resiliency modulus (RM) and compressive bond strength (CBS), sorption (A) and solubility (S) in water; shrinkage polymerization (SP)]; microtensile bond strength test (μTBS) immediately (24 h) and longitudinal (6 months) and biological analyze [cytotoxicity assay (CY)]. The results were: FS, EM, RM, CBS and SP showed no significant difference between groups; A and S tests showed reduced values only for EGCG 0.5 and 1.0 groups. RA immediately (24) did not differ between groups. After six months there was a reduction of the values only for the control and EGCG 1.5 groups, EGCG groups 0.5 and 1.0 maintained the RA values. CY: EGCG incorporation increased the cell viability in 0.1% and 1.0% dilutions compared to the control group. It was concluded incorporation of EGCG at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 concentrations did not affect the degree of conversion of the monomers. Thus, the incorporation of 0.5% (100 μg/ml) and 1.0% (200 μg/ml) EGCG amount can preserve the hybrid layer formed and prolong longevity composite resin restorations in addition to increasing cell viability.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-01-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:44:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ricci_ha_dr_arafo.pdf: 2721593 bytes, checksum: 4217c4bca9ee0836b6bc0623a2ea8400 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo geral deste trabalho, o qual foi dividido em três estudos, foi avaliar o efeito da clorexidina (CLX) em diferentes excipientes, etanol e água, na produção e estabilidade mecânica da união resina-dentina afetada por cárie. Materiais e Métodos. No primeiro estudo foi avaliada a influência da CLX em solução aquosa ou alcoólica na umectabilidade da dentina hígida e afetada por cárie por um sistema adesivo. Foram preparadas superfícies planas de dentina em 100 terceiros molares hígidos, das quais 50 foram submetidas ao processo microbiológico de indução de cárie. Dentro de cada condição de substrato, hígido e afetado por cárie, as superfícies foram divididas em 5 grupos (n=10): com smear layer (SL), sem smear layer impregnada com água, sem smear layer impregnada com CLX em água, sem smear layer impregnada com etanol e sem smear layer impregnada com CLX em etanol. Ângulos de contato entre a superfície de dentina e o sistema adesivo Single Bond 2 foram mensurados por meio de um goniômetro, e os dados submetidos aos testes de ANOVA e Tukey ( =0,05). No segundo estudo foi avaliado o efeito da solução de CLX em diferentes excipientes, etanol ou água, na presença de colágeno exposto na união resina-dentina hígida e dentina afetada por cárie. Foram produzidas superfícies planas de dentina em 24 molares humanos hígidos, sendo metade delas cariadas artificialmente. Os dentes foram divididos em 8 grupos (n=3) segundo o tratamento da dentina após o condicionamento ácido (CLX associada a etanol, CLX associada a água, somente etanol ou somente água) e segundo o tipo de substrato utilizado para a adesão. Espécimes foram produzidos de cada dente e preparados histologicamente para coloração com tricrômico de Goldner. A zona de colágeno exposta (ZC) foi quantificada (μm) em... / Purpose. The overall purpose of this work, divided into three studies, was to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) in different excipients, ethanol and water, on the production and mechanical stability of resin-caries affected dentin bonds. Materials and Methods. In the first study, it was evaluated the influence of aqueous and alcoholic solution of CHX on the wettability of noncarious and caries-affected dentin by an adhesive system. Flat dentin surfaces (n=100) were produced, and 50 were submitted to a biological method of artificial caries induction. Within each type of substrate, noncarious and caries-affected dentin, the surfaces were divided into 5 groups (n=10): with smear layer, smear layer-free impregnated with water, smear layer-free impregnated with CHX in water, smear layer-free impregnated with ethanol and smear layer-free impregnated with CHX in ethanol. Contact angles between the dentin surface and the adhesive system Single Bond Plus were measured by using a goniometer and the data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests ( =0.05). In the second study, it was evaluated the effect of CHX in different excipients, ethanol or water, on the collagen exposure in interfaces produced on noncarious and caries-affected dentin. Flat dentin surfaces were prepared in 24 noncarious human molars, and half of them were artificially decayed. The surfaces were divided into 8 groups (n=3) according to the treatment of the dentin after its conditioning with phosphoric acid (CHX in ethanol, CHX in water, water and ethanol) and to the type of substrate used for the adhesive procedures. Specimens were produced from each tooth and histologically prepared to be stained by Goldner’s trichrome. The zone of exposed collagen (CZ) was quantified (μm) under a light microscope and the data submitted to... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-01-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pinto_scs_dr_arafo.pdf: 1652855 bytes, checksum: e425082b3cc9d6d7a4a7cafc420ba051 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os objetivos deste estudo in vitro foram quantificar as alterações da permeabilidade dentinária radicular após imersão dos espécimes de dentina a diferentes ácidos da dieta, e efeitos da escovação com ou sem dentifrício após desafio ácido; Comparar novos métodos de diagnóstico (Tomografia de Coerência Óptica – OCT e Fluorescência Induzida por Luz - QLF) e avaliar um dentifrício contendo alto teor de flúor e um dentifrício contendo 8% de arginina, carbonato de cálcio e monofluorfosfato de sódio como possível tratamento preventivo a erosão dentinária; Quantificar as alterações na permeabilidade dentinária radicular submetida ao tratamento com dentifrício contendo alto teor de flúor e dentifrício contendo 8% de arginina, carbonato de cálcio e monofluorfosfato de sódio como tratamento preventivo ao aumento da permeabilidade dentinária seguidos por desafio ácido. Espécimes de dentina foram confeccionados e submetidos a diferentes métodos para avaliação de túbulos dentinários (permeabilidade dentinária) e superfície da dentina (OCT, QLF e Microdureza Knoop). Os resultados mostraram que: Bebidas ácidas são capazes de causar exposição dos túbulos dentinários, removendo smear layer, e escovação associada ou não a dentifrícios podem diminuir a permeabilidade dentinária quando realizada logo após a ingestão de dieta ácida; O uso de dentifrícios contendo agente dessensibilizante antes de sofrer desafio ácido pode conferir um efeito protetor a superfície de dentina, porém não inibe completamente a progressão da erosão após inúmeros ciclos de exposição a ácidos; Escovação associada a dentifrícios contendo alto teor de flúor ou arginina-carbonato de cálcio são capazes de prevenir desgaste dos dentes e exposição dos túbulos dentinários in vitro. Portanto, os dentifrícios... / The aims of this in vitro study were to quantify alterations in the root dentin permeability submitted to different acids of diet, and brushing effect (sonic brush) with and without dentifrice after acid application; To compare novel detection methods (Optical Coherence Tomography - OCT and Quantitative Light Fluorescence - QLF), as well as to evaluate a high fluoride toothpaste (Duraphat™5000 ppm Fluoride Toothpaste) and a 8% arginine, calcium carbonate, sodium monofluorophosphate toothpaste (Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief™) as a possible preventive treatment for dentine erosion; To quantify alterations in the root dentine permeability submitted to treatment with a high fluoride toothpaste (Duraphat™5000 ppm Fluoride Toothpaste) and 8% arginine, calcium carbonate, sodium monofluorophosphate toothpaste (Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief™) as a preventive treatment for increasing dentine permeability followed by acid challenge. The results showed that acid beverages are able of causing dentinal tubules exposure by smear layer removal. Toothbrushing associated or not to dentifrice can decrease dentin permeability; however this decrease is small when toothbrushing is performed soon after exposure to acid diet; Dentifrice containing desensitizing agents application prior to an erosive challenge seems to confer a protective effect but did not completely inhibit progressive erosion after several The aims of this in vitro study were to quantify alterations in the root dentin permeability submitted to different acids of diet, and brushing effect (sonic brush) with and without dentifrice after acid application; To compare novel detection methods (Optical Coherence Tomography - OCT and Quantitative Light Fluorescence - QLF), as well as to evaluate a high fluoride toothpaste (Duraphat™5000 ppm Fluoride Toothpaste)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)