Oral and dental health illness among children is prevalent, and associated impairments are common. However, the impact of these conditions on the lives of children has yet to be determined. The objective of this study was to carry out the initial development phase for an oral health-related quality of life instrument to assess the impact of oral and dental conditions on children aged 3--5 years. Items were generated through literature review, the use of a conceptual model, and by interviewing parents and health professionals. The most frequent and important items were retained to comprise the Pediatric Oral Health Questionnaire, evaluating five dimensions: physical, functional, emotional, and social status, and impact on the family. This preliminary questionnaire is the first to be developed for the measurement of oral health-related quality of life (QoL) in children.

Objective: To develop a model of chronic jaw muscle allodynia using acidic saline infusion in humans. Methods: Buffered acidic (pH 5.1) or normal (pH 7.2) saline was infused into the masseter of 20 healthy subjects for 20 minutes. Sensory and motor tasks were conducted prior to infusion and 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-infusion. Results: Acidic saline induced mild pain during infusion, discomfort during motor tasks and mild allodynia that lasted for at least 24 hours. These effects were not different from those produced by normal saline. Sensory intensity during infusion was associated with levels of allodynia and sensory intensity during motor tasks for up to 3 days. Conclusion: Infusion of buffered solutions at pH 5.1 or 7.2 into the masseter produce mild pain and long-lasting allodynia and discomfort during jaw function. The intensity of these after-effects was strongly associated with the sensory intensity evoked by the infusion. / Objectif: Le but de cette étude est de développer un modèle humain d'allodynie chronique des muscles de la mâchoire grâce à une perfusion de solution saline acide. Méthodes : Nous avons fait une perfusion pendant 20 minutes soit d'une solution tampon acide (pH 5.1) ou d'une solution saline (pH 7.2) au niveau du masséter chez 20 individus en santé. Des tâches motrices et sensorielles ont été effectuées avant et 1h, 24h, 48h et 72 heures après l'injection. Résultats: La solution tampon acide a induit une douleur modérée pendant la perfusion, un inconfort durant les tâches motrices et de l'allodynie pendant au moins 24 heures. Ces effets ne sont pas différents de ceux produit par l'injection de solution saline. L'intensité sensorielle ressentie pendant la perfusion est associée au niveau d'allodynie et à l'intensité sensorielle au cours des tâches motrices au cours des 3 jours suivants. Conclusion: La perfusion de solution tampon acide (pH 5.1) ou saline (pH 7.2) dans le muscle masséter a produit une douleur modérée, de l'inconfort et de l'allodynie persistante lors du fonctionnement de la mâchoire. L'intensité de ces répercussions est fortement liée à l'intensité sensorielle évoquée par la perfusion.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to test the osteoconductivity of Bone Ceramic® (BC) alloplastic material when used as an onlay graft under biodegradable poly L-lactide, polyglycolide acid (PLA/PGA) chambers (Inion® GTR™, Finland). Materials and Methods: 11 New Zealand white rabbits were used. On each rabbit's mandible, one test sample (BC chamber) was placed on the (right or left) body, while its control sample (empty, E chamber) was placed on the contralateral side. Randomized placement of the test and control samples to the right and left bodies of the mandibles was applied and identified. Twelve weeks postoperatively, the animals were sacrificed and the samples were extracted for analysis. Gross sample assessment, Micro-CT imaging, histology, and histomorphometry were used to analyze the differences between the test and control groups. The parameters evaluated are bone volume, bone surface area, and bone distribution. Results: Comparing the data of the BC and the E groups revealed significant statistical difference. Micro CT analysis showed statistically significant more bone volume in the BC than the E group, (P value < 0.0001). The mean of the bone volume percentage in the BC group was 25.86% compared to 3.12% in the E group. Moreover, histomorphometry showed statistically significant more bone surface area in the test group (mean 20.70%) than the control group (mean 6.23%), P value < 0.0001. Conclusion: BC was found to be osteoconductive when used as an onlay graft under PLA/PGA biodegradable chamber. / Objective: L'objectif de cette étude est d'étudier l'ostéoconductivité du matériel pour greffe allogène Bone Ceramic® utilisé comme onlay sous une chambre de maille (Inion® GTR™, Finlande). Ce matériel est composé principalement de polymères biorésorbables dérivés d'acide lactique et d'acide polyglycolide (PLA/PGA). Les paramètres employés pour l'évaluation des résultats sont le volume et la distribution de la greffe, ainsi que la superficie calcifiée de tissu. Méthodes: 11 lapins blancs de la Nouvelle-Zélande ont été utilisés. Sur chaque lapin, un os en céramique (BC, spécimens d'essai) a été placé dans la chambre d'Inion d'un côté de la mâchoire inférieure. Du côté opposé, une chambre sans os en céramique (Vide, spécimens E) a été placée comme contrôle. Le placement des spécimens du côté droit ou gauche de la mâchoire inférieure a été fait de manière aléatoire. Les chambres ont été fixées à la mâchoire inférieure utilisant des vis en titanium. Environ douze semaines après la procédure, les animaux ont été sacrifiés et les spécimens ont été extraits pour l'analyse. L'évaluation brut, l'imagerie Micro-CT, l'histologie, et l'histomorphométrie ont été employées pour analyser les différences entre les groupes d'essai et les contrôles. Résultats: En comparant les données des groupes BC et E utilisant un test du t à deux queues, une différence statistique significative a été notée. L'analyse Micro-CT a démontré de façon statistiquement significative une plus grande distribution d'os dans le groupe BC que le groupe E (P < 0.0001). La moyenne du volume d'os dans le groupe BC était 25.86% et celle du groupe E, 3.12%. L'histomorphométrie a démontré davantage de formation d'os au groupe d'essai (moyenne 20.70%) qu'au groupe de contrôle (moyenne 6.23%), P < 0.0001. Conclusion: BC est considéré ostéoconducteur quand utilisé comme greffe d'os onlay sous la membrane biorésorbable de

The controversy surrounding the role of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction led to this study. The purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence and compare the status of signs and symptoms of TMJ dysfunction in four groups of adolescents and young adults. The groups consisted of 14 persons with normal occlusions, 23 with untreated malocclusions, 20 with malocclusions currently undergoing treatment, and 18 with treated malocclusions. The Helkimo index was used to collect the TMJ dysfunction data. The results showed that the untreated malocclusion group had the most number of persons with signs and symptoms of dysfunction, but the differences between the groups in the distribution of persons according to the anamnestic and clinical dysfunction indices were not statistically significant. There were also no statistically significant differences in the distribution of signs and symptoms between boys and girls. According to anamnesis, the most frequently reported symptoms were joint sounds and headaches or neckaches occurring more than twice a week. Amongst the clinical signs and symptoms, the<br /> most commonly occurring were joint sounds on auscultation and muscle tenderness on palpation. In light of the small study sample and the absence of any substantial differences between the four groups, the role of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment in the aetiology of TMJ dysfunction remains obscure.

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intranasal sufentanil/midazolam [S/M] and ketamine/madazolam [K/M] for sedation and analgesia in preschool children that require dental surgery [extractions].<br /> <br /> Fifty children [ASA 1] aged 5 &ndash / 7 years, requiring six or more dental extractions under general anaesthesia, were allocated to two groups of 25 children to receive either ketamine 5 mg/kg or sufentanil 20&mu / g intranasally, 20 minutes before induction of surgery in this randomised double-blind study. All the children in both groups in addition concurrently received nasal midazolam 0,3 mg/kg. For induction of anaesthesia, sevoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen, was used.<br /> <br /> S/M was accepted significantly better as a nasal pre-medication [p&lt / 0.05]. Both groups were equally sedated and a smooth mask induction of anaesthesia was experienced in the majority of children. Recovery of children in both groups were similar / 82% of the S/M group were fully recovered 120 minutes post-operatively versus 80% in the K/M group [p&gt / 0,05]. Effective postoperative analgesia for multiple extractions was provided. For pain evaluation, children were divided into two groups, a non-responder group where all pain values over time were more than 40 and a responder group where pain values were equal to, or less than 40. Seventy two percent of children in the S/M group were responders as to fifty two percent in the K/M group [p&gt / 0,05]. No adverse respiratory, cardiovascular or other effects were recorded. This study showed that intranasal administration of sufentanil /midazolam or ketamine/midazolam, provides safe and effective sedation and analgesia in children aged 5&ndash / 7 years undergoing multiple dental extractions.

<p>This thesis covered the fast track assessment of the referred dental patient for conscious sedation in a day clinic. The assessment took in consideration patient information, medical history, anatomical observations, treatment required, phobic aspects and patient expectations.</p>

<p>The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence or absences of the root canal seal had any influence on the retrograde sealing ability of MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate).</p>

<p>There are several categories of dental problems in children that cannot be treated optimally in the office settings and are best managed in the hospital theatre. The ability to treat children in the hospital environment in order to provide comprehensive dental care using general anaesthesia(GA) is a valuable option to the paediatric dentist, despite some degree of risk to the patient. General anaesthesia provides optimum conditions for restorative treatment such as maximum contamination control, immobilization of the patient, efficiency and effectiveness, and elimination of reflexes.</p>

<p>The aim of the study was to analyze oral health status(dental caries, periodontal conditions, fluorosis and malocclusion) of institutionalised children at Amani and Mkombozi street children homes in Moshi town, Tanzania. 100 street children participated. A cross sectional survey of street children between 12-18 years was carried out based on WHO guidelines. Self administered questionnaires were used to collect information from the caregivers.The findings indicate clear need to improve oral hygiene among these children.</p>

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare two different methods of root surface debridement for the treatment of moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis; fluorescence-guided laser debridement using an Er:YAG laser (ERL) or mechanical scaling and root-planing (SRP/UL) using an ultrasonic scaler and hand instruments. The effectiveness of each treatment method was assessed by patient-centred outcomes such as clinical periodontal measurements and patients� overall experience. Methods: This study was a phase IV randomised controlled clinical trial, with all examinations and treatments carried out between 1st February 2007 and 7th March 2008. Using a split-mouth design, each patient received both test and control treatments. The control quadrants received scaling and root planing using a Piezon� (EMS, Nyon, Switzerland) ultrasonic scaler and Gracey curettes, while the test quadrants received fluorescence-guided Er:YAG laser root debridement (Keylaser 3, Kavo, Biberach, Germany; panel settings 160mJ/pulse, 10Hz, water spray, 655nm fluorescence calculus-detection system). Full mouth clinical measurements [plaque index (PlI), probing depth (PD), gingival recession (GR), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL)] were recorded at baseline, and 6 and 12 weeks post-therapy. A patient questionnaire was used to evaluate patient perception in terms of pain, discomfort and satisfaction during treatment, and 24 hours and one week post-treatment. A wash-out period of 6 weeks enabled each patient to evaluate their experience of each treatment on its own merit. Results: Twenty-eight patients received both treatments and completed the patient perception questionnaire. No significant difference was found between ERL and SRP/UL in terms of pain and discomfort during treatment, and 24 hours and one week post-treatment. In terms of patient satisfaction, none of the patients rated ERL more favourably than SRP/UL immediately following treatment, however no significant difference was found 24 hours later and one week post-therapy. Complete clinical data was collected for 22 patients, four of whom increased their tobacco consumption to [greater than or equal to] 10 cigarettes/day. Therefore, the analysis of clinical data was carried out twice with respect to patients� smoking status. In patients who smoked [less than or equal to] 9 cigarettes/day (n = 18 patients), ERL provided less PD reduction at 6 and 12 weeks (p < 0.001, 6 weeks; p < 0.05, 12 weeks) than SRP/UL. Even though SRP/UL quadrants had a greater proportion of sites with BOP (% BOP) at baseline, at 6 weeks they showed a significantly greater reduction in %BOP (p = 0.0123) than ERL quadrants, however there was with no significant difference in bleeding scores (p = 0.202) at 12 weeks post-therapy. When patients who smoked [greater than or equal to] 10 cigarettes/day were included in the analyses (n = 22 patients), ERL resulted in less BOP reduction and PD reduction at 6 and 12 weeks following treatment (BOP reduction: 6 weeks p < 0.05, 12 weeks p < 0.001; PD reduction: 6 weeks p < 0.01, 12 weeks p < 0.05). Although statistically significant, the differences between the treatment groups were very small and were not clinically significant. Conclusion: The use of ERL for root surface debridement offers no significant advantages over mechanical therapy in the treatment of moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis, in terms of clinical outcomes and patient perception of pain, discomfort or satisfaction related to the procedure.