This study briefly reviews both historical and recent conceptualizations of dependency. In particular, it focuses on this concept's applicability to patients with chronic illnesses, especially those with allergies. Type and degree of dependency were seen as an important factor in the approach to the medical and psychological treatment of clinical ecology patients. The purpose of the study was to develop an objective measure of dependency which could quickly identify patients whose dependency conflicts interfere with the treatment process. The study was divided into three phases. In the first phase test responses by 84 inpatients to the CAQ, MMPI, and the HAT as well as historical and demographic data were analyzed by a series of stepwise discriminant analysis. The 53 resulting items were examined for those which most concisely discriminated between the two identified groups (pathologically dependent and nonpathologically dependent). These 15 items were used to test 120 additional patients in phase II. Fourteen items were retained and the coefficients obtained classified the patients in phase I and II with a 98.81 percent and 94.17 percent degree of accuracy respectively. These classification coefficients were used to classify another 30 patients in phase III with a 96.67 percent rate of accuracy. These results provide exceptionally strong support for the hypothesis that group classification can be obtained through the use of an objective screening instrument. The pathologically dependent patients tend to focus on disease, frequently are unemployed, have histories of childhood illnesses, have limited emotional controls, are depressed, ambivalent, and distrustful. Additionally, they experience difficulty establishing goals or accepting personal responsibility. Those patients identified as nonpathologically dependent exemplify the more positive aspects of these traits. The pathologically dependent patients appear to be caught in a dilemma between wellness and satisfaction of dependency needs. While all patients need an organized approach to treatment, the pathologically dependent require an extremely structured repititious approach and may require long term psychological intervention in order to make positive steps toward wellness.

Det finns en problematik kring anmälningsplikten för pedagoger i förskolan i mötet med barn som utsätts för våld i hemmet. Studier pekar på att pedagoger i förskolan i låg utsträckning anmäler till socialtjänsten där det borde ha skett. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka och belysa pedagogers syn på mötet med barn som utsätts för fysiskt våld i hemmet samt att förstå vilket eventuellt stöd pedagogerna anser de behöver i mötet med barn som befinner sig i riskmiljön att fara illa på grund av fysiskt våld i hemmet. Studien är en kvalitativ undersökning med pedagoger. Metoden vi valde att använda oss av för insamlingen av data bestod av kvalitativa intervjuer. Vi genomförde intervjuer med sex pedagoger som har arbetat olika många år inom förskoleverksamheten. Resultatet av studien visar att pedagogerna har olika erfarenheter kring barn som misstänks fara illa av fysiskt våld i hemmet. Relationer framstår som en avgörande faktor i mötet med nämnda barn. En god föräldrakontakt anses vara av vikt och pedagogerna uttrycker även att stödet i arbetslagen är viktigt och detta resulterar i att sammanhållningen i arbetslaget blir bättre. Samarbetet och relationen med socialtjänsten framträder som ett grundläggande stödbehov för att pedagogerna ska känna att de ser till barnets bästa vid en anmälan. / There are concerns relating to the notification requirement for pedagogues in preschool in the meeting with children who are exposed to violence in the home. Studies indicate that the pedagogues in preschool in low extent reports to the social services where it should have been. The aim of this study is to investigate and highlight pedagogues views in the meeting with children who are exposed to physical violence in the home. But also to understand the possible support pedagogues considers that they need in meeting with children who are in the risk environments because of physical abuse in the home. The study is a qualitative research with pedagogues. The method that we selected to use in the data collection consisted of qualitative interviews. We performed interviews with six pedagogues who have been working various many years in the preschool activities. The result of this study shows that the pedagogues have different experiences about children who are in the risk environments to fare badly because of physical abuse in the home. Relationships appear to be a determining factor in the meeting with the children. A good parental contact is considered important and pedagogues expresses teachers also expressed that the support of the work teams is important and this results in the cohesion becomes better in the work team. The cooperation and the relationship with social services appears as a fundamental support necessary for pedagogues to feel that they can see to the child's best in a notification.