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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

電玩遊戲熱衷者的行動意義──以家用主機遊戲的玩家為研究

黃建文, Huang, Chien Wen Unknown Date (has links)
本研究所針對的並非是家用電玩的內容本身,而針對的是那些家用電玩的熱衷者如何進行打電玩這樣一種行動。因此本研究試圖就打電動此行動本身進行實證性研究。以個人的行動出發,在研究對象上所側重的是那些對電玩投入大量的時間與精力的玩家。對於這些長時間專注於電玩上的人,是否清楚自身行動選擇的意義,在這當中的行動背後的意義為何。 / 但在研究中發現,對於這些遊戲熱衷者而言,當他們投注在當中的時間越來越多時,電玩對他們來說已不再是閒暇時所進行的活動,而是作為他們日常生活中慣習的一部份,成為他們每日的例行事項。另一方面,在這些電玩熱衷者的行動中可以明顯的發現到工具理性式的思維,把電玩當作是可以計算的對象一般不斷的進行計算。可以發現,這樣例行的義務與理性的計算使得這些人在玩電玩時,愈加的脫離了遊戲原本的意義。於是在這種工具理性式的思維背後,所顯現出來的就是在當中的慾望壓抑的過程。而重點在於說,當他們進行遊戲的過程時,這樣的工具理性作為一種手段,就是以慾望壓抑的展現作為他的趨力。
142

Desenvolvimento de ferramenta computacional para projeto de canhões de elétrons com grade e shadow-grid, PPM e coletores aplicados em válvulas de micro-ondas de potência e caracterização experimental / Computational development tool for project of electron guns with grids and shadow-grids, PPM and colectors for microwave power valves and experimental characterization

Xavier, César Candido 15 December 2010 (has links)
Neste trabalho analisa-se o problema do transporte do feixe de elétrons em canhões de elétrons, estruturas periódicas de ímãs permanentes e em coletores de simples e múltiplos estágios. Essa análise é de relevância em projetos de dispositivos de micro-ondas de potência dos tipos amplicador klystron e válvula TWT. Determina-se a dinâmica das partículas a partir da solução da equação da trajetória que é derivada da força de Lorentz e da conservação de energia. A equação da trajetória obtida é diferencial de segunda ordem, não-linear e independentemente do tempo para o potencial generalizado. Utiliza-se o método de Runge-Kutta de 4a Ordem para integrar a equação da trajetória das partículas. Obtém-se o potencial escalar elétrico a partir da solução da equação de Poisson. Numericamente, obtêm-se os po- tenciais escalares elétricos e magnéticos, por meio do Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF). Ao longo do movimento de uma partícula, obtida a partir da solução da equação da trajetória, deposita-se carga elétrica. Utilizam-se macropartículas, uma vez que é praticamente impossível modelar cada partícula do problema, a partir do método Partícula na Célula (Particle in Cell - PIC). Neste caso, tem-se um problema acoplado para o potencial escalar elétrico e as trajetórias das macropartículas, uma vez que, as trajetórias das macropartículas dependem dos potenciais e estes, por sua vez, dependem das trajetórias. À convergência deste problema acoplado utiliza-se o Método das Aproximações Sucessivas (MAS). A plataforma desenvolvida, baseada nos métodos acima, compõe-se de duas ferramentas computacionais. A primeira, XMGUN, dedica-se ao projeto de: canhões de elétrons com grades e grades de sombreamento; e coletores de simples e múltiplos estágios considerando, ainda, a emissão de elétrons secundários. A segunda, XMAGUN, volta-se ao projeto de estruturas periódicas com ímãs permanentes. Afere-se o desempenho da ferramenta computacional XMGUN com o diodo plano de Pierce operando na condição em que a corrente é limitada pelas cargas espaciais. Por sua vez, verica-se o desempenho do XMAGUN por meio de simulações com estruturas do tipo PPM separadas pelo vácuo e na presença de pole pieces. Os resultados obtidos em todas as simulações convergiram satisfatoriamente para as soluções analíticas. Utilizando o XMGUN, projeta-se um canhão de elétrons com 30 kV de tensão de anodo e uma perveância de 1,37 Perv com capacidade de fornecer uma corrente elétrica de 7,1 A. Esse canhão tem uma malha com 2796 elementos e 5057 nós. As principais características geométricas do canhão de elétrons são: raio do catodo rc=14,6 mm; raio do disco do catodo rk =6,2 mm; e ângulo do eletrodo de focalização = 37. Neste caso, a velocidade transversal normalizada e o alcance do feixe zw observados são de 0,068 e 26,88 mm respectivamente. Obtém-se uma concordância superior a 93% em corrente e perveância com o EGUN. Utilizando, ainda, o XMGUN, são simulados coletores de simples e múltiplos estágios. O coletor de simples estágio apresenta 1612 nós e 2969 elementos, e o de 4 (quatro) estágios, 2496 nós e 4257 elementos. As tensões dos eletrodos do 1o, 2o, 3o e 4o estágio são de 9,45 kV, 8,65 kV, 6,45 kV e 3,45 kV respectivamente. Durante as simulações, devido à emissão de elétrons secundários, observa-se, para o coletor de simples estágio, macropartículas penetrando na região de deriva, fenômeno este indesejado, e não observado para o coletor de 4 (quatro) estágios. Considerando o XMAGUN, projeta-se um arranjo periódico com pole pieces e 5 (cinco) ímãs permanentes, capaz de fornecer um campo magnético, no centro da estrutura, de 0,42 T. Neste caso, a geometria do arranjo periódico obtida é: raio interno rm1 e externo rm2 do ímã permanente são iguais a 3,5 mm e 7,5 mm respectivamente; raio externo do pole piece r3 = 7,5 mm ; raio interno rf1 e externo rf2 da ponteira do pole piece são 1,6 mm e 3,05 mm respectivamente; espessura do ímã permanente T=2,95 mm; período magnético L =8,5 mm. A remanência do ímã permanente utilizada é de Br=0,85 T. A malha dessa estrutura periódica magnética apresenta pouco mais de 20.000 nós e 40.000 elementos. / In this paper we analyze the problem of transport of the electron beam in electron guns, periodic arrays of permanent magnets and collectors of simple and multiple stages. This analysis is of relevance in the design of power microwave devices such as klystron amplier and TWT valve. The dynamics of particles is determined from the solution of the equation of the trajectory that is derived from the Lorentz force and energy conservation law. The equation of the trajectory obtained is differential of second-order, non-linear and time independent for the generalized potential. It is used the Runge-Kutta 4th order method to integrate the equation of the trajectory of the particles. The electric scalar potential is obtained from the solution of the Poisson equation. Numerically, we obtain the electric and magnetic scalar potentials, using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Throughout the motion of a particle, obtained from the solution of the equation of the trajectory, electrical charge it is deposited. Macroparticles are used, since it is virtually impossible to model each particle of the problem, based on Particle in Cell scheme (Particle in Cell - PIC). In this case, there is a coupled problem for the electric scalar potential and the trajectories of the macroparticles, since these trajectories depend on the potential and the potential, in turn, depends on the trajectories. In order to abtain the convergence of this coupled problem, it used the Method of Successive Approximations (MSA). The platform developed, based on the above methods, consists of two computational tools. The rst, XMGUN, is dedicated to the project of: electron guns with grids and shadow-grids, and collectors of simple and multiple stages, where secondary electrons emission is considered. The second, XMAGUN, is used to the design of periodic permanent magnets structures. The XMGUN was benchmarked against the plan Pierce diode under space charge limited condiction. In turn, the XMAGUN was benchmarked against PPM like structures, separated by a vacuum and in the presence of pole pieces. The results, in all simulations, converged satisfactorily to the analytical solu- tions. Using XMGUN, it is designed an electron gun with 30 kV anode voltage, 1.37 Perv capable of supplying an electric current of 7.1 A. This gun has a mesh with 2796 elements and 5057 nodes. The main geometric characteristics of the electron gun are: cathode radius rc = 14.6 mm; cathode disc radius rk = 6.2 mm; and half cone angle = 37. In this case, the normalized transverse velocity and beam-waist distance from anode zw are 0.068 and 26.88 mm respectively. An agreement above 93% in current and perveance is found when compared with EGUN. XMGUN is also used to simulate single and multi stage collectors. The single-stage collector has 1612 nodes and 2969 elements, while the 4 (four) stages collector has 2496 nodes and 4257 we elements. The collector electrode voltages of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th stage are 9.45 kV 8.65 kV 3.45 kV 6.45 kV, respectively. During the simulations, due to yield of secondary electrons, for the single stage collector, it is observed macroparticles entering into the drift region, a phenomenon unwanted, and not observed for the 4 (four) stage collector. Whereas XMAGUN is projected at a periodic arrangement with pole pieces and 5 (ve) permanent magnets, capable of providing a magnetic eld in the center of the structure was 0.42 T. In this case, the geometry of the periodic arrangement is obtained: inner and outer radius of the permanent magnet rm1 = 3.5 mm and 7.5 mm respectively rm2 =; outer radius of the pole piece r3 = 7.5 mm, internal radius and external tip of the pole piece rf1=rf2 =1.6 mm and 3.05 mm respectively; permanent magnet thickness T = 2.95 mm magnetic period L = 8.5 mm. The remanence of the permanent magnet used is Br = 0.85 T. The net periodic structure of magnetic features little more than 20,000 nodes and 40,000 elements.
143

Exploring the Relationship Between Resistance Training and Resilience in Black/African American Men With Depressive Symptoms

Louie, Mark Edward January 2019 (has links)
This dissertation was a sub-study of a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded randomized clinical trial (R21 NR016112) that examined the effects of resistance training (RT; i.e., weight lifting) on depression in Black/African American (AA) men. The focus of this study was to examine resilience in that population. Resilience is one’s ability to adapt, withstand, and grow in the face of adversity and stress, and it is thought to be inversely associated with stress-related mental illness. Previous research has linked resilience with other intrapersonal factors such as physical self-concept (PSC), and mastery experiences, yet no study has examined the role exercise might play in these relationships. Purpose: To conduct the first study to examine the effects of RT on resilience and PSC, and to explore how mastery experiences might affect these variables. Methods: Twenty-nine participants in the parent study were randomized into either a 12-week RT group or time-matched control. Both groups were required to attend two on-site sessions per week (i.e., 24 total sessions), and all completed questionnaires at three time points (baseline, week 6, week 13). Changes in resilience, PSC, and mastery were analyzed using a series of linear mixed models. Results: There was a significant effect of Time (t = 2.3, p = .02) for resilience, such that the mean score significantly increased by 2.9 points from baseline to the Week 13 in the aggregated sample. There was no significant effect of Group; however, the resistance training group significantly increased their resilience from baseline to Week 13 (p < .01). There was a significant effect of Group (t = 2.5, p = .02) and Time (t= 2.4, p < .01) on PSC from baseline to Week 13. In addition, the results revealed that for every 1-unit increase in PSC from baseline to Week 13, there was a 0.1-point increase in resilience for the aggregated sample. Mastery was not related to any outcome. Conclusion: Results suggest that RT has the potential to influence both resilience and PSC. Furthermore, changes in PSC appeared to be associated with changes in resilience. Future research will be needed to better understand these associations.
144

Desenvolvimento de ferramenta computacional para projeto de canhões de elétrons com grade e shadow-grid, PPM e coletores aplicados em válvulas de micro-ondas de potência e caracterização experimental / Computational development tool for project of electron guns with grids and shadow-grids, PPM and colectors for microwave power valves and experimental characterization

César Candido Xavier 15 December 2010 (has links)
Neste trabalho analisa-se o problema do transporte do feixe de elétrons em canhões de elétrons, estruturas periódicas de ímãs permanentes e em coletores de simples e múltiplos estágios. Essa análise é de relevância em projetos de dispositivos de micro-ondas de potência dos tipos amplicador klystron e válvula TWT. Determina-se a dinâmica das partículas a partir da solução da equação da trajetória que é derivada da força de Lorentz e da conservação de energia. A equação da trajetória obtida é diferencial de segunda ordem, não-linear e independentemente do tempo para o potencial generalizado. Utiliza-se o método de Runge-Kutta de 4a Ordem para integrar a equação da trajetória das partículas. Obtém-se o potencial escalar elétrico a partir da solução da equação de Poisson. Numericamente, obtêm-se os po- tenciais escalares elétricos e magnéticos, por meio do Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF). Ao longo do movimento de uma partícula, obtida a partir da solução da equação da trajetória, deposita-se carga elétrica. Utilizam-se macropartículas, uma vez que é praticamente impossível modelar cada partícula do problema, a partir do método Partícula na Célula (Particle in Cell - PIC). Neste caso, tem-se um problema acoplado para o potencial escalar elétrico e as trajetórias das macropartículas, uma vez que, as trajetórias das macropartículas dependem dos potenciais e estes, por sua vez, dependem das trajetórias. À convergência deste problema acoplado utiliza-se o Método das Aproximações Sucessivas (MAS). A plataforma desenvolvida, baseada nos métodos acima, compõe-se de duas ferramentas computacionais. A primeira, XMGUN, dedica-se ao projeto de: canhões de elétrons com grades e grades de sombreamento; e coletores de simples e múltiplos estágios considerando, ainda, a emissão de elétrons secundários. A segunda, XMAGUN, volta-se ao projeto de estruturas periódicas com ímãs permanentes. Afere-se o desempenho da ferramenta computacional XMGUN com o diodo plano de Pierce operando na condição em que a corrente é limitada pelas cargas espaciais. Por sua vez, verica-se o desempenho do XMAGUN por meio de simulações com estruturas do tipo PPM separadas pelo vácuo e na presença de pole pieces. Os resultados obtidos em todas as simulações convergiram satisfatoriamente para as soluções analíticas. Utilizando o XMGUN, projeta-se um canhão de elétrons com 30 kV de tensão de anodo e uma perveância de 1,37 Perv com capacidade de fornecer uma corrente elétrica de 7,1 A. Esse canhão tem uma malha com 2796 elementos e 5057 nós. As principais características geométricas do canhão de elétrons são: raio do catodo rc=14,6 mm; raio do disco do catodo rk =6,2 mm; e ângulo do eletrodo de focalização = 37. Neste caso, a velocidade transversal normalizada e o alcance do feixe zw observados são de 0,068 e 26,88 mm respectivamente. Obtém-se uma concordância superior a 93% em corrente e perveância com o EGUN. Utilizando, ainda, o XMGUN, são simulados coletores de simples e múltiplos estágios. O coletor de simples estágio apresenta 1612 nós e 2969 elementos, e o de 4 (quatro) estágios, 2496 nós e 4257 elementos. As tensões dos eletrodos do 1o, 2o, 3o e 4o estágio são de 9,45 kV, 8,65 kV, 6,45 kV e 3,45 kV respectivamente. Durante as simulações, devido à emissão de elétrons secundários, observa-se, para o coletor de simples estágio, macropartículas penetrando na região de deriva, fenômeno este indesejado, e não observado para o coletor de 4 (quatro) estágios. Considerando o XMAGUN, projeta-se um arranjo periódico com pole pieces e 5 (cinco) ímãs permanentes, capaz de fornecer um campo magnético, no centro da estrutura, de 0,42 T. Neste caso, a geometria do arranjo periódico obtida é: raio interno rm1 e externo rm2 do ímã permanente são iguais a 3,5 mm e 7,5 mm respectivamente; raio externo do pole piece r3 = 7,5 mm ; raio interno rf1 e externo rf2 da ponteira do pole piece são 1,6 mm e 3,05 mm respectivamente; espessura do ímã permanente T=2,95 mm; período magnético L =8,5 mm. A remanência do ímã permanente utilizada é de Br=0,85 T. A malha dessa estrutura periódica magnética apresenta pouco mais de 20.000 nós e 40.000 elementos. / In this paper we analyze the problem of transport of the electron beam in electron guns, periodic arrays of permanent magnets and collectors of simple and multiple stages. This analysis is of relevance in the design of power microwave devices such as klystron amplier and TWT valve. The dynamics of particles is determined from the solution of the equation of the trajectory that is derived from the Lorentz force and energy conservation law. The equation of the trajectory obtained is differential of second-order, non-linear and time independent for the generalized potential. It is used the Runge-Kutta 4th order method to integrate the equation of the trajectory of the particles. The electric scalar potential is obtained from the solution of the Poisson equation. Numerically, we obtain the electric and magnetic scalar potentials, using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Throughout the motion of a particle, obtained from the solution of the equation of the trajectory, electrical charge it is deposited. Macroparticles are used, since it is virtually impossible to model each particle of the problem, based on Particle in Cell scheme (Particle in Cell - PIC). In this case, there is a coupled problem for the electric scalar potential and the trajectories of the macroparticles, since these trajectories depend on the potential and the potential, in turn, depends on the trajectories. In order to abtain the convergence of this coupled problem, it used the Method of Successive Approximations (MSA). The platform developed, based on the above methods, consists of two computational tools. The rst, XMGUN, is dedicated to the project of: electron guns with grids and shadow-grids, and collectors of simple and multiple stages, where secondary electrons emission is considered. The second, XMAGUN, is used to the design of periodic permanent magnets structures. The XMGUN was benchmarked against the plan Pierce diode under space charge limited condiction. In turn, the XMAGUN was benchmarked against PPM like structures, separated by a vacuum and in the presence of pole pieces. The results, in all simulations, converged satisfactorily to the analytical solu- tions. Using XMGUN, it is designed an electron gun with 30 kV anode voltage, 1.37 Perv capable of supplying an electric current of 7.1 A. This gun has a mesh with 2796 elements and 5057 nodes. The main geometric characteristics of the electron gun are: cathode radius rc = 14.6 mm; cathode disc radius rk = 6.2 mm; and half cone angle = 37. In this case, the normalized transverse velocity and beam-waist distance from anode zw are 0.068 and 26.88 mm respectively. An agreement above 93% in current and perveance is found when compared with EGUN. XMGUN is also used to simulate single and multi stage collectors. The single-stage collector has 1612 nodes and 2969 elements, while the 4 (four) stages collector has 2496 nodes and 4257 we elements. The collector electrode voltages of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th stage are 9.45 kV 8.65 kV 3.45 kV 6.45 kV, respectively. During the simulations, due to yield of secondary electrons, for the single stage collector, it is observed macroparticles entering into the drift region, a phenomenon unwanted, and not observed for the 4 (four) stage collector. Whereas XMAGUN is projected at a periodic arrangement with pole pieces and 5 (ve) permanent magnets, capable of providing a magnetic eld in the center of the structure was 0.42 T. In this case, the geometry of the periodic arrangement is obtained: inner and outer radius of the permanent magnet rm1 = 3.5 mm and 7.5 mm respectively rm2 =; outer radius of the pole piece r3 = 7.5 mm, internal radius and external tip of the pole piece rf1=rf2 =1.6 mm and 3.05 mm respectively; permanent magnet thickness T = 2.95 mm magnetic period L = 8.5 mm. The remanence of the permanent magnet used is Br = 0.85 T. The net periodic structure of magnetic features little more than 20,000 nodes and 40,000 elements.
145

The effect of depression and adherence in a dietary and physical activity intervention for overweight and obese adults

Abascal, Liana B. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 11, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-76).
146

憂鬱傾向者之微博書寫分析 / Search for Depress Tendency: An Analysis on Chinese Micro-Blog Texts

任喆鸝, Ren, Zhe Li Unknown Date (has links)
本文嘗試透過社群媒體微博進行憂鬱書寫識別,主要期望回答兩方面的問題:(一)中國憂鬱人群之社群媒體書寫特質為何?(二)如何透過該書寫特質識別更多的憂鬱文本? 透過對十位已確認之憂鬱症患者之微博關係圈進行滾雪球,發現 127憂鬱傾向者,共爬取憂鬱傾向者之微博文本20748則,作為文本分析之數據集,並運用內容分析、質化分析、詞頻分析及詞語共現等多種方法分析文本。 分析結果顯示:(1)透過對文本進行語調、情緒、主題及憂鬱程度的編碼後,我們發現憂鬱傾向者在微博之書寫含62%的負面語調及25.1%的憂鬱文本,其中,負面及憂鬱程度較高的書寫主題是「自我」、「親情」、「自殺」及「睡眠障礙」。(2)深入對「自我」及「親情」憂鬱書寫的質化分析後,發現他們不同於一般人的心理特質,其中,「自我厭惡」及「不被理解」是他們心中最難以釋懷的角落。(3)由於「自殺」、「睡眠障礙」屬於憂鬱人群特徵,經過分析發現透過主題關聯詞的共現詞組有助於辨識憂鬱人群,其中,「睡眠障礙」共現詞的憂鬱文本辨識度達74%,「自殺」共現詞的憂鬱文本辨識度達34%,未來透過機器的方式,可進一步優化該方法,提升憂鬱文本的辨識度。 / This research aims to answer the following questions:(1)What are the characteristics of micro-blog writing by the depressed tendency people? (2)How to identify the text in social media? Ten Wei-bo users with identified depressed tendency were chosen as starting points of snow-ball searching, and 127 users were located. A total of 20748 messages from this group of the users was collected as the dataset. Multiple methods were applied to analyze the texts: content analysis, qualitative text analysis, word frequency analysis and word co-occurrence. The result indicated that: (1)Through the coding of the text tone, mood, theme and degree of depression, we find out that in micro blog writing, the depressive tendency uses 62% of the negative tone and 25.1% of the blue text. Among them, higher negative and degree of depression of writing subjects are "self", "family", "suicide" and "sleep disorder". (2)Through deep qualitative analysis of "self" and "affection" depressed writing, the "self loathing" and "don't understand" in their mind are the most unforgettable. (3)Because the depressed people have the features of "suicide" and "sleep disorder", through the analysis, we find that through theme related words, it is helpful in the identification of the depression text. Among them, the "sleep disorders" co-occurrence words depressed text identification is up to 74%, and "suicide" co-occurrence words depressed text identification degree is 34 %.In the future, through the computer, we can further optimize the method, and enhance the degree of identification of depression text.
147

The relationship between suicidality, major depressive disorder, and alcohol involvement among Chinese-, Korean-, and White-American college students

Ebberhart Duranceaux, Nicole Cassaundra. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, and San Diego State University, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 2, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-76).
148

[Reduction of depression through participation in selected spiritual discipline] /

Jo, Young Sung, January 2004 (has links)
Applied research project (D. Min.)--School of Theology and Missions, Oral Roberts University, 2004. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-160).
149

Reduction of depression through participation in selected spiritual discipline /

Jo, Young Sung, January 2004 (has links)
Applied research project (D. Min.)--School of Theology and Missions, Oral Roberts University, 2004. / Includes abstract and vita. Translated from Korean. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-202).
150

O caminho novo : o Vale Histórico da Serra da Bocaina - opulência e decadência da sub-região paraibana paulista (reintegração de um espaço geográfico 'deprimido') /

Antonio Filho, Fadel David. January 2009 (has links)
Banca: Adler Guilherme Viadana / Banca: Silvio Carlos Bray / Banca: José Bueno Conti / Banca: Maria Geralda de Almeida / Banca: Oswaldo Bueno Amorim Filho / Resumo: A pesquisa resgata o trecho paulista do "Caminho Novo", antiga estrada geral de São Paulo, ligação terrestre com o Rio de Janeiro, a partir do século XVIII. No chamado Vale Histórico da Serra da Bocaina, cujo relevo se apresenta muito movimentado, a cultura do café penetrou em território paulista. Esta sub-região do Vale do Paraíba tornou-se uma das mais prósperas do país. A fase posterior, de queda na produção cafeeira, transformou-a numa região "deprimida" e estagnada. Atualmente, existem esforços para, através dos diversos ramos do turismo, reativar e dinamizar esta região vale-paraibana paulista, de modo a reintegrá-la ao pujante sistema econômico de São Paulo. / Abstract: The research rescues part of Paulista's "New Way", an old general highway of Sao Paulo, a linking land conection with Rio de Janeiro, from eighteenth century on. Through the known as Historical Bocainas's Valley, whose relief presents itself as a turnover, the coffee culture penetrated in the paulista's territory. This sub-region of Paraíba's Valley became one of the most prosperous regions of the Country. The later faze, of a drop in coffee production, transformed it in a depressed and stagnant region. Currently there are efforts, through various branches of tourism, and re-energize the region of Paraibana Paulista valley, to reinstate her to the vibrant economic system of São Paulo.

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