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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第20109号 / 文博第734号 / 新制||文||643(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院文学研究科行動文化学専攻 / (主査)教授 吉田 豊, 教授 吉田 和彦, 准教授 千田 俊太郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(文学) / 甲第21492号 / 文博第797号 / 新制||文||673(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院文学研究科行動文化学専攻 / (主査)准教授 千田 俊太郎, 教授 吉田 和彦, 教授 吉田 豊, 教授 加藤 昌彦 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DGAM

Karbi is a Tibeto-Burman (TB) language spoken by half a million people in the Karbi Anglong district in Assam, Northeast India, and surrounding areas in the extended Brahmaputra Valley area. It is an agglutinating, verb-final language. This dissertation offers a description of the dialect spoken in the hills of the Karbi Anglong district. It is primarily based on a corpus that was created during a total of fifteen months of original fieldwork, while building on and expanding on research reported by Grüßner in 1978. While the exact phylogenetic status of Karbi inside TB has remained controversial, this dissertation points out various putative links to other TB languages. The most intriguing aspect of Karbi phonology is the tone system, which carries a low functional load. While three tones can be contrasted on monosyllabic roots, the rich agglutinating morphology of Karbi allows the formation of polysyllabic words, at which level tones lose most of their phonemicity, while still leaving systematic phonetic traces. Nouns and verbs represent the two major word classes of Karbi at the root level; property-concept terms represent a subclass of verbs. At the heart of Karbi morphosyntax, there are two prefixes of Proto-TB provenance that have diachronically shaped the grammar of the language: the possessive prefix a- and the nominalizer ke-. Possessive a- attaches to nouns that are modified by preposed elements and represents the most frequent morpheme in the corpus. Nominalization involving ke- forms the basis for a variety of predicate constructions, including most of Karbi subordination as well as a number of main clause constructions. In addition to nominalization, subordination commonly involves clause chaining. Noun phrases may be marked for their clausal role via -phān `non-subject' or -lòng `locative' but frequently remain unmarked for role. Their pragmatic status can be indicated with information structure markers for topic, focus, and additivity. Commonly used discourse constructions include elaborate expressions and parallelism more generally, general extenders, copy verb constructions, as well as a number of final particles. Audio files are available of the texts given in the appendices, particular examples illustrating phonological issues, and phonetic recordings of tone minimal sets. Supplemental files are located at: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/13657

This work presents a first study of discourse features in Balochi narratives of Sistan. Discourse analysis investigates what are the properties that make for well-formed texts in a language. There are many approaches to discourse analysis and most approaches focus on a particular aspect of text formation. The approach to text linguistics or discourse analysis taken in this work is based on Dooley and Levinsohn’s Analyzing Discourse: A manual of basic concepts (2001). Their methodology has been refined over years of practical use and, among diverse methodologies, they follow a functional and cognitive approach. In this dissertation, Roberts’ (2009) application of Dooley and Levinsohn’s methodology to Persian is followed in the study of our Sistani Balochi text corpus. In chapters 2-7 this approach is applied to Balochi narrative text. Chapter two introduces the reader to the discourse-pragmatic structuring of sentences in BS and chapter three shows how different syntactic devices can distinguish foreground and background information in BS oral texts. In chapter four we study the deixis of time and place and how the concept of proximal and distal deixis applies across a range of deictic elements. Chapter five examines some basic connectives and how they link propositions in the discourse context, and in chapter six reported speech is studied. Chapter seven illustrates how different participants are introduced into a discourse and how their activation status is signalled throughout the discourse. Appendix 1 contains details of the Balochi text-corpus used, and Appendix 2 contains interlinearized versions of ten of the main texts used in the study. A CD with nine audio files and one video file of the ten texts from Appendix 2, plus one extra video file, is also included.

En el presente artículo, propongo una metodología y ofrezco algunas recomendaciones de carácter práctico para realizar trabajo descriptivo con lenguas poco estudiadas, a partir de mi propia experiencia de campo en la Amazonía occidental. Los temas desarrollados aquí incluyen la evaluación y uso de la literatura lingüística disponible, la preparación para la permanencia en el campo, el trato con los hablantes de la lengua en cuestión, las técnicas de recolección de datos y la escritura del trabajo descriptivo. El énfasis del artículo se centra en la búsqueda de estrategias para que la recolección de materiales sea lo más objetiva y rigurosa posible y para que las descripciones sean más responsables y confiables.---In this article, I propose a methodology and some practical recommendations to make descriptive fieldwork with little-described languages based on my own field experience in the Western Amazonia. The topics I develop here include the evaluation and use of the linguistic literature available, the preparation for the permanence in the field, the relationship with the language speakers, the techniques for gathering data and the process of writing a descriptive piece of work. I try to stress the importance of strategies to make the collection of the data as objective and rigorous as possible and the description as responsible and reliable as it can be.

La présente thèse a deux objectifs principaux. Le premier objectif est de proposer une description de la phonologie et de la morphologie de base pour l’ensemble des parlers B20 connus à ce jour (16 au total). Le deuxième objectif est de mettre au jour de nouveaux critères, non lexicaux, en vue de l’amélioration et de la consolidation de la classification interne de ce groupe resté largement inconnu pendant longtemps.Les parlers B20 sont tous relativement proches les uns des autres, de tous les points de vue. Par conséquent, trouver des critères non lexicaux pour faire avancer les connaissances dialectologiques n’est pas chose aisée. Seule une description fine peut permettre de le faire. Je me suis focalisée sur la phonologie des parlers, sans ignorer pour autant ce que j’avais pu collecter comme données sur la morphologie nominale (classes nominales et PN) et verbale. La première grande partie de la thèse présente l’essentiel des résultats de cette étude fastidieuse. Ces résultats ont à leur tour alimentés l’étude présentée dans la seconde grande partie, consacrée elle à la dialectologie et plus précisément à la recherche de nouveaux critères pouvant être utiles pour la classification interne. L’étude des critères potentiellement utiles pour la dialectologie a révélé que les critères morphologiques retenus tendent à mieux confirmer les propositions de classification interne existantes (et établis sur la base de données lexicales) que les différents critères phonologiques. Si les premiers ont globalement tendance à corroborer les deux, voire trois sous-groupes proposés notamment par Grollemund (2012) et confirmer, indirectement, le caractère flottant du B20 (Bastin & Piron, 1999), les derniers révèlent une disparité bien plus grande au sein du groupe kota-kele. Cette thèse présente d’autres atouts. Elle constitue une contribution importante au travail de documentation des langues bantu menacées de disparition. En plus des nombreuses informations d’ordre linguistique, culturel et historique, la thèse apporte aussi sa pierre à l’édifice quant à l’élaboration d’un atlas linguistique du Gabon et à la classification des langues de ce pays. / This doctoral dissertation has two main objectives. The first objective is to provide a description of the phonology and morphology base for all B20 dialects known to date (16 in total). The second objective is to uncover new criteria, nonlexical, for the improvement and consolidation of the internal classification of this group which has remained largely unknown for long.B20 dialects are all relatively close to each other, from all points of view. Therefore, finding nonlexical criteria to improve our understanding of the dialectological structure of this group is not an easy task. Only thorough linguistic description can change this. I focused on the phonology of the dialects, but did not ignore data about noun morphology (nominal classes and noun prefixes) and very basic verb morphology. The first major part of the thesis presents the results of this fastidious study. These results in turn are the basis for the study presented in the second major part which is comparative in nature and dedicated to dialectology and the search for potentially useful new criteria for the improvement of the internal classification of the group.The careful study of potentially useful criteria for dialectology revealed that the selected morphological criteria tend to better confirm existing internal classification proposals (mainly based on lexical data) than the various phonological criteria. If the former generally tend to corroborate the two or three subgroups proposed earlier (particularly by Grollemund (2012)) and confirm, indirectly, the floating nature of the B20 (Bastin and Piron, 1999), the latter clearly reveal a much larger disparity within the Kota-Kele group.This doctoral dissertation also has other assets. It is an important contribution to the ongoing documentation of Bantu languages, many of them being currently threatened with extinction. In addition to extensive linguistic, cultural and historical information, the thesis also wants to make a significant contribution to the development of a linguistic atlas of Gabon and to the classification of the Gabonese languages.

La documentation et description du huastèque du sud-est (code d’Ethnologue HSF), une langue Maya du Mexique, est un projet doctoral en cotutelle entre l’ University of Sydney, Australie et l’Université Lyon 2 Lumière, France. La première partie de cette these (le Volume 1) consiste en la description grammaticale de cette langue Maya: sa phonologie, sa morphologie et sa syntaxe, ainsi que la description de l’expression de l’espace dans cette langue. Le Volume 2 de cette thèse représente les contes en HSF, une description deétaillée du projet de documentation, un long résumé en français, et les matériels pour la revitalisation de la langue. / The documentation and description of South Eastern Huastec (Ethnologue code HSF), a Mayan language from Mexico, is a PhD project carried out in cotutelle between the University of Sydney, Australia and the Université Lyon 2 Lumière, France. The first part (the Volume 1) of this thesis is a grammatical description of this Mayan language: its Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax, as well as its Space encoding. The second volume (the Volume 2) of this thesis comprises HSF stories, a detailed description of the documentation project, a detailed summary in French, and the HSF revitalization materials.

Dealing with the bibliographies and publications about and by J. L. Krapf, especially in the archives of the Basle Mission I was astonished and I got the feeling that such an amount and such a variety of work could not have been done by one person only. At fist, Krapf was a missionary by profession. He and Rebmann were called the pioneers of the East-African mission. Beyond this, however, different missionary societies were encouraged by the publications and proposals of Krapf to work in East Africa, e.g. the Church Missionary Society in the service of which Krapf and Rebmann started their work in Rabai Mpya, the Swedish Evangelical mission, the Methodist Mission, the St. Crishona Mission, the Hermannsburg Mission and the Berlin Evangelical Mission. Though all biographers cannot avoid to state that Krapf did not convince more than two (some biographies speak about only one) persons to the Christian belief during all of his missionary life there is no doubt that Krapfs visions influenced missionary work in East Africa. We can say that he was a strategist of Christian mission in East Africa

DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE SERIAL VERB CONSTRUCTIONS IN ARABIC Konstrukce sériových sloves v arabštině Bc. Adam Pospíšil Abstract The aim of this thesis is to investigate multi-verb structures in Egyptian Arabic (EA) which show some characteristics attributed to the typological notion of serial verb constructions (SVC). After providing a preliminary definition of an EA-specific SVC notion, the author examines a substantial quantity of data from EA, gathered mostly on social networks, in order to describe the syntactic and semantic behavíour of constructions which are yielded by such definition. Finally, the results of this investigation are considered from the perspective of the definition of SVC as a comparative concept provided by Haspelmath (2016), so as to view the observed constructions in a typological context.