Along with rising energy prices and increasing awareness of environmental issues, the criteria for buildings energy performance have been sharpened through the years. Today, “passive house” and “low energy house” are commonly used phrases in the construction industry and is expected to become increasingly common in the future. For houses with well-insulated building envelope the importance of well constructed details increases when minimizing the heat losses. Examples of these details are floor-wall junction and window openings in the wall. In such connections thermal bridges occur, which means that heat more easily is transported out of the building, compared to the rest of the building envelope. This report deals with detail solutions around windows and a comparison between a traditional slab and a foundation from Koljern consisting of foam glass. As reference building, a preschool in Umeå, designed by WSP as a low energy house has been used. An analysis is made of various solutions and how much difference this makes to the building's average heat transfer coefficient, Um. Furthermore, studies also have been made of how the window's placement in the wall affects the size of the thermal bridge. For the analysis of thermal bridges the simulation software Heat2 is used. The result shows that it differs quite a lot between different solutions and that it’s preferable to place the window a bit into the wall. Overall, a light beam yields a smaller thermal bridge than ordinary construction timber. Making use of standard values ​​for thermal bridges can be very misleading and can in the worst case lead to incorrect sizing of the heating system.

Det konstrueras i stor utsträckning bristfälliga detaljlösningar på byggnader i dagsläget. Den bärande stommen i konstruktionen prioriteras ofta medan det inte ägnas lika mycket fokus åt att tillgodose de byggnadsfysiska aspekterna. Anledningen till de bristfälliga detaljerna är även att den som utför arbetet saknar rätt kunskap och tid. För att skapa en förbättring behövs ett hjälpmedel! Kunskap och erfarenhet om hur bra detaljer skapas finns redan i företag, svårigheten är dock att sprida kunskapen till de som är i behov av den. Målet med denna rapport är att skapa en metodik som blir startskottet för ett omfattande arbete kring framtagandet av ett detaljbibliotek, vars syfte är att sprida byggnadsfysiska kunskaper inom företaget och inspirera konstruktörer till att konstruera bra detaljlösningar. Biblioteket ska innehålla byggnadsfysiskt utredda detaljlösningar som analyserats enligt den utarbetade metodiken. Metodiken kommer göra det möjligt att på ett enkelt sätt utvärdera detaljlösningar, för att sedan presentera dessa med uträknade värden och rekommendationer i detaljbiblioteket. Via intervjuer med konstruktörer och en omfattande genomgång av byggnadsprojekt, har 7st detaljlösningar valts ut för att utredas och sedan exemplifiera hur dokumenten i detaljbiblioteket kommer att gestalta sig. Exemplen går att se i rapporten, och de kommer även att utgöra embryot till det slutgiltiga detaljbiblioteket. Detaljbiblioteket kommer sedan ligga ute på Sweco Structures interna nätverk, så att detaljerna blir lättåtkomliga för de som är i behov av dem. / It is constructed inadequate detail solutions of buildings in the current situation. The carrying frame of the structure is often given priority while it is not given as much focus to solve the building physical aspects. The reason for the inadequate detail is also that the person doing the don´t has the right knowledge or time. In order to create an improvement, a tool is needed!  Knowledge and experience of how well the details are created already exists at the company, the difficulty is to spread the knowledge to those who are in need of it. The objective of this report is to create a methodology that will mark the start of an extensive work on the development of a detail library whose purpose is to spread building physical skills within the company and inspire constructors to construct good detail solutions. The library will include good building physical detail solutions which were analyzed according to the produced methodology. The method will allow to easily evaluate detail solutions, and to present them with calculated values and recommendations in detail library. Through interviews with designers and a comprehensive review of construction projects, has 7 detail solutions been selected to be examined, and then illustrate how the documents in detail the library will be presented. The examples will be seen in the report, and they will also serve as the embryo of the definitive and large detail library. Detailed library will then be placed at Sweco Structures internal network, so that the details are easily accessible for those who are in need of them.

Multi-story wood frame construction is a highly relevant topic today because of the need to continue to develop the relatively new building technique to create a sustainable way to keep constructing new buildings. Because the use of wood as a frame material in multi-story buildings is still new, there are still issues that come with the choice to use it. One of these issues is in the detailed technical solutions that are constructed, they often have faults that may lead to problems with moisture. The purpose of this degree project is to investigate these problems and more importantly the process behind constructing them. This work is also examining what can be done to counteract or minimize the issues in the planning phases of the construction as well as look at why it is important to continue developing wood construction. There are two parts of the method used in this degree project. The first part is a literature study which brings up the attributes of wood, factors for using and not using wood, the techniques used to build multi-story buildings in wood, as well as a look into the detailed technical solutions that are used and the planning process behind them. The second part is the interview study where experts in the field are interviewed to get answers about the issues that this work brings up. The interviews provided a lot of information that is relevant for this work and the result consists of the most important answers from them. The biggest factor for continuing to develop the use of wood as a frame material, from the interviews, was about the eco-friendliness of the material. The attitude to use wood in multi-story buildings varies quite a bit depending on which part of the construction sector is asked. The developers are curious but still a bit worried, because of this they have not yet taken the next step in using it more. The entrepreneurs are still sceptical about the use in multi-story constructions and there is not enough knowledge about it for them to earn the same amounts of money as if they were to use concrete or steel. Because of that they are also worried about taking the next step towards using wood more. The consultants, like the architects and construction engineers, are more positive to the use of wood and are inclined to use it more and more. The issues that come up the most are different types of attachments of balconies and exterior corridors, parts that are installed too close to the ground and solutions where the end grain of the wood is in water. There were three main problems that came up repeatedly. The biggest one was the lack of knowledge in the planning and the production phases. The second one was about how there is often no one who looks at the bigger picture in the projects which entails mistakes that could be caught. The last issue was in the installation where the construction workers might not do it according to the construction drawings or a lack of drawings which leads to improvisation at the construction site. Recommended improvements could be a standardisation of the solutions that are proven to work for everyone to use. There is also a need for better communication which provides feedback to the designers of the solutions, that way they will know what to do better in the future. More relevant education within the topic and better coordination will also prove vital in the continued development of multistory wooden constructions.