No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Chronic pain is one of the most common health conditions, affecting nearly six million Canadian adults. Despite abundant research on chronic pain in general, there is limited knowledge on how racialized immigrant women experience living with chronic pain and how this relates to their broader social circumstances. The purpose of this qualitative, exploratory study is to understand living with chronic disabling pain as situated in and contextualized by the lived experiences of immigrant women residing in Ottawa, Ontario, and to explore the perspectives of the women's care partners as well as physicians providing care for chronic pain. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 participants. The dissertation is guided by the social determinants of health framework and an intersectional lens. Four interconnected themes from the data analysis have been generated: (1) The trajectory and meaning of pain; (2) Reasons for pain and triggering factors; (3) Pain consequences; and (4) Coping and control. Findings indicate that chronic pain is a subjective, complex, biopsychosocial, and multidimensional phenomenon. Pain is a deeply personal experience linked with meaning. Results also highlight an association between the distribution of the social determinants of health during the life course and pain. Furthermore, the pain has profound, multidimensional impacts on the women and their families, and its treatment is a challenging task for health care professionals. In addition, the findings show that pain is often poorly recognized, underestimated, and inadequately managed. Finally, the results illustrate the perseverance and incredible resilience of the women and their carers. The findings provide several implications for policy, research, and practice.

This paper examines whether the total amount issued of a company has an effect on corporate bonds’ yield spreads on the Swedish debt capital market. With panel data regression of over 150,000 observations from over 20 investment graded companies, it is found that the relationship is smile-like. Companies with lower and higher amount of issued bonds have a higher yield spread compared to those in the middle-size range of the same credit risk. The significance hold after controlling for other regressors such as bond-specific, firm-specific, and macroeconomic variables. The effect can be viewed as a market-illiquidity problem from the theory of constrained investors where Swedish issuers outgrow the smaller SEK market and the yield spread levels are not fully explained by default risk determinants. The paper’s result indicates that the total amount outstanding of a company has a role in explaining the dynamics of corporate bonds’ yield spread. / Denna uppsats undersöker om det totala utfärdade beloppet för ett företag har en effekt på företagsobligationers yield spread på den svenska skuldkapitalmarknaden. Med paneldataregression på över 150,000 observationer från över 20 investeringsgraderade företag kan det konstateras att förhållandet är icke-linjärt. Företag med lägre och högre belopp emitterade obligationer har en högre yield spread jämfört med dem i medelstorleksintervallet av samma kreditrisk. Signifikansen håller efter kontroll för andra regressorer, såsom obligationsspecifika, företagsspecifika och makroekonomiska variabler. Effekten kan ses som ett problem med illikviditet på marknaden utifrån teorin om begränsade investerare där svenska emittenter växer ifrån den mindre SEK-marknaden. Uppsatsens resultat indikerar att det totala utestående beloppet för ett företag har en roll i att förklara dynamiken i företagsobligationernas yield spread.

<p>Refugee women experience important physical and mental health disparities which are often unmet during resettlement to host countries. These health disparities have been attributed to the gendering of the refugee process, such that women are more vulnerable to gender-specific violence and abuse during flight from war and conflict. Despite having unmet health needs, they face multiple barriers to leading healthy lives and healing during resettlement to a new host country. This paper seeks to respond to the need for research in understanding the health of refugee women in western nations within feminist geographical scholarship by exploring the ‘lived experiences’ of refugee and refugee claimant women during resettlement to Hamilton, Ontario. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and focus groups with key informants (n=9) and refugee women and refugee claimant women (n=37) from various source countries. Results from this study provide in-depth understandings on the experiences of resettlement including the particular challenges refugee and refugee claimant women face in attempting to rebuild their lives in Canada. Perceptions of good health are closely related to various dimensions of gender (roles and identities) and citizenship (status). This paper explores important health determinants as expressed by the participants: pre-migration experiences, citizenship (status), employment and housing experiences and health care during resettlement. Accounts from this study reflect the need to address ongoing immigration reform and refugee policy in a manner that will honour Canada’s commitment to international humanitarian agreements such as the 1951 Geneva Convention.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

In the current healthcare landscape, parents generally make decisions regarding whether or not their children are allowed to take part in clinical research, with the general assumption being that parents know what is best for children. Investigations have been conducted regarding what is likely to lead parents to consent or not consent to their child’s participation in a trial, but research plans seldom incorporate the consideration that not all parents come into the consent process with equal social, academic, and economic footing. Since the burden of the ultimate decision lies primarily on the parents, it is supremely important that they are capable of making a well-informed and thoughtful choice. Bioethical understanding of the influence of parental decisions in clinical research must consider demographic variables and how they may affect parents’ decisions to allow or disallow their child to participate in a clinical trial. Those differences could affect the consent process and have ramifications for the research findings, as research results are affected in numerous ways by which children do, and do not, participate in studies. This paper looks specifically at parents in the process of informed consent for pediatric research, taking into account several social determinants of health and how they affect who participates in research and how that affects research as a whole. / Urban Bioethics